o
J -
HAHNE^IANN.
HISTORY
OF
HOMOEOPATHY
AND
ITS INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA
Their Founders, Benefactors, Faculties, Officers, Hospitals, Alumni, Etc.,
with a Record of Achievement of Its Representatives
in the "World of Medicine
UllustrateD
VOLUNIE I
EDITED BY
WILLIAM HARVEY KING, M. D., LL. D.
Dea.n of the Fa.culty Ne-w York Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital
NEW YORK CHICAGO
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
Copyright, 1905
BY
LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
New York :: Chicago
To
SAMUEL CHRISTIAN FRIEDERICH HAHNEMANN
and the
GERMAN PROVERS
This Work Is Dedicated
No mere Words can Adequately Express the Affection
and Loyalty nvhich e'very True Homoeopathist must feel
for Hahnemann and His Co-ivorkers. If these Volumes
of the History of Homoeopathy and its Institutions in
America in the Least Degree do Honor to Our Master,
then They have not been Written in Vain
INTRODUCTION
The homceopathic school of medicine was founded in Germany, but
its growth has been most noteworthy in America. This has been due not
to greater abihty on the part of Hahnemann's followers in this country,
nor to greater loyalty and enthusiasm among the adherents of homoe-
opathy here, but to liberal laws which have enabled the physicians of this
school to establish colleges where the law of similia s-irnilibus curantur
could be properly taught, and physicians graduated who had not been
prejudiced against it by contact with the allopathic profession, whose chief
aim was to imbue the mind of the students with a belief in its supposed
fallacies. The same spirit of liberality that encouraged the building of
colleges also opened the way for the founding of hospitals and clinics,
wherein the superiority of the homoeopathic treatment has been established.
To record the growth of these institutions in America and the labors of
the men who established them under trying circumstances, often fighting
their way through storms of opposition, rising above all difficulties, is the
province of this work.
Thirty years ago Dr. Carroll Dunham undertook the preparation of
a history of homoeopathy, but ill health and an untimely death prevented
its completion by his hand, and others took up the task he was obliged to
relinquish. This history appeared in a supplemental volume of the tran-
sactions of the World's Homoeopathic Convention held in Philadelphia
during the centennial of 1876. The substantial growth of homoeopathy in
America has been since that time. Then scarcely a homoeopathic college
owned any property, and there Avere few well-equipped homoeopathic hos-
pitals in the land. To be sure, some vigorous homceopathic societies ex-
isted, and it is to their vigor and activity that we owe the chief part of
our advancement. These societies have been the organized force of the
school. They have furnished it with inspiration and have, at the same
time, been its critics. They have acted as censors on colleges and facul-
ties, and m many ways have been the parent of the vigorous homoeopathy
of to-day. We owe much tO' those men who, early foreseeing the difficul-
ties which were to beset the establishment of a new school of medicine,
INTRODUCTION vii
and recognizing the necessity of an organized force, were moved to estab-
lish the first national medical society in the United States, the American
institute of Homoeopathy.
Like tribute may be paid to the genius of those who organized the
state societies, which in time came to exercise a strong influence over
state legislatures, as it is these bodies which govern medical practice in
this country, and conserA'e the welfare of the whole school. The history
of medical legislation as it relates to our school to-day is interesting,
showing what was done by a small band of men who believed in their
cause, and asked for nothing but justice against a powerful organization
actuated by malice, hatred, and ofttimes by superstition. Were it not
for the work done by our state societies most of the institutions that we
have to-day would not be in existence.
Another potent force in the building up of the homoeopathic school
of medicine has been its literature as presented in its journals and text
books. The same wisdom that foresaw the necessity of organization
foresaw the necessity of an individual literature. Homoeopathic jour-
nals were early established, not only carrying each month fresh encour-
agement to the physicians of the school, but bringing much help in the
way of new provings. thus widening their therapeutic field. At the
same time these journals kept abreast of the best there was in the whole
domain of medicine and surgery. Text books of 'homoeopathic thera-
peutics were issued by the score within a comparatively short time after
the establishment of the school in America. Thus it was that the homoeo-
pathic physician became independent of his allopathic rival and enemy,
and the increasing strength of his school g^ave him confidence in his
system and confidence in himself.
All this, however, was only the means to an end. The real strength
of the entire system lay in the superiority of the homoeopathic principle
over the empiricism of the then dominant school of practice. But no
matter how great an advancement our system may ha^'e been over that
already in practice, it could not by its truth alone have made headway
against bigotry, wdiich is sometimes called conservatism, together with
an animositv which is not scientific and which in this case reflects no
credit on the self-styled regular school of medicine.
It was no easy task that our predecessors set for themselves in es-
tablishing a new school of medicine under these conditions, and what
we are to-day. and what we will be in the future, we owe to the ability,
energy and self-sacrificing cliaracter of those who fought the battle when
viii INTRODUCTION
it was raging hottest and who never swerved from the course they had
laid out for themselves. It is to preserve the work of these men that
this history has been written.
This history of homoeopathy takes up events in their natural se-
quence. After a resume of Hahnemann's life and the events attending
the founding of the system in Europe, it brings us to America with the
landing in New York of Hans Burch Gram and the planting of homoe-
opathy in the metropolis. Of much greater importance, however, was
the landing of Constantine Hering and his comrades, and the opening
of the Allentown Academy, afterwards the college in Philadelphia. That
was really the nucleus of the homceopathic school in America. From
these two points the growth of homoeopathy in every state, city and
territory, and the founding of societies, colleges and hospitals are taken
up in convenient order.
In preparing a comprehensive history of homoeopathy and its insti-
tutions, it has been necessary to draw information from many and varied
sources. The names of the collaborators are sufficient to guarantee the
sincerity and thoroughness of the work. They are not only the repre-
sentative men and women of the school, but the subjects upon which
they have written have been those of which they were above all the most
competent to treat, and their personal sympathy and interest has given
to their papers a value which could not attach to the work of the ordinary
writer of historical facts. Each contributor has done his work cheer-
fully, and any words which might be set down here, no matter how
fulsome in praise, would but poorly express the appreciation which the
editor and publishers feel for their careful and faithful assistance.
The great aim has been reliability, and no pains have been spared
to make it such a work as will live in the annals of true historv.
THE COLLABORATORS
William Harvey King, M.D., LL.D. . . New York City
Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M.D. . . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Willis Alonzo Dewey, M.D Ann Arbor, Michigan
Pemberton Dudley, M.D., LL.D. . . . Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
George Theodore Shower, M.D. . . . Baltimore, ^Maryland
Daniel A. MacLachlan, M. D. . . . Detroit, Michigan
George Royal, M.D Des Moines, Iowa
Charles Edgar Walton, M.D., LL.D. . Cincinnati, Ohio
JiRAH Dewey Buck, M.D Cincinnati, Ohio
James Polk Willard, M.D Denver, Colorado
Andrew Leight Monroe, M.D Louisville, Kentucky
William Davis Foster, M.D Kansas City, Missouri
Howard Roy Chislett, M.D Chicago, Illinois
LuciEN Claude McElwee, M.D Saint Louis, Missouri
Allen Corson Cowperthwaite, M.D., Ph.D., LL.D. Chicago, Illinois
John Blair Smith King, M.D Chicago, Illinois
David Herrick Beckwith, M.D. . . . Cleveland, Ohio
James Richey Horner, A.M., M.D. . . . Cleveland, Ohio
Gaius J. Jones, M.D Cleveland, Ohio
Wilbert B. Hinsdale, M.D Ann Arbor, Michigan
Guernsey Penny Waring, M.D Evanston, Illinois
M; Belle Brown, M.D New York City
Annie S. Higbie, M.D New York City
John Preston Sutherland, M.D. . . . Boston, Massachusetts
James William Ward, M.D San Francisco, California
Henry C. Allen, Chicago, Illinois
Lewis Cass Aldrich Binghamton, New York
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAPTER I
The Subject Introduced — Discovery in Medical Science — Brief Allusion to the Founder
— Homoeopathy in Germany — Bohemia — Austria — Russia — France — Italy — Amer-
ica— Sweden — Great Britain — Spain — Belgium — Cuba 17
CHAPTER H
The Beginnings of Flomoeopathy — Hahnemann, the Founder — His Birth and Educa-
tion— His Trials and Triumphs — His Death — Brief Allusion to Some of the
Provers, Disciples of the Founder 22
CHAPTER HI
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK
Introductory Observations — Condition of Homoeopathy at the Time of Gram's Arrival
in America — He Settles in New York — His Practice and Followers — Homoeo-
pathic Medical Societies, State and Local — Hospitals and Charitable Institutions —
The Pioneers of Homoeopathy in New York 44
CHAPTER IV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK — (CONTINUED)
The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 — Hahnemann an Honorary Member of the New York
Medical Society — The Pioneer Homoeopathic Medical Society — Reminiscences of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh^ — Paine — Dutcher
— Wright — Ball — Freeman — Cook — Bowers — Harris — Palmer — McVickar — Joslin —
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — A Chapter of Reminiscences 76
CHAPTER V
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK — (CONTINUED)
Outspreading of the Homoeopathic Doctrine from New York City into the Several
Counties of the State — The Pioneers and Their Trials and Triumphs — Reminis-
cences and Sketches 94
CHAPTER VI
HOMOEOPATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA
Introductory Remarks — Primacy of Pennsylvania in Homceopalhic Institutions — Ho-
moeopathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania — Other State and Local Societies —
Allentown Academy — Recollections of Early Practitioners — Detwiller. the Pre-
scriber — Wesselhoeft and Freytag, the Founders — Becker and Helfrich, the
Preacher Physicians — Ihm, the Pioneer m Philadelphia — Hering, the Prover. Phil-
osopher, Scientist and Founder — Brief Allusion to Other Early Practitioners — Lists
of Pioneer Physicians — Homoeopathic Dispensaries iii
CHAPTER VII
HOMOEOPATHY IN VIRGINIA
Early Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the West and Southwest — Virginia
Societies — Allentown Academy Bears Good Fruit — The Pioneer in Virginia a
Layman — The Caspar! Brothers — Campos — Hardy — Hobson — Atw-ood — Hughes —
Other Early Practitioners in the Old Dominion 162
CONTENTS xi
CHAPTER VIII.
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO
-Gradual Introduction of Homoeopathy in the West — Cope, the Pioneer of the New-
System in Ohio— Beckwith's Recollections of Sturm — Pulte, the Pioneer and
Founder of a Great School of Medical Learning — Cholera Plague of 1849 and
Later Years — Homoeopathy attacked by the Old Enemy — Early Homoeopaths in
Cincinnati and Cleveland — Attempts to Establish a Medical College — Eclectic Med-
ical Listitute Establishes a Chair of Homoeopathy — Reminiscences of Early Prac-
titioners 166
CHAPTER IX
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO — (CONTINUED)
Purpose of the Homoeopathic Society of Cincinnati — Hill of the Ecletlic Medical In-
stitute of Cincinnati Converted to Plomoeopathy — Shepherd, Ijie Pioneer in Hamil-
ton County — Reminiscences of Early Physicians — Pulte, the Founder, Scholar and
Physician — The Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine 177
CHAPTER X
HOMOEOPATHY IN LOUISIANA
Condition of Medicine in Louisiana in Martin's Time — The Southern Homceopathic
Medical Association — Charity Homoeopathic Hospital — Dr. Joseph Martin, the
Pioneer Homoeopath in Louisiana — Taft, the Second Practitioner — Reminiscences
of Other Early Homoeopathic Practitioners 188
CHAPTER XI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MARYLAND
The Maryland Homoeopathic State Medical Society — Other Societies — Felix R. Mc-
Manus, the Pioneer — His Life and Experiences — Schmidt, the Prussian Convert
— Haynel, the German, and Busch, the Saxon — Cyriax, Hardy and Geiger — List of
Early Practitioners 194
CHAPTER XII
HOMOEOPATHY IN CONNECTICUT
The First Prescriber of Homoeopathic Doses in Connecticut — Early Planting and Sub-
sequent Growth of Homa-opathy in the State — Societies and Hospitals — The
Taylors, Father and Son — New Milford First to Have a Homoeopathic Physician
— The Tatts in Hartford — John Schue — Introduction of the New System in the
Counties — Pioneers, Early Practitioners and Reminiscences — List of Old Practi-
tioners 200
CHAPTER XIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MASSACHUSETTS
How the Seed was First Sown in the Old Bay State — New York Furnishes the Pioneer
—Gregg and Flagg, the Standard Bearers — Their Followers and Proselytes — The
Homoeopathic Fraternity of ]\Iassachusetts — Its Organization and Membership —
The Massachusetts Homceopathic Medical Society — Brief Allusion to the Homoeo-
pathic Institutions, and the Pioneers of the Profession in the Several Counties of
the Commonwealth 210
CHAPTER XIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW JERSEY
Occupation of New Jersey by Homoeopaths from New York on the North and Phila-
delphia on the West— The First Practitioner Converts from the Allopathic Ranks
— Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward, the Pioneer — Early Society Organization — Pioneers of
Homoeopathy in the Several Counties of New Jersey — Reminiscences of Prom-
inent Early Practitioners 240
xii CONTENTS
CHAPTER XV
HOMOEOPATHY IN VERMONT
Sowing the Seed of Homoeopatliy in the Old Green Mountain State — Baird, the Inde-
pendent, Self-Educated and Successful Practitioner, the Pioneer — Brief Allusion
to State, District and County Societies — How and by Whom Homoeopathy was
Introduced in the Counties of Vermont 258
CHAPTER XVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN DELAWARE
Treatment of Gosewisch at the Hands of Delaware Allopaths — His Great Work_ for
Homoeopathy — Harlan, the Second Homoeopathic Physician in the State — Quinby
— Negendank — Swinney — Curtis — Lawton — Tantum '. 269
CHAPTER XVn
HOMOEOPATHY IN RHODE ISLAND
Parlin, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in Rhode Island — His Accomplishments and Polit-
ical Misfortunes — Early Homoeopathic Practitioners in the Several Towns of the
State — Reminiscences, Statistics and Biography 275
CHAPTER XVni
HOMOEOPATHY IN KENTUCKY
A Hospitable Welcome Greets Homoeopathy in Kentucky — Bernstein, the Pioneer,
Finds Warm Friends Among the Allopaths — Their Estimate of His Worth — Early
Practitioners in Various Parts of the State — A Chapter of Statistics, Reminis-
cences and Biography 282
CHAPTER XIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW HAMPSHIRE
Dr. Moses Atwood, a Convert of Gregg's, the Pioneer of Homoeopathy in New Hamp-
shire— The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Early Practitioners in the Sev-
eral Counties 289
CHAPTER XX
HOMOEOPATHY IN INDIANA
Dr. Isaac Coe, the Pioneer of Homceopathy in Indiana, was Hull's Converted Allopath
— Outspreading of the Practice in the State — The State and Other Homoeopathic
Medical Societies — Recollections of Early Practitioners — A Table of Converts.,. 295
CHAPTER XXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN MAINE
Early Homoeopathy in the Pine Tree State — Characteristics of the Early Practitioners
— The State and Other Medical Societies — Sandicky, the Itinerant Homoeopath —
His Converts and Followers — List of Early Practitioners 303
CHAPTER XXII
HOMOEOPATHY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Brief Allusion to the Hahnemann Monument — Ceremonies of the Unveiling — The
Washington Convention — Homoeopathic Societies and Hospitals — Dr. John Piper,
the First Homoeopathic Physician in the District of Columbia — Reminiscences and
List of Early Practitioners 315
CHAPTER XXIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MICHIGAN
Beginnings of Homoeopathy in Michigan — Early Practitioners all Converted Allopaths
— Record of Medical Societies — Hall and Lamb, the Pioneers — Reminiscences and
Lists of Early Practitioners 322
CONTENTS xiii
CHAPTER XXIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN GEORGIA
This State not Highly Productive of Homoeopathic History— Gilbert and Schley, the
Pioneers— Reminiscences of Other Early Practitioners 334
CHAPTER XXV
HOMOEOPATHY IN WISCONSIN ^
The Pioneers of Homoeopathy in Wisconsin— The Conditions There Described by Dr.
Chittenden— Wisconsin State Homoeopathic Medical Society— Recollections of the
Pioneers and Their Early Experiences— List of Old Practitioners 337
CHAPTER XXVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN ALABAMA
Homoeopathy Never Strong in Alabama— Dr. Monroe Describes Some Early Ex-
periences— The State Medical Association — Ulrich and Schafer, the Pioneers —
Later Accessions to the Homoeopathic Ranks — Reminiscences and Tables of Early
Practitioners 342
CHAPTER XXVII
HOMOEOPATHY IN ILLINOIS
Early Homoeopathic Conditions in Illinois — Experiences of Dr. David Sheppard Smith,
Allopath and Homoeopath— Zabina Eastman and the "Western Citizen "—Effects
of the Chicago Fire of 1871 on Homoeopathy in that City — Homoeopathic Medical
Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of Early Homoeopathic Prac-
titioners 345
CHAPTER XXVIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MISSOURI
Early Homoeopathy in Missouri — Subsequent Growth of the System — Dr. John Temple
and His Works — Medical Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences and Lists of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners 3^3
CHAPTER XXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN TENNESSEE
Nashville a Center of Medical Education — Experiences of Drs. Harsh, Wheaton and
Kellogg, Early Homoeopathic Practitioners in Tennessee — Homoeopathic Medical
Society of Tennessee — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners in the State 369
CHAPTER XXX
HOMOEOPATHY IN TEXAS
Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the Lone Star State — The Texas Homoeo-
pathic Medical Association — Dr. Parker, the Pioneer — His Life and Works — Other
Early Practitioners in Various Parts of the State 373
CHAPTER XXXI
HOMOEOPATHY IN CALIFORNIA
Homoeopathy Finds Lodgment on the Pacific Slope in 1849 — Pioneers were both
Physicians and Gold Hunters — The State Medical Society — Benjamin Ober, the
Pioneer Homoeopath — Reminiscences and List of Practitioners Zll
CHAPTER XXXII
HOMOEOPATHY IN IOWA
Trials of Dr. Beck, the First Homoeopathic Physician in Iowa — Subsequent Permanent
Introduction and Development of the New System in the State — Iowa Medical
Societies — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners 38S
xiv CONTENTS
CHAPTER XXXIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN MINNESOTA
Relations of Civil and Homoeopathic History in Minnesota — Planting Hahnemann's
System in the State — Societies and Hospitals— Reminiscences of Early Practi-
tioners 389
CHAPTER XXXIV
^ HOMOEOPATHY IN MISSISSIPPI
The Planting of Homoeopathy in Mississippi by Dr. Davis — His Early Experiences —
Growth of Hahnemann's System of Medicine in the State — The State Medical
Society — Reminiscences and List of Early Practitioners 395
CHAPTER XXXV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEBRASKA
Homoeopathy Instrodnced in Omaha in 1862 — Wright, the Pioneer — Drs. Way and
Hemingway in Nebraska City — The State Homoeopathic Medical Society — Gradual
Growth of the System in Nebraska — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners 398
CHAPTER XXXVI
HOMOEOPATHY IN WEST VIRGINIA
A Brief Chapter of Reminiscences — Dr. Alfred Hughes and His Sister — List of Prac-
titioners in the State 402
CHAPTER XXXVII
HOMOEOPATHY IN NORTH CAROLINA
Homoeopathy Introduced in the State by Dr. Freeman — Reminiscences and List of
Other Early Practitioners in North Carolina i 405
CHAPTER XXXVIII
HOMOEOPATHY IN COLORADO, MONTANA AND FLORIDA
Late Planting and Rapid Growth of Homoeopathy in Colorado — Ingersol, the First
Practitioner, and Marix, the Permanent Practitioner — State Medical Society —
Homoeopathy in Montana begins in 1866 — Its Subsequent Growth — Meagre History
on Florida- — Early Practitioners in all these States — The Florida Homoeopathic
Medical Society — Reminiscences 407
CHAPTER XXXIX
HOMOEOPATHY IN OREGON, SOUTH CAROLINA AND KANSAS
Dr. Leslie Jacob Coombs, the Pioneer Homoeopath in Oregon — Later Growth of the
System in the State — Medical Societies and Hospitals in Kansas — Dr. John Hazard
Henry, the First Homoeopath in South Carolina — Dr. John Doy, the Pioneer of
. PIomcEopathy in Kansas — Societies and Hospitals — Reminiscences 412
CHAPTER XL
HOMOEOPATHY IN UTAH, WYOMING, THE DAKOTAS, ARIZONA, IDAHO AND ALASKA
Dr. Isaiah White, the First Homteopath in Salt Lake City — Dr. John Bowman,
Cheyenne — Dr. 11. J. Alorrison in Arizona — Dr. E. O. Plumbe in Dakota — Dr.
D. G. Strong in Idaho — Lists of Early Practitioners 417
CHAPTER XLI
HOMOEOPATHY IN ARKANSAS, NEVADA, INDIAN TERRITORY, WASHINGTON, NEW MEXICO
AND OKLAHOMA 422
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
HauxemaxXX Frontispiece
Dr. Johann Ernst Staff ^9
Dr. Gustav Wilhelm Gross 23
Hahnemann's Birthplace in Meissen 24
Dr. Carl 'Gottlob Franz 25
Dr. Franz Hartmann 28
Dr. Moritz Muller 30
Dr. Carl Haubold 31
Dr. Carl F. Trinks 32
Dr. G. a. H. Muhlenbein 34
Hahnemann's Home in Coethen 36
Friedrich Rummel, M. D 37
Dr. Georg Aug. Benj. Scpiweikert ■. 39
Dr. Carl Georg Ch. Hartlaub 41
Dr. Julius Schweikert ._ 42
Hans Burgh Gram, M. D .' 46
Main Entrance, Middletown State Hom. Hospital 51
Main Building, Middletown State Hom. FIospital 53
Metropolitan Hospital, Blackwell's Island 55
Utica Homoeopathic Hospital 59
M. O. Terry, Surg. Gen. S. N. Y 62
John Franklin Gray, M. D 65
A. Gerald Hull, A. M., M. D 69
Dr. S. R. Kirby 71
Federal Vanderburgh, M. D Si
E. E. Snyder, M. D 83
Walter C. Palmer, M. D 85
J. A. McVickar, M. D 87
B. F. Joslin, M. D 89
Lewis Hallock, M. D 91
P. P. Wells, M. D 92
Horatio Robinson, M. D 96
H. C. Hubbard, M. D 97
Horace M. Paine, M. D 103
Allentown Academy 115
IMain Group of Buildings, PENNSYLV,^NIA Homoeopathic State Hospital for Insane. 118
Children's Homoeopathic Hospital 120
Hering Building, Medical and Surgical Dept 121
Lippe Isolated Pavilion 122
Sargent or Maternity Building 123
HoMOEOP.\THic Hospital, Pittsburgh 124
McClelland in the Operating Room, Pittsburgh Hom. Hosp 126
willard in the operating room, pittsburgh hom. hosp 127
Henry Detwiller, M. D > 129
Samuel R. Dubs, M. D 131
H. H. Hoffman, M. D 135
J. C. Burgher, INI. D 137
Hering's Lachesis Snake 141
John Henry Floto, M. D 143
Charles Neidhard, M. D 146
James Kitchen, M. D 149
Alvan E. Small, M. D 151
Joseph Berens, M. D 152
G. Reichhelm, M. D 153
Benjamin Becker, M. D 155
Obadiah C. Brickley, M. D 157
John F. Cooper, M. D 158
Ohio Hospital for Women and Children, Cincinnati 171
James G. Hunt, M. D 173
John Wheeler, M. D \ , 175
xvi ILLUSTRATIONS
Seven Old Fellows I77
Alfred Shepherd, M. D 179
William Owens, M. D 182
Storm Rosa, M. D 183
Prominent Cleveland Homoeopaths 184
Wm. H. Holcombe, M. D 191
Thomas Shearer, M. D 195
Westboro Hom. Asylum for Insane 212A
Milton Fuller, M. D 217''
Famous Patrons of Homoeopathy 220
Alvin M. Gushing, M. D 224
Geo. W. Swazey, M. D 227
G. F. Matthes, M. D 229
A. A. Klein, M. D 230
Henry B. Clarke, M. D 231
Elisha J. Jones, M. D 232
Geo. Russell, M. D 233
Geo. W. Richards, M. D 243
Daniel R. Gardiner, M. D 246
Bowman H. Shivers, M. D 247
Jos. C. Boardman, M. D 250
Samuel A. Jones, M. D 254
Theodore Y. Kinne, M. D 255
G. N. Brigham, M. D 260
Geo. E. E. Sparhawk, M. D 262
C. B. Currier, M. D 264
Jos. R. Tantum, M. D.. 270
Homoeopathic Hospital of Delaware 271
Caleb Harlan, M. D 272
Chas. H. Lawton, M. D : 273
George B. Peck, M. D 277
Wm. L. Breyfogle, M. D 285
Joshua F. Whittle, M. D 290
Oliver L. Bradford, M. D 291
Oliver P. Baer, M. D 296
George W. Bowen, M. D 299
Wm. E. Payne, M. D 304
Eliphalet Clark, M. D 306
James H. Payne, M. D 309
Nancy T. Williams, M. D 3"
Hahnemann Monument — Presentation Ceremony 314
Hahnemann Monument — Presentation by Dr. Walton • 316
Ode to Hahnemann, by Dr. Wm. Tod Helmuth 3^6
TuLLio S. VERDf, M. D 318
Susan Ann Edson, M. D 319
Jehu Brainerd, M. D 320
W. Hanford White, M. D 323
Edwin M. Hale, M. D 328
Charles J. Hempel, M. D 332
F. H. Orme, M. D 335
Wm. L. Cleveland, M. D 336
Chicago Homoeopathic Hospital 346
T. C. Duncan, M. D 3SO
F. F. DE Derky, M. D 353
C. Ferd. Kuechler, M. D 355
Leonard Pratt, M. D .- 359
T. G. CoMSTocK, M. D 365
Jabez P. Dake, M. D '. 371
E. J. Eraser, M. D 378
Frederick Hiller, M. D 379
John Esten, M. D 381
George W. Barnes, M. D 383
Wm. H. Leonard, M. D 391
INDEX.
A
Abell, D. T., 367.
Abbott, Jehial, 233.
Academy, Allentown, 114.
Academy, North American, 114.
Act to Protect Citizens from Quackerj', 2i7^-
Adams Co. Homo. Med. Assn., 351.
Adams County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Adam, Dr., 41.
Adams, Ira, g8.
Adams, R. E. W., 174, 356.
Alabama, Homo, in, 342.
Alaska, Homo, in, 420.
Albany City Homo. Hosp., 54.
Albertson, J. A., 380.
Albright, G., 343.
Aldrich, Henry C, 392.
Allen, John R., 371.
Allen, Samuel Smith, loi.
Allentown Academy, 114.
Allentown Academy, Founders of, 117.
Alley, W. W., 96.
Anderson, Moses, 149.
Angell, E. P., 375.
Angell, Henry C, 225.
Angell, James, 375.
Angell, Richard, 190. '
Angell, Richard, 285.
Angell, Richard, 343.
Annin, Jonathan D., 243.
Anthony, W. C, 357.
Appleton, John W. M., 403.
Archiv fur die Homoopathische Heilkunst,
40.
Arcoli, Dr., 164.
Arizona, Homo, in, 419.
Arizona State Homo. Med. Assn., 419.
Arkansas, Homo, in, 422.
Arkansas State Homo. Med. Assn., 422.
Armstrong County, Pa., Homoeopathy in,
ISO.
Arnold, Rawdon, 413.
Arthur, Asa A., 266.
Asiatic Cholera, 172.
Atwood, Aaron H., 163.
Atwood, Aaron H., 292.
Atwood, Moses, 290.
Austin, James H., 204.
Austin, John Hayden, 249.
Ayers, E. Darwin, 422.
B
Babcock, J., 357.
Bachmeister, Theodore, 360.
Baer, Oliver P., 298.
Bagley, Alvan, 424.
Bailey, Charles, 235.
Baird, David H., 258.
Baker, David, 99.
Baker, Mary G., 235.
Balch, Edward T., 382.
Baldwin Place Home, 214.
Ball, Alonzo S., 85.
Baltimore Homo. Med. Soc, 195.
Banks, W. H., 334.
Bannister, Charles B., 340.
Barker, G. W., 175.
Barlow, Samuel B., 88.
Barnes, George W., 180, 383.
Barrows, George, 229.
Barrows, Ira. 231, 276, 279.
Barrows, J. H., 308.
Bartlett, Abner, 361.
Bauer, Adolph, 152, 177.
Bayard, Edward, 91.
Bayer, Charles, 151.
Beakley, John Stoat, 381.
Beardsley, Herman, 424.
Beaumont, Eckhart L., 375.
Beaumont, John H.. 359.
Beaver County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Beck, Dr., 385.
Becker, Benj., 153, 156.
Becker, Rev. Chris. J., 135.
Beckwith, Ephraim C., 179.
Beebe, Gaylord D., 354. ■
Beebe, Nelson D., 359.
Beeman, J., 176.
Belcher, George Elisha, 91.
Belden, Charles D., 419.
Belden, James G., 190, 343.
Belgium, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Bell, James B., 311.
Bell, William C, 204.
INDEX
Bennett, Hollis K., 266.
Bennington Co.. Homo, in, 266.
Berens, Bernard, 149.
Berens, Joseph, 148.
Berks County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Biegler, Augustus P., 94.
Bigelow, Thomas, 264.
Bigler, George W., 174.
Birch, George B., 366.
Birnstill. Joseph. 94, 234.
Bishop, David F.. loi.
Bishop. Herbert M.. 207.
Bishop. Leverett, 100.
Bishop, Robert S., 102.
Bissell. Arthur T.. 179.
Bitely. Eugene, 330, 331.
Blackwood, B. W., 249.
Blackwood, Thomas. 326.
Blackwood, Thomas R.. 249.
Blair County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Blaisdell, J. M., 310.
Blake. Edmund H.. 375.
Blake, James H., 375.
Blodgett, T. S., 264.
Boardman, Joseph C., 249.
Bolles. Richard M.. 89.
Bosler, Jacob. 176.
Boston, Early Physicians, 237.
Bowen. Eleazer. 252.
Bowen. George W.. 300.
Bowers. Benj. F., 89.
Bowie, Alonzo P., 154.
Bowman, John R.. 417.
Bradford Co., Pa.. Homo, in, 153.
Bradford, Oliver Leech, 2t;j, 292.
Bradford, Richmond. 308, 312.
Bradley. E. W., 384.
Brainerd, Jehu, 321.
Bramon, Joaquin, 20.
Bratt. James D.. 192.
Breed. Simeon R., 361.
Breyfogle, Charles W., 382.
Brigham, Gershom N., 260.
Briry, Milton S.. 312.
Brooklyn Homo. Hosp., 53.
Brooklyn Maternity Hosp., 55.
Brooklyn Nursery and Infants' Hosp.. 55.
Brooklyn, N. Y., Early Homo. Practice in,
99-
Brooks, C. A., 237.
Brooks. John B., 422.
Brooks. Paschal P., 339.
Broome County, N. Y., Homo. in. loi.
Brown, Asa'W., 204.
Brown, Henry R., 207.
Brown. Joseph R., 375.
Brown, L. W., 254.
Brown, Titus L., 101.
Browne, Faulcon, 406.
Browne. Gardner S.. 202.
Brownell. 11. T.. 202.
Brownson, Dr., loi.
Bruchhausen. Caspar, 95.
Brugger, Ignatius, 156.
Bryan, Thomas, 154.
Bryant, Charles J., 380.
Buddeke, Ivo W., zi^-
Buffalo Homo. Hosp., 55. 59.
Bugbee, Rev. Aurin, 234.
Buih, George B., 366.
Bulkeley, Wm. E., 205.
Bull, John, 422.
Bumstead, L. J., 400.
Bunting, J. Crowley. 154.
Burnham. N. G.. 298.
Burnside. Aaron W.. 360.
Burr, Charles H., 307.
Burr, E. D., 330.
Burr, W. A., 399.
Burrett, Alex. H., 151.
Burritt, Alex., 174.
Burritt. Alex. H., 189.
Burritt, Amatus R., 343.
Burritt. Ely, 174.
Busch, Lewis, 199.
Bute, George Henry. 137.
Butler, W. P.. 340.
Byer, Rev. Father. 154.
Byron. E. S., 343, 410.
C
Caboche. Louis, 189.
Caledonia Co. Homo. Med. Soc. 259.
California. Homo, in, 2)17 ■
California State Homo. Med. Soc, 378.
Cambria County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Camp, Arthur A., 392.
Campos. F. T., 163.
Capen, Robert, 222.
Carbon County, Pa., Homo. in. 154.
Carels, Samuel, 249.
Carley, D. H. W., 400.
Carr, Marvin S., 355, 357-
Cartier, Adolph, 191.
Case, S. C, 400.
Caspari, Edward, 150, 174, 286.
Casselberry. Melville L.. 393. 403.
Gate. Shadrach M., 2.2%.
Gator. Harvey Hull, 96.
Cator, Henry Hull, i},"/.
Caulkins, Russell. 202.
Cedar Valley Homo. Med. Soc. 386.
Central Homo. Med. Assn.. 304.
Central Homo. Med. Assn.. 386.
Central Ills. Homo. Med. Assn., 349. 351.
Central New York Homo. Med. Soc, 49.
Central County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Chamberlain, Charles H., 261.
Champlin, H. C, 236.
Channing, William. 74.
Chapman. H. D.. 235.
Charity Homo. Hosp.. 189.
INDEX
Chase, A. P., 360.
Chase, Hiram L., 233.
Chase, Ira Eaton. 236.
Checver. Daniel A., 360.
Chester County, Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Chester, Crozer Home and Hosp. at, 125.
Chicago Acad, of Homo. Phys. and Surgs.,
349-
Chicago Acad, of Med., 350'.
Chicago Bapt. Hosp.. 352.
Chicago City Hosp.. 351.
Chicago Homo. ^ied. Soc, 349.
Chicago Paed. Soc, 350.
Children's Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Children's Hosp., 364.
Children's Hosp. of Five Points House of
.Ind.. 53.
Cholera Epidemic. 76.
Cholera Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Cincinnati, Homo, in, 171.
Cincinnati Hosp. for Women and Children.
.170.
Cincinnati. Pioneer Homo, of, 171.
Clapp. E. H.. 358.
Clark, Eliphalet, 306. 312.
Clark, Francis H., 222.
Clark, Joseph K., 2^4.
Clark, Luther, 218.^
Clarke, Henry B., 229.
Clarke, John Lewis, 229.
Clarke, Peleg, 2-j-j. 280.
Clay, Geo. B. L.. 247.
Cleckley, Francis V., 414.
Clemens, Rev. Father, 389.
Cleveland Homo. Hosp.. 169.
Cleveland, Homo, in, 174.
Cleveland. William L., 335.
Clinton County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Coe, DanieK 357.
Coe, Isaac, 295.
Cohen, Solomon W., 376.
Colby, Isaac, 225.
Cole, Harvey. 202.
Collins State Homo. Hosp.. 52.
Colorado, Homo. in. 407.
Colorado State Homo. Med. Soc. 407.
Columbia County. Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Communipaw ]\Ied. Soc, 241.
Comstock, Thomas G., 365.
Connecticut, Homo, in, 200.
Conn. State Homo. ^led. Soc, 200.
Cook Co. Homo. Med. Soc. 349.
Cook Co. Hosp., 352.
Cook, George W., 88, 97.
Cooley, George P., 204.
Coombs, E. H.. 402.
Coombs, Leslie J., 384, 412.
Cooper. Isaac, 253.
Corliss, C. T., 297.
Cornell, George B., 252.
Cortland County, N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Covert, Dr., loi.
Cowles, E. W., 179, 328.
Covvperthvi^aite, Allen C, 400.
Cragin, John. 343.
Craighead, James B., 369.
Crane, William, 341.
Crispell, Garrett D., 95.
Cropper, Charles, 181.
Cross, Edwin C, 392.
Cross, L. E., 382.
Cuba, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Cumberland County. Homo, in, 150.
Cummings, James M., 307.
Curran, William, 366.
Currie, Joseph C. 251,
Currier, Chris. B., 262.
Curtis, John Mitchell, 274.
Curtis, Joseph Thomas, 78.
Cuscaden, T. W., 181.
Gushing, Alvin M., 224.
Gushing, John J., 380.
Custis, J. B. Gregg, 315.
Cutler. William W., 218.
Cyriax. E. C. Bernard, 199, 356.
D
Daily, J. C. 422.
Dake, Chauncey M., 98.
Dake, Jabez P.. 370.
Dake, Jabez W., 102.
Dake, William C, 370.
Dakota. Homo, in, 418.
Dakota Homo. ]\Ied. Assn., 418.
Danforth. Willis, 354, 360.
Darby, Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Dart, J. M., 417.
Davies, John, 340. 355.
Davis, Augustus F., 395.
Davis, F. A. W., 173.
Davis, J. H. H., 376.
Davis, John W., 387.
Davis, Rev. Dr., 233.
DeDerky, Francis F.. 354.
DeGersdorff, E. Bruno, 222.
Delaware Co., N. Y., Homo, in, loi.
Delaware Co., Pa., Homo, in, 150.
Delaware, Homo. in. 269.
DeMoor. Apostle of Homoeopathy, 20.
Des Moines Homo. Clin. Soc, 386.
Detwiller, Henry. 128.
DeWolf. John J., 2'](>.
Dickinson. Wilmot H., 386.
Diederich, Peter. 415.
Dillingham, Thomas M., 310.
Dinsmore, J. B., 236.
Dispensaries in New York, 102.
Dispensaries in Pa., 157.
District of Columbia, Homo, in, 313.
Dodge, Lewis, 179, 326, 330.
Dodge, Moses, 306.
Dodge, Nathaniel, 386.
INDEX
Doran, Charles R., 370, 410.
Dornberg, A. G.. 393.
Douglas, James S., 338.
Dow, Frank E., 265.
Doy, John, 327, 414.
Drake, Elijah H., 329.
Dubs, Samuel R., 148.
Duffield, Alfred M., 343.
Duncan, Thomas C, 354.
Dunham, Dr., 391.
Duncombe, Charles S., 339.
Dunn, McCann, 357.
Dunnell, Henry Gale, 87.
Dunwody, William E., 335.
Dutcher, Benjamin C, 84.
Eastern Dist. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Eastern Ohio Homo. Med. Soc, 168.
Eaton, Morton M., 354.
Ebers, H., 365.
Edie, John J., 415.
Edmonds, W. A., 371. •
Edson, Susan Ann, 321.
Eels, Oliver J., 265.
Egbert. William A., 420.
Eggert, William A., 298.
Ehrhart, William J., 399.
Ehrmann, Benjamin, 173, 181.
Ehrmann, Ernest J., 151, 301.
Ehrmann, Francis, 150.
Ehrmann, Frederick, 151.
Ehrmann, Isedorich, 179.
Eldridge, Isaac N.," 326, 331.
EUiger, Dr. G., 149.
Ellis, Erastus R., 330.
Ellis, John, 326, 330.
Ellis, Sarah M., 410.
Ely, Elihu, loi.
Ensign, Chas. W., 208.
Erie Co., N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Erie Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Esrey, Wm. P., 152, 156.
Essex Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Essex Co., N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Esten, John, 381.
Evans, Charles H., 418.
Evans, J. W., 339-
Everett, Ambrose S., 408.
Fabiola Hospital, 380.
Fairchild, Stephen, 255.
Falk, Herman, 370.
Falligant, Louis A., 335.
Farley, Charles I., 393.
Farmington, Homo, in, 310.
Farnham. Llewellyn D., loi.
Fayette Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Fee, John, 366.
Fell, Ezra, 152.
Fetterman, Wilford W., 419.
Field, F. S., 97.
Finster, Frederick, 330.
Finster, Frederick, Sketch, c>3^.
Fischer of Brunn, Dr., 43.
Fisher, Charles E., 375.
Fiske, Isaac, 229.
Flagg, Josiah F., 215.
Fleniken, Dr., 366.
Florence Hospital, 58.
Florida, Homo, in, 410.
Florida State Homo. ]\Ied. Soc, 410.
Floto, John H., 143, 224, 382.
Folger, Robert B., 62.
Foote, Charles C, 203.
Foote, Elial Todd, 203.
Fornies, Dr., 95.
Foster, H. L., 360.
Fourteenth Dist. Homo. Med. Soc, 350.
Fowler, Samuel M., 410.
Franklin Co., Homo, in, 266.
Franklin, Edward C, 365, 387.
Franz, Karl Gottlob, 39.
Fraternity, Mass. Homo., 210.
Frazer, Edwin J., 380.
Frederick, Grand Duke of, invites Hahne-
mann to Coethen, 35.
Free Homo. Hosp., 364. •
Freeland, James C, 237.
Freeman, Alfred, 86.
Freeman, William K., 405.
Freligh, Martin, 95.
Freytag, Eberhard. 134.
Friederick, Dr., 376.
Fuller, Milton, 217.
Furgus Falls, State Hosp., 389.
Gale, Amory, 281.
Gale. Stephen M., 226, 235.
Gallup, William, 233, 307.
Gardiner, Daniel R., 246.
Garrettson, Jesse. 174.
Garrettson. Joseph. 174.
Garrique, Richard, 279.
Gatchell, Edwin A.. 406.
Gatchell, Horatio P., 180, 406.
Gause, Owen B.. 251, 414.
Gause. Percival O. B.. 414.
Geary. John F.. 380.
Gee, Rodman S.. 339.
Geiger, Rev. Jacob. 199.
Geist. Chris. Fred.. 144, 227.
Georgia, Flomo. in, 334.
German Central Homceopathic Union, 35.
Gifford, J. R.. 236.
Gilbert, Edward Aug., 358.
Gilbert, James B., 334.
Gilbert, Samuel H., 341.
Giles, Albert, 339.
INDEX
Gilman, John, 179.
Gilman, Martin, 396.
Glass, Robert, 189.
Gohier, Marie AI. d'H. Marriage with
Hahnemann, 2)1-
Good Samaritan Hosp., 364.
Goodrich, D. O., 329.
Goodwin, D. M., 392.
Goodwin, T. S., 310.
Gorham, G. E., 418.
Gosewisch, J. C., 271.
Gourhea. J., 154.
Gowanda State Homo. Hosp.. 52.
Grace Homo. Hosp., 201.
Grace •Homo. Med. Soc, 201.
Grace Hospital, 325.
Graham, David, 341.
Grainger, John, 364.
Gram, Hans Burch, life of, 60.
Gram. Hans Burch, the Pioneer of Homo'y
in America, 44.
Graves. Samuel \V., 230.
Gray, John F.. 67.
Great Britain, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Green, Daniel H., 280.
Green, George S., 202.
Green. Jonas, 145, 319.
Green. W. E., 422.
Greene, Nathaniel, 279, 281.
Gregg, Samuel. 210.
Gregg. Samuel, life of, 215.
Griswold, W. N., 380.
Gross. Gustav Wilhelm, 39.
Grove, Charles E.. 424.
Guernsey. Henry N.. 261.
Guernsey. William F., 261.
Guilbert, Edward A.. 387.
Gulby. John B.. 360.
H
Hadfield. J. H.. 422.
Haeseler. Charles, 144.
Hahnemann Acquires Great Wealth. 38.
Hahnemann, at Dessau. 25.
Hahnemann, at Georgenthal, 27.
Hahnemann, at Gommern, 26.
Hahnemann, at Hamburg. 28.
Hahnemann, at Hermanstadt, 24.
Hahnemann, at Konigshetter. 28.
Hahnemann, at Leipsic, 23, 26.
Hahnemann, at Molschleben, 28.
Hahnemann, Birth. 23.
Hahnemann Club. Terre Haute. 297.
Hahnemann, Death of His Wife, 35.
Hahnemann, Discoveries of, 18.
Hahnemann. Early Life and Education, 23.
Hahnemann. Family Misfortunes. 27.
Hahnemann, Fiftieth Birthday, 35.
Hahnemann, First Marriage, 25.
Hahnemann. His Character. 18.
Hahnemann. His Death, 38.
Hahnemann, His Dogma, 18.
Hahnemann, His New Principle, 28.
Hahnemann, His Organon, 29.
Hahnemann, Honorary Member of N. Y.
Co. Med. Soc, "jy.
Hahnemann Hosp., N. Y., 54.
Hahnemann Hosp., Scranton, 128.
Hahnemann, Lectures to His Disciples, 34.
Hahnemann Med. Soc. of the Old Do-
minion, 162.
Hahnemann Monument, 315.
Hahnemann, Persecution Renewed, 34.
Hahnemann, Personal Characteristics, 36.
Hahnemann, Poverty and Persecution, 29.
Hahnemann, Relations with His Pupils, 40.
Hahnemann, Removes to Dresden, 26.
Hahnemann, Removes to Paris, 38.
Hahnemann, Second Marriage, 37.
Hahnemann, Summoned to Court, 34.
Hahnemann, the Founder, 22.
Hahnemannian Society, 112.
Hale, Edwin M., 330.
Hale, Edwin M., Sketch, 331.
Hall, A., 95.
Hall, E. Bentley, 252.
Hall, S. S., 325-
Hallock, Lewis, 91.
Hamilton Co., Ohio, Homo, in, 177.
Hammond, H. H.. 414.
Hampden Homo. Hosp., 213.
Hand, Stephen D., loi.
Hardenstein, A. O. H., 396.
Hardin Co. Soc. of Homo. Phys., 386.
Hardy, James E., 199.
Hardy, Thos. L, 163.
Hargous Memo. Hahn. Hosp., 58.
Harlan, Caleb, 271.
Harlem Homo. Hosp. and Disp., 59.
Harris, C. F., loi.
Harris, Jerome, 236.
Harris, John T.. 223, 230.
Harris, Zina, 89.
Harsh. Philip, 369.
Hart. Charles N., 408.
Hartford. Homo, in, 201.
Hartmann, Franz, 40.
Hasbrouck, Joseph, 256.
Haseler, Henry, 400.
Haslam, D. B., 393.
Hastings, Charles, 329.
Hatch. Philo L., 391.
Hatfield, George T., 390.
Hawley, Liverus B., loi.
Hayward, Joseph Warren, 231.
Hayward, M. P., 202.
Haynel, Adolph F., 198.
Haves. Dr.. loi.
Hebber. W. W.. 235.
Helfrich. John Henry. 136.
Helfrich. Rev. Johannes, 136.
Helmuth, William Tod, 366.
6
INDEX
Hemingway, Dr., 399.
Henipel. Charles J., ^33-
Henry. Jolm H., 343.
Henry. John Hazard, 413.
Hering. Constantine, 138.
Hering, Constantine. a Latin Scholar, 139.
Hering, Constantine, Becomes a Natural-
ist, 139.
Hering, Constantine, Birth and Early Life,
138.
Hering, Constantine, Converted to Homoe-
opathy, 140.
Hering, Constantine, Goes to Philadelphia,
142.
Hering, Constantine, His Death. 143.
Hering, Constantine, Lands at Martha's
Vineyard, 142.
Hering. Constantine, Marriage, 142.
Hering, Constantine, Offends the King. 141.
Hering, Constantine, Practices in Para-
maribo, 141.
Hering, Constantine, Receives His Degree,
140.
Hering. Constantine, the Lachesis Snake,
Hering, Constantine, the Three Fates, 139.
Hering. Constantine. Visits Surinam, 140.
Herkimer County. N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Higgins. Sylvester B., 406.
Hill, Benj. L., 177.
Hill, George, 179.
Hill, Rev. Moses, 205.
Hill, Rev. Mr., 310.
Hill, Robert Louis. 387.
Hiller, Frederick, 381, 423.
Hines, Frank, 405.
Hobson, Joseph V.. 163.
Hoffendahl. Charles F., 94, 218.
Holcombe, William H., 192.
Holcombe. William H., 396.
Holland, H. N., 300.
Holt, Aaron P., 360.
Holt, Captain, 366.
Holt, Daniel. 202. 227.
Home, J. Lewis Crozer, 125.
Homo. Clin. Soc. of Md., 195.
Homoeopathic Clin. Soc. of Rock Island,
etc., 351.
Homoeopathic Fraternity of Mass.. 210.
HouKcopathic Hospital, Chicago, 351.
HouKjeopathic Hosp. for Chil.. 214.
Homoeopathic Hosp. of Essex Co., 242.
Homo. Hosp. for Insane at Allentown,
Pa., 118.
Homoeopathic Hospital at Leipsic, 37.
HomcEopathic Hosp., Minneapolis, 390.
Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 119.
Homfeopathic Hosp. and Ir. Sch., Kansas
City, 364.
Homoeopathic Hosp., Ward's Is!., 57.
HouKjeopathic Med. Acad., 49.
Homoeopathic Med. Assn. of Alabama, 342.
Homoeopathic Med. Assn. of Wabash Val.,
351-
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Camden, 241.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Del.. 269.
Homo. Med. Soc. of Eastern Ohio, 168.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of King Co., 424.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Mich., 324.
Homoeopathic ]\Ied. Soc. of No. Md. and
So. Mich.. 297.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Northern New
York. 49.
Homo. Med. Soc. of Ohio. 167.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Penna., 112.
Homoeopathic Med. Soc. of Tennessee, 370.
Homo. Med. and Surg. Hosp. of Pitts-
burgh, 122.
Homo. Med. and Surg. Hosp. of Reading,
123.
Homoeopathic Society of Central New
York, 49.
Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and
Cos. Adj., 113.
Homoeopathy in Alabama, 342.
Homoeopathy in Alaska, 420.
Homoeopathy in Arizona, 419.
Homoeopathy in Arkansas, 422.
Homoeopathy, Beginnings of, 17.
Homtx^opathy iii California, 377.
Homoeopathy in Colorado. 407.
Homoeopathy in Connecticut. 200.
Homoeopathy in the Dakotas. 418.
Homoeopathy in Delaware. 269.
Homoeopathy in District of Columbia, 315.
Homoeopathy in European Countries, 18.
Homoeopathy. First Use of the Name, 30.
Homoeopathy in Florida, 410.
Homoeopathy in Georgia, 334.
Homoeopathy in Idaho, 420.
Homoeopathy in Illinois, 345.
Homoeopathy in Indiana, 295.
Homoeopathy in Indian Ter., 424.
Homoeopathy in Iowa, 385.
Homoeopathy in Kansas, 414.
Homoeopathy in Kentucky. 283.
Homo, in Louisiana, 188.
Homoeopathy in Maine. 303.
Homo, in Maryland. 194.
Homoeopathy in Massachusetts, 210.
Homoeopathy in Michigan, 322'.
Homoeopathy in Minnesota. 389.
Homoeopathy in Mississippi, 395.
Homoeopathy in Missouri, 363.
Homoeopathy in Montana, 409.
Homoeopathy in Nebraska, 398.
Homoeopathy in Nevada, 423.
Homoeopathy in New Hampshire, 289.
Homoeopathy in New Jersey, 240.
Homoeopathy in New Mexico, 425.
Homoeopathy in New York, 44.
Homoeopathy in North Carolina, 405.
INDEX
HdiiKtopathy in Oliio. i66.
} lom(tO])atliv ill Oklalioma. 425.
1 fomojopalliy in Oregon. 412.
MomcEOpatliy in Fcnna., III.
Honi(Cf)patli\' in Rhode Island, 275.
HonKtopatliy in So. Carolina. 413.
lionKeopathy in Tennessee. 369.
HonKPopathy in Texas, 37^3.
lionKropatliy in Utah, 417.
lloiiKeopathy in Vermont, 258.
Vlomctopathy in Virginia, 162.
Homoeopathy in Washington. 424.
Homoeopathy West of Allegheny ^Its., 154.
Homoeopathy in West Virginia. 402.
Homoeopathy in Wisconsin, t^^j.
Homoeopathy in Wyoming. 417.
Hoppin. Conrtland. 280.
Hoppin. Washington. 2y~, 280.
Hornbnrg. Chris. Gottlob. 39.
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
of Md
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hosrita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Hospita
Penna.
Albany City Homo.. 54.
Brooklyn Homo., 53.
Brooklyn Maternity. 55.
Brooklyn Nursery and Inf'ts, 55.
Buffalo Homo., 55. 59. '
Chicago Baptist, 352.
Chicago City. 351.
Chicago Jiomo.. 351.
Children's of Boston, 214.
Children's Five Points House
53-
Children's of Philadelphia, 119.
Children's. St. Louis. 364.
Cleveland Homo.. 169.
Collin's State Homo.. 52.
Cook Co.. 352.
Fabiola of Oakland, 380.
Florence. 58.
Free Homo.. 364.
Good Samaritan, 364.
Good Samar. Dea., 57.
Gowanda State Homo., 52.
Grace. Detroit. 325.
Grace of New Haven, 201.
Hahnemann, Ladies' Aid Soc, 54.
Hahnemann, N. Y., 54.
Hahnemann at Scranton. 128.
Hampden Homo.. 213.
Hargon's Memo. Hahn.. 58.
Harlem Homo.. 59.
Homo, of Essex Co.. 242.
Homo, of Phila.. 119.
Isabella Helmuth, 57.
J. Lewis Crozer. 125.
Kansas City Homo.. 364.
Kansas Surg.. 415.
Laura Franklin Free. 57.
Maryland Homo.. 195.
Mass. Homo.. 213.
Med.. Surg, and Matern.. of
121.
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Chi
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
170
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Hosp
Memo, for Women and Chil.. 57.
Metropolitan. 56.
Middletown State Homo.. 51.
Minneapolis Homo., 390.
Mt. Vernon Homo., 59.
National Homo., 317.
Newburyport Homo., 214.
New Orleans, 189.
N. Y. Homo. Surg., 54, 57.
N. Y. Homo, for Women and
54-
s, Ohio, 168.
. Passaic Homo., 242.
, Penna. Homo., 119.
, Pittsburgh Homo.. 122.
. Portland ^leth.. 413.
, Rhode Island Homo., 276.
. Rochester Homo., 57.
. St. Luke's. 410.
, St. Luke's of Phila.. 125.
, St. Mary's Homo.. 242.
. St. Paul Homo.. 390.
. St. Vincent's. 169.
, Syracuse Homo.. 59.
, Toledo Prot.. 171.
, Utica Homo.. 59.
, Ward's Island, 57.
, West Jersey, 242.
, West Phila., 128.
, Wichita Homo., 415.
, Wm. McKinley Memo.* 242.
. Wilmington Homo.. 270.
for Women and Children, Ohio.
Hospital. Med. and Surg, of Reading. 123.
tal. Woman's Homo., St. Louis,
tal. Woman's Southern of Phila.,
tal, Worcester Homo.. 214.
tal. World's Fair Homo., 352.
tal, Yonkers Homo., 59.
Hotchkiss, Jesse Temple, 102.
Houghton, Milo G., 263.
Houghton, Thomas. 365.
House of Good Samar. Dea., 57.
Hoyt. Daniel O.. 174.
Hubbard. Henry C, 97.
Hubbard. Levi. 415.
Hudson Co. Homo. ]Med. Soc, 242.
Hudson River Homo. Med. Soc, 51.
Huff, E., 286.
Hughes, Alfred, 163, 402, 403.
Hughes, Eliza C, 402.
Hull. Amos Gerald, 72.
Humphreys, Erastus, 100.
Humphreys, Frederick. 100.
Humphrey. Gideon, 144.
Hunt, F. G., 344.
Hunt, Henry Francis, 248.
Hunt. James George. 173. i8r.
Hunt. R. S.. 154.
Hunt. Samuel P., 335.
Hunter. Rev. Wm., 403.
364-
125.
INDEX
Hunter, Thomas C, 301.
Hunter, W.. 154.
Huntington, T. Romayn, 392.
Hurlburt, Edwin T. M., 400.
Huson, Richard, lOi.
Hutawa, Charles, 367.
Hutchinson, James B., 302.
Hyde, W. A., 367.
Idaho, Homo, in, 420.
Ihm, Car], 137.
Illinois, Homo, in, 34.
Illinois State Homo. Med. Assn., 347.
Illinois Val. Homo. Med. Soc, 349.
Indiana County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Indiana, Homo in., 295.
Indiana Institute of Homo., 297.
Indianapolis Homo. Inst., 297.
Indian Territory, Homo, in, 424.
Inevarity, Dr., 344.
Ingalls. William, 219.
Ingersol, Dr., 407.
Ingerson, H. H., 383.
Inglis, George, 154.
Insane Asylum, Westboro, 212.
Iowa, Homo, in, 385.
Iowa Homo. Med. Assn., 386.
Isabella Helmuth Hosp., 57.
Isham. Henry, 206.
Italy, Homoeopathy in, 18.
Iverson, Rev. A. M., 341.
Jackson, Mercy B., 222.
Jackson, William F., 223.
Jamaica, Homceopathy in, 20.
James, Richard M., 387.
Jeanes, Jacob, 144.
Jefferson County, Pa., Homo, in., 154.
Jeffords, George P., 308, 312.
Jeffries, Charles, 327.
Jewett, John R., z^y.
Jewett, John R., Sketch, 331.
J. Lewis Crozer Home and Hosp., 125.
Johnson, Daniel A., 223.
Johnson, James D., 202.
Johnson, Perry E., 358.
Johnston, James, 420.
Jones, Elisha Utley, 230.
Jones, Erasmus D., 98.
Jones, Samuel Arthur, 253.
Joslin, Benj. Fr., 90.
Judkins, Charles W., 408.
K
Xankakee and DesPlaines Val. Homo. Med.
Assn., 350.
Kansas City Homo. Hosp., 364.
Kansas, Homo, in, 414.
Kansas Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Kansas Surg. Hosp., 415.
Keep, Lester, 205.
Kellogg, Edward W., 202.
Kellogg, George M., 369.
Kentucky, Homo, in, 283.
Kentucky State Homo. Aled. Soc, 283.
Kimball, Daniel S., 97.
Kings County, N. Y., Homo, in, 99.
Kirby, Stephen Reynolds, 78.
Kirkpatrick, Alex., 253.
Kitchen, James, 147.
Kittinger, Leonard, 273.
Knapp, Franklin L., loi.
Knapp, H.. 326.
Knight, Elam C, 206.
Knight, E. C, 236.
Knorr, Louis, 335.
Koers, J. H., 375.
Koller, Baron Francis, 42.
Kuchler, Johanna, First Wife of Hahne-
mann, 25.
Kuechler, Karl F., 356.
Kiimmel. Ernest R., 339.
Kyle, Dr., 179.
L-'
Ladies' Aid Soc. of Hahn. Hosp., 54
Lafon, Thomas, 244.
Lamb, C. A., 325.
LaMoille Co., Homo, in, 266.
LaMunyon. Ira W^. 400.
Lancaster county, Pa., Homo, in, 151.
LaSalle Co.. Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Laura Franklin Free Hosp. for Children,
57-
Lawton, Charles H., 274.
Lebanon County, Pa., Homo, in, 153.
Leech, J. Stuart, 153.
Leech, J. W., 179.
Leipsic, Homoeopathic Hospital, 37.
Leritz, Jacob, 147.
Leon. Alexis, 190.
Leonard, William H., 392.
Lewis County, N. Y., Homo, in, 98.
Lewis, Edwin W., lOi.
Lewis, Emlin, 399.
Lexington, Homo, in, 367.
Lillie, Rev. James, 95.
Lindsay. Albert, 223.
Lingen, George, 147, 343.
Linn Co., Homo. IMed. Soc, 386.
Linnell, J. E.. 235.
Lippe, Adolph, 153.
Livingston County, N. Y., Homo. in. 98.
Loguc. John D.. 374.
Lord, Israel S. P., 357-
Louisiana, Homo, in, 188.
Lounsbury, George, 404.
INDEX
<)
Lovejoy, Ezekiel, loo, 153.
Ludlam, Reuben, 353.
Lund, Dr. Hans Chris., 42.
Lund, Oscar F., 252.
Lux, Wilhelm, Veterinarian Homoeopa-
thist, 41.
Lyon, Irving M., 202.
Lytle, Randal M., 370.
M
Madison County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Maine, Homo, in, 303.
Maine Homo. Med. Soc, 304.
Mann, Thos. H., 279.
Mansa, Edward, 150.
Mansfield, Wm. Q., 415.
Manter, N. H., 176.
Marion Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Marix, Martin M., 407, 415.
Marsden, John H., 153.
Marsh, Anna E. P., 408.
Marsh, Horatio R., 421.
Marston, Mortimer, 386.
Martin, Joseph, 189.
Marvin, S., 154.
Maryland Homo. Hosp., 195.
Maryland, Homo, in, 194.
Maryland 'State Homo. Med. Soc. 194.
Massachusetts, Early Physicians, 238.
Massachusetts Homo. Hosp., 213.
Massachusetts, Homo, in, 210.
Massachusetts Homo. Med. Soc, 210.
Materia Medica Pura, Presented to the
World, 33.
Maternity Hosp., Minneapolis, 390.
Matlack, Charles F., 137.
Matthes, Gustavus F., 229.
May, Robert, 152.
McAffee, Edwin M., 360.
McCanless, W. W., 406.
McCarthy, Lewis, 96.
McCheeney, Alfred B., 354, 358.
McClure, W. B., 402.
McGeorge, Wallace, 253.
Mclntire, Dr., 343.
McKinley Memo. Hosp., 242.
McManus, Felix R., 196.
^McNeil, Daniel, 252.
^IcVickar, John Aug., 90.
Medical Investigation Club, 195.
Medical Science Club of Chicago, 351.
Medical Society, Baltimore Homo., 195.
Medical Society, Caledonia Co., 259.
Medical Society, Calif. State, 378.
^ledical Society, Camden Homo., 241.
Medical Society, Central Ills. Homo., 349.
Medical Societj', Central N. Y., 49.
Medical Society, Chicago Homo., 349.
Medical Society, Clinical of Balto., 195.
Ixledlcal Society, Colorado State, 407.
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
113-
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
and Cos. Adj.,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
!Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Societj^
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
INIedical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
297.
Medical Society,
shire, 289.
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Aledical Society,
IMedical Society,
^Medical Society,
^ledical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
Medical Society,
IMedical Society,
Medical Societv.
Communipaw, 241.
Conn. State, 200.
Cook Co. Homo., 349.
County and Local in Pa.,
Delaware Homo., 269.
Eastern Dist. Homo., 241.
Eastern Ohio, 168.
Essex Co. Homo., 241.
Florida State, 410.
Fourteenth Dist., 350.
Grace of New Haven, 201.
Hahnemannian, 112.
Homo, of Alabama, 342.
Homo, of Northampton
113-
Homo, of Penna., 112.
Hudson Co. Homo., 242.
Hudson River Homo., 51.
Illinois State Homo., 347.
Illinois Valley, 349.
Indiana Institute, 297.
Kansas Homo., 415.
Kentucky State, 283.
La Salle Co. Homo., 351.
Maine Homo., 304.
Maryland State, 194.
Mass. Homo., 210.
Medico-Chirurgical, 50.
IMichigan Homo., 324.
IMilitary Tract, 349.
Miss. State Homo., 395.
Nebraska State, 398.
New Hampshire, 289.
New Haven, 201.
New Jersey State, 241.
N. Y. Homo., 48, 82.
Northern Ills. Homo., 349.
N. Ind. and S. Mich., 297.
Northern Indiana Inst,
Northern New Hamp-
Northern New York, 49.
N. W. Ills. Homo., 351.
Ohio Homo., 167.
Old Dominion, 162.
Oregon State. 412.
Pacific of Cal., 379.
Rhode Island Homo., 276.
Rockford Homo., 351.
Southern, 188.
Southern Tier, 50.
Tennessee Homo., 370.
Terre Haute. 297.
Topeka Homo., 415.
Vermont Homo., 258.
Washington Homo., 317.
Washington State, 424.
Wayne Co. Homo., 297.
Western Dist. N. J., 241.
10
INDEX
Medical Society, Western Kentucky, 284.
Medical Society, Western N. Y., 50.
Medical Society. West Va., 163.
Medical Society, Wisconsin State, 338.
Medical Society, Women's of Chicago, 351.
Med., Surg, and Matern. Hosp., 121.
Medico-Chirurgical Society of Central New
York. 50.
Melrose, James. 358.
Memorial Hosp. for Women and Chil., 57.
Mercer County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Mercer, William M., 375.
Merrill, John, 312.
Merrill. S. A., 387.
]\Ierriman, Charles L., 328.
Metropolitan Hosp. on Blackwell's Isl., 56.
Michigan, Homo, in, 322.
Middleton, John D., 404.
Middleton, R. S., 244.
Middletown State Homo. Hosp., 51.
Military Tract Homo. Med. Soc, 349.
Miller, Adam, 173.
Miller, Adam, 354, 359.
Miller, A., 408.
Miller, A. C, 403.
Miller, John J., 419.
Minneapolis Homo. Hosp.. 390.
Minneapolis Matem. Hosp., 390.
Minnesota, Homo, in, 389.
Minnesota State Homo. Inst., 390.
Minter, Samuel, 190. ^
Mississippi, Homo, in, 395.
Missouri Homoeopathic Inst., 364.
Missouri, Homo, in, 363.
Missouri Inst, of Homo., 364.
Moffat, Reuben Curtis,. 102.
IMoffit, Elizabeth, 364.
Montana, Homo, in, 409.
Monument to Hahnemann, 315.
Moore, G. T., 154.
Moore, John D., 244.
Moore, J. Murray, 381.
Morgan, John C, 358.
Morgan, J. H., 372.
Morgan, Louis A., loi.
Morgan, W. L., 402.
Morrill, Alpheus, 175.
Morris, M., 415.
Morrison, H. J., 419.
Morse, Nathan R., 225.
Morton, Lucien H., 203.
Mosher, John, 325.
Mosher, John, Biog., 331.
Mount Vernon Homo. Hosp., 59.
Muhlenbein, Dr. Geo. A. H., 42.
Mulford, Charles W., 255.
Mi.iller, Moritz Wilhelm, 42.
Munger, Erastus A., 100.
iMunsey, Barton, 405.
Murphy, William, 287.
Murrell, William J., 343.
N
National Homo. Hosp., 317.
Nebraska, Homo, in, 398.
Nebraska State Homo. Med. Soc, 398.
Negendank. August, 272.
Neidhard. Charles, 147.
Nevada, Homo, in, 423.
Newburyport Homo. Hosp., 214.
Newell, William H.. 252.
New Hampshire, Homo, in, 289.
New Hampshire Homo. Med. Soc, 289.
New Haven, Homo, in, 202.
New Haven Homo. Med. Soc, 201.
New Jersey. Homo, in, 240.
New Jersey State Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
New Mexico, Homo, in, 425.
New Orleans, Homo, in, 189.
New Orleans, Pharmacies, 192.
Newton, Charles, 253.
New York City, Early Homos., 99.
New York Homo. Hosp. for Women and
Chil., 54.
New York, Homoeopathy in, 44.
New York Homoeopathic Medical Society,
48.
New York Homo. Society, 82.
New York Homo. Surg. Hosp., 54, 57.
New York State Sch. for Tr. Nurses, 55.
Niagara County, N. Y., Homo. in. loi.
Nichols, Lemuel B., 234.
Nichols, Z. B., 390.
North American Acad, of the Homo.
Healing Art, 114.
North Carolina, Homo, in, 405.
Northeastern Iowa Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Northern 111. Homo. Med. Assn.. 349.
Northern Indiana Homo. Inst., 297.
Northern N. H. Homo. Med. Soc, 289.
North Mo. Val. Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Northrup, Daniel W., 202.
Northwestern Ills. Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Novelle, Orleans, Soc. Hahn,, 188.
O
Oakland Homo. Hosp. and Disp. Assn.,
380.
Ober, Benjamin, 377.
Ober, Levi E., 340, 357.
Ockford, George M., 253.
O'Dell, Charles M., 329-
Oehme, Ferdinand, 222.
Ohio Homo. Hosps., 168.
Ohio, Homo, in, 166.
Ohio, Homo. Med. Soc, 167.
Ohio Hosp. for Women and Chil., 170.
Oklahoma, Homo, in, 425.
Okie, Abraham H., 275.
Old Dominion, Hahn. Med. Soc, 162.
Olds, E. R, 326.
INDEX
11
Olipliant, D. S., 191.
Orange County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Orange Co., Vt.. Homo, in, 267.
Orcutt. Hiram C, 259.
Ordway, L. S., 422.
Oregon, Homo. in. 412. ,
Oregon State Homo. Med. Soc, 412.
Organon. It.s Fir.st Appearance, 29.
Orleans County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102.
Ornie. Francis H., 334.
Osborne. James H., 204.
Osgood, David, 221.
Owens, William. t8i.
Pacific Homo. Med. Soc, 379.
Pahl, H. F., 376.
Paine, Henry i)elavan, 84.
Paine, Horace M., 102.
Paine, Joseph P., 223.
Palmer, Walter C, 89.
Parker, Henry C, Z7i-
Parkhurst, Charles B., 259.
Parlin, Louis, 275.
Parsons, Ephraim, 358.
Parsons, George R., 375.
Parsons, William H., 415.
Passaic Homo. Hosp., 242.
Patton, J. H., 164.
Paulson, Dr., 380.
Payne, John, 307.
Payne, William E., 305.
Peabody, Adams, 387.
Peabody, Ira W., loi.
Peacock, Thomas, 247.
Pearce, Henry, 340. "
Pearson, Clement, 386.
Peck, William, 174.
Pelton, Harrison S.. 420.
Pelton, Sylvester, 101.
Penniman, William. 392.
Penna. Homo. Hosp. for Chil., 119.
Pennsylvania, Homo, in, iii.
Pennsylvania, Old Practitioners in, 160.
Perkins, Robert S., 163.
Perrine, George W.. 339.
Perrine, James K., 420.
Perry, J. D., 325.
Peterson, James, 290.
PfeifTer, Geo. S. F., 147, 249.
Pfonts, John S.. 339. 413.
Pharmacies in New York State, 102.
Pharmacies in Ohio. 185.
Philadelphia, List of Old Homo. Practi-
tioners, 159.
Phillips, Albert W.. 2aS.
Pike, A. J., 261.
Piper, John, 317.
Pitney, Aaron, 345.
Pittsburgh, Homo, in, 153.
Plumbe, E. O., 418.
Polk Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Pollock, Alex., 360.
Pomeroy, Thomas F., Sketch, 331.
Pond, L W., 154.
Pope, Gustavus W., 319.
Porter, David C, 154.
Porter, Isaac G., 202.
Porter, Maria W., 387.
Porter, William W., 357.
Portland Meth. Hosp., 413.
Potter, E., 356.
Powers, David C. 330.
Practitioners in New York, Early, 104.
Practitioners in Penna., 160.
Practitioners in Phila., 159.
Pratt, Leonard, 153, 358.
Pratt, S. Milton, 415.
Prentice, Nathan Fay, 359.
Pretsch, Dr., 154.
Price, Dr., 174.
Price, E. H., 372.
Provers' Union, 38.
Provers' Union and Mat. Med. Club, 351.
Pulsifer, Moses R., 310.
Pulsifer, Nathan G. H., 310.
Pulte, Joseph H., 152, 171.
Pyburn, George, 408.
Q
Quin. James M., 92.
Quinby, Watson Fell, iji.
R
Raue, Charles G., 230.
Ravold, Jacques, 366.
Raymond, Jonas C, 383.
Rea, Albert, 312.
Reading Homo. Hosp., 123.
Reed, Maro Mch., 358.
Reichhelm, GustaVus, 154.
Reid, Fidelia R. H., 340.
Reinhold, C. G., 150.
Reisner. J. C., 153.
Rensselaer County, N. Y., Homo, in, 97.
Rend, William R.. 382.
Rhees, Morgan John, 245.
Rheiwinkle, F. H., 177.
Rhode Island Homo. Hosp., 276.
Rhode Island, Homo, in, 275.
Rhode Island Homo. Med. Soc, 276.
Rich, Jane A., 266.
Richards, George W., 244.
Richmond, B. W., 175.
Richter, F. L.. 418.
Richter, Moritz, 380.
Ring, Hamilton, 180.
Rivera, D., 376.
Roberts, Francis A., 308.
Roberts, Jacob, 308.
12
INDEX
Robinson, Henry D., 255.
Robinson, Horatio, 95.
Robinson, Lucy, 400.
Robinson, Samuel A., 154.
Roche, Manning B., 228.
Rochester Homo. Hosp., 57.
Rockford Homo. Med. Soc, 351.
Rock River Inst, of Homo., 350.
Rockwell, R. W., 205.
Rodman, Wm. W., 206.
Rogers, Smith, 329.
Romig, George M., 135.
Romig, John, 135.
Romig, William H., 135.
Rosa, Lemuel K., 183.
Rosa, Storm, 182.
Rosenstein, L G., 283.
Rossman, Robert, 98.
Routh, G. E., zy^.
Royer, Dr., 375.
Rueckert, Ernst Ferd., 40.
Runner, Reuben C., 367.
Russell, George, 232.
Rutherford, C. E., 301.
Rutland Co., Homo, in, 267.
Rutter, J. C, 154.
Saal, Gerhard, 176.
Sabine, L., 325.
St. Luke's Homo. Hosp., 125.
St. Luke's Hosp., 410.
St. Mary's Homo. Hosp., Passaic, 242.
St. Paul Homo. Hosp., 390.
St. Vincent's Hosp., 169.
Sanborn, Beniah, 263.
Sanborn, J. M., 263.
Sanborn, John, 264.
Sandicky, Dr., 305.
Sanford, Charles E., 204.
Sanford, Edward, 235.
San Francisco Co. Soc. of Homo. Practi-
tioners, 380.
San Francisco Surg, and Gynec. Inst., 380.
Saunders, Chas. F., 278.
Savage, A. M., 102.
Sawin, Isaac W., 281.
Sawyer, Alfred I., Sketch, 332.
Sawyer, Bcnj. E., 236.
Saxenburger, F., 399.
Saynisch, Lewis, 149.
Schafer, Dr., 343.
Scheurer, P., 143.
Schlagel, Dr., 174.
Schley, James M., 334.
Schmidt, Jacob, 144, 198.
Schmoelc, William, 144.
Schue, John, 202.
Schuyler County, N. Y., Homo, in, loi.
Scott Co, Homo. INIed. Soc, 386.
Scott, Dr.. 154.
Scott, M. L., 407.
Searles, Samuel, 154.
Sears, R. H., Reminiscences, 301.
Seidlitz, George M., 387.
Sel fridge, J. M., 382.
Shackford, Rufus, 307.
Shawnee Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Shearer, Thomas, 414.
Sheffield, Henry, 369.
Shepherd, Alfred, 177.
Shepherd, David, 175.
Sheppard, Wm. R., 254.
Sherman, John H., 237.
Shipman, George E., 353, 355.
Shivers, Bowman H., 247.
Sieze, Emanuel, 94.
Similia Similibus Curantur, Principle of,
22.
Sisson, Edward R., 229.
Sisson, William H. H., 399.
Sioux City Homo. Med. Assn., 386.
Skeels, Alfred P., 393.
Skiff, Charles H., 202.
Skiff. Chas. W., 203.
Skiff, Paul C, 203.
Slye. Lawton C, 340.
Small, Alvan E., 150.
Smith, David S., 345.
Smith, D. S., 357.
Smith, Eugene, 422.
Smith, F. S., 154.
Smith, John Elisha, 400.
Snow, Robert A., 179.
Societe Hahn. De La N. Orleans, 188.
Society of Homo. Pract., 380.
Society of Homo. Phys. of Iowa, 386.
Sook, Henry L., 176.
South Carolina, Homo, in, 413.
Southern Cal. State Asy. for Insane and
I neb., 380.
Southern Homo. Med. Assn., 188.
Southern Kan. Homo. Med. Assn., 415.
Southern Tier Homo. Med. Soc, 50.
Spain, Homoeopathy in, 20.
Sparhawk, George E. F., 262.
Sparhawk, Samuel H., 263.
Spaulding, Dr., 99, 364.
Spencer, Nathan, 98.
Sperry, Dr., 390.
Spooner, John P., 216.
Spranger, F. X., 154.
Springer, C. F., 375.
Stapf, Johann Ernst, 38.
Starr, Edward W., 335.
Starrett, Simon P., 393.
State Asylum for Insane, Mo., 364.
State Homo. Med. Soc. of Miss., 395.
Stearns, Daniel Edward. T},.
Stegemann, Dr., 42.
Steinestel, J. D., 365.
Stevens, Charles A., 98.
INDEX
Stevens, Grenville S., 277.
Stevens, Porter, 383.
Stewart, David G., 300.
Stewart, Jerry W., 415.
Stewart, Walter, 91, 396.
Stone, Henry E., 205.
Storke, Eugene F., 408.
Stout, Henry Rice, 410.
Stratton, C. W., 236.
Streeter, George D., ^j'jd, 399.
Sturdevant, Thomas, 254.
Sturm, William, 171.
Suffolk County, N. Y., Homo, in, 102. .
Swain, Marcus, 340.
Swan, Daniel, 216.
Swazey, George W., 226.
Sweden, Homoeopathy in, 19.
Swinney, John G., 273.
Syracuse and Utica Com. of Homo. Phys.
100.
Syracuse Homo. Hosp., 59.
T
Tacoma Homo. Acad, of Med., 424.
Taft, Cincinnatus A., 201.
Taft, Gustavus M., 201.
Tantum, Joseph R., 274.
Taplin, T. C, 259.
Tarbell, John Adams, 219.
Taxil, L. V. M., 189.
Taylor, Charles, 201.
Taylor, Charles W., 234.
Taylor, Dr. George, 201.
Taylor, John, 92.
Taylor, Oliver B., 204.
Temple, John, 363.
Temple, Peter, 367.
Tennessee, Homo, in, 369.
Terre Haute Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Texas, Homo, in, 2)1})-
Texas Homo. Med. Assn., 2,^2,-
Tifft, John, 176.
Tioga County, Pa.. Homo, in, 149.
Thayer, David, 221.
Thayer, S. B., 327.
Thayer, S. B., Biog., 331.
The Dakotas, Homo, in, 418.
Thomas, Wm. Way, 273.
Thompson, Greenfield, 310.
Thorp, John H., loi.
Thorne, Joshua, 366.
Thorne, L., 406.
Todd, W. S., Sr., loi.
Toledo Protestant Hosp., 171.
Tomlinson, Rev. Mr., 222.
Topeka Homo. Med. Soc, 415.
Tracy, L. M., 96, 338.
Train, Horace Dwight, 223.
Trinks, Dr. C. F., 41.
Troyer, Moses, 355.
Tucker, S. Giles, 202.
Tyson, Dr., 367.
U
Ulrich, Dr., 343.
Utah, Homo, in, 417.
Utah Homo. Med. Assn., 417.
Utica Homo. Hosp., 59.
V
Vail, Ira, 364.
Vail, J., 190.
Van Beuren, Louis Folk, 78.
Van Buren, L. H., 295.
Vanderburgh, Federal, 79.
Van Deusen, H. A., 237.
Van Deusen, James M., 261.
Van Dusen, A., 327.
Vastine, Thomas J., 364.
Veith, Prof. S., 41.
Venango County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
\"erdi. Giro S., 321.
Verdi, Tullio S., 320.
Vermont, Homo, in, 258. '
Vermont Homo. Med. Soc, 258.
Vinal, L. G., 255.
Virginia, Homo, in, 162.
Virginia, Old Phys. of, 164.
Voak, John Emory, 357.
von Gottschalk, Wm., 281.
W
Wager, Sanford, 265.
Waggoner, Calvin C., 388.
Wahlenberg, Dr. George, Introduces
Hom'y in Sweden, 19.
Wakeman, John A., 360.
Walkenbarth, Dr., 366.
Walker, Amos, 326.
Walker, Charles, 222.
Walker, George S., 2^6.
Walker, L., 400.
Walthall, Dr., 164.
Walther, Edward, 388, 391.
Ward, Isaac M., 242.
Ward, Walter, 245.
Ward's Island Homo. Hosp., 57.
Warner, Nash Hull, 97.
Washington Co., Pa., Homo, in, 154.
Washington, D. C, Homo, in, 315.
Washington Homo. Med. Soc, 317.
Washington, Homo, in, 424.
Washington Medical and Surgical Club,
317.
Washington State Homo. Med. Soc, 424.
W'auke, Dr.. 152.
Way, Jacob H., 399.
Wayne Co. Homo. Med. Soc, 297.
Wayne County, Pa., Homo, in, 154.
14
INDEX
Weber, Charles S., 392.
Webster, Elias, 179.
Webster, H. D. L., 422.
Webster, William, 179.
Wedelstaedt, H., 390.
Weisicker, Dr., 383.
Weld. Chris. M., 219.
Wellman, Washington I., loi.
Wells, Phineas P., 93.
Werder, Max J., 154.
Werder, Maximilian, 382.
Westboro Asylum for Insane, 212.
West, Edwin, 154.
West Jersey Homo. Hosp., 242.
West Phila. Homo. Hosp. and Disp., 128
West Virginia, Homo, in, 402.
West Virginia Homo. Med. Soc, 163.
Wesselhoeft, Robert, 134, 233.
Wesselhoeft, William, 132, 218.
Western Dist. N. J. Homo. Med. Soc, 241.
Western Ky. Homo. Med. Soc., 284.
Western New York Homo. Med. Soc. 50.
Wheat, John N., 392.
Wheaton, P. M.. 327, 369.
Wheeler. John, 174.
White. Isaiah, 417.
White. Wm. H., 329.
Whitehead, Coburn, 149.
Whitfield, N. C, 418.
Whitman, Joshua A., 413.
Whitman, Marcus, 412.
Whittier, Daniel B., 237.
Whittle, Joshua F., 290.
Wichita Homo. Hosp., 415.
Wicstling, Dr., 154.
Wigand, Henry, 179.
Wilcox. George D., 281.
Wild, Charles, 216.
Wilder, Daniel, 229.
Wilkinson, Ross M., 246.
Williams, Chas. D.. 179.
Williams, George W., 376.
Williams, John A., 370.
Williams, Nancy T., 310.
Williams, Savina L., 387.
Williamson, Walter, 150.
Williamson, Walter M., 340.
Wilmington Homo. Hosp., 270.
Wilmington Med. Club, 270.
Wilsey, Ferd. Little, 63.
Wilson, Abraham Duryea, 70.
Wilson, G. Herrick, 206.
Wilson, Pusey. 247.
Windham Co., Homo, in, 267.
Winslow, Caroline B., 321. ■
Vv^isconsin, Homo, in, 337.
Wisconsin Institute of Homo., 338.
Wisconsin State Homo. Med. Soc, 338.
Wislicenus, W. E., 40.
Witherill, A. A., loi.
Witherill. Edwin C, 173.
Wolf, Dr. Paul, 41.
Woman's Homo. Hosp., St. Louis, 364.
Women's Homo. Med. Soc. of Chicago. 351.
Woman's Infirmary Assn. of Wash. Hts.,
54-
Woman's So. Homo. Hosp. of Phila., 125.
Wood, John Gage, 225.
Wood, Orlando S., 399.
Woodbury Co., Homo. Med. Soc, 386.
Woodruff, Francis, 329.
Woodruff, William L., 419.
Woodvine, Denton G., 234.
Woodward. Edward P., 204.
Worcester Homo. Hosp., 214.
Worcester, Samuel, 265.
World's Fair Homo. Emerg. Hosp., 352.
Wright, A. J., 422.
Wright, A. S., 382.
Wright, Augustus S., 297, 398.
Wright, Clark, 84.
Wright. Nathaniel Van W., 424.
Wyoming, Homo, in, 417.
Yonkers Homo. Hosp., 59.
Youlin, John J., 251.
History of Homoeopathy
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
ITS INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA
CHAPTER I
The Subject Introduced — Discovery in IMedical Science — Brief Allusion to the Founder —
Homoeopathy in Germany — Bohemia — Austria — Russia — France — Italy — America —
Sweden — Great Britain^Spain — Belgium — Cuba.
The discovery of glaring and inexctisable inconsistencies in the practice
and administration of medicine during the last quarter of the eighteenth
century led to the promulgation of a safer method of cure than the world
had before known. It is said that evolution and development were the talis-
manic watchwords of the nineteenth century, during which were made the
greatest strides in advancement in the arts and sciences that the world had
known in all history, and that among the thousands of remarkable discov-
eries which marked that century most of them dated within the last half
thereof. This may be true, and if it is homoeopathy is to be credited to the
advances in medical science of the preceding century, and to have attained
its greatest degree of development and perfection during the last fifty years.
Homa-opathy at the beginning of the twentieth century rests on the solid
fundamental principle established by its founder more than a hundred years
ago, and from that beginning has advanced in every conceivable direction,
keeping even step with the grand march of progress in every branch of
science throughout all subsequent time.
It was not that Hahnemann was raised up for his special mission in life ;
he was born and raised and trained as were others of his time ; in childhood
and youth endowed with mental qualities as were those with whom he asso-
ciated, not more gifted than they, perhaps, but, unlike them, was possessed
of a studious mind, an inquiring nature, and he loved the companionship of
his books more than the pleasures of idle hours, and far more than he loved
his father's workshop, v/here he was sought to be kept with the brushes and
paints and porcelain wares until he was skilled in the art of his father. But
whatever the environment of his youth, his early advantages in education
and his ultimate determination to enter tipon the life of a physician, Hahne-
mann was in many respects a remarkable man, and what he did was only the
right employment of the talents with which he had been endowed by nature
and directed by circumstances.
It has been said with much truth that the early history of homoeopathy
in Germany was only the history of Hahnemann's life in that country, the
18 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
story of which is told by Bradford in these pages, as it has been told by hun-
dreds of other commentators. " It is easy to show," Ptihlitian says of Hahne-
mann, " that when he advanced his new doctrine he not only made opposi-
tion to the spirit of that time, but that he necessarily paid a tribute to the
latter by plantmg the roots of the new system into the old soil. We know
from his biography that he withdrew in disgust from the old shallow mode
of practice and devoted iiimself for some time to the study of chemistry."
To appreciate the worth of Hahnemann's character one must also know
something of the condition of medicine in his time, but a thorough study of
this subject leads into a limitless field, dangerous and uncertain even to
the cautious logician of the twentieth century, for the greatest achievements
in this particular branch of science are credited to the last fifty years. This
is true not only of the homoeopathic school, but as well of the so-called (by
themselves) regular school.
But the opponents of the doctrine propounded by Hahnemann, and im-
proved upon and elaborated by his more modern followers, never have
regarded homcEopathy in the light of advanced medical science, and with
the truth before them of the enlightened age in which they live, still charac-
terize the principles of siniilia similihus ciirantiir as one of the fallacies of
a former era ; but they practice it, at times consult its " dogmatic " theories,
and liaving intelligently investigated and compared it with the teachings
under which they themselves were schooled, they are frequently led to accept
its truths and employ them in practice. It is a fact that in America to-day
just about one-sixth part of the medical practitioners employing the agencies
of cure taught exclusively in homoeopathic schools are graduates of- allo-
pathic colleges, and that notwithstanding the fact that of the hundred schools
of medical instruction in America onlv one-fifth of them are distinctly homoe-
opathic in teaching.
Hahnemann propounded his startling dogma in Germany in 1790, after
which the new school passed through many wonderful and prolonged tests,
trials and opposition before it was recognized and tolerated in other countries.
But the seed had been sown in fertile German soil, grew there and flour-
ished, and eventually spread out its branches into other lands. According
to Altschul, the new doctrine was introduced in Bohemia in 1817, and in
the next year Veith, the great nestor, had his attention directed to it by
Krastiansky. the famous army surgeon. In Austria it found lodgment in
1819, with Gossncr practicing in Oberhollabrun and Mussek in Seafeld. but
in the same year Emperor Francis I ordered that " Dr. Hahnemann's homoe-
opathic method of cure should be generally and strictly forbidden;" but the
prohibition was only temporary. In Russia the system was first introduced
by laymen as early as 1823, and soon afterward Dr. Adams, the friend of
Hahnemann, began practice in St. Petersburg. France caught the infection
in 1830. when the new doctrine found there its first expounder in Count des
Guidi, a doctor of medicine, doctor of science, and inspector of the Uni-
versity at Lyons, who had occasion to consult de Romani, a homoeopathic
physician of great reputation in Naples.
In writing of the introduction of homoeopathy into Italy, Dadea, M.D.
of Turin, says the seed was sown in the soil of Naples by the Austrians
who entered that citv in March, 1821, "to deprive its noble inhabitants of
the liberty they had gained bv the revolution of the same year. The general
in command of the army of occupation, Baron Francis Koller, a devoted
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
19
friend of homaopathy, presented to the Royal Academy of Naples a copy
of Hahnemann's Organon and Materia Medica, inviting them to make use
of it for the benefit of conscience and humanity."
Gram carried the new system on his voyage to America in 1825, when
he set foot on the soil of New York, then, as now, the first city in the land,
and he the first exponent of the doctrine, a scholar, teacher, and in every
respect a gentleman, but not well calculated to combat the prejudices of
those who made war on his principles. This was the home-coming of Gram,
but the tidings he bore found no warm welcome on this side of the Atlantic.
Further than this it does not become this chapter to treat of homceopathy in
Dr. Johann Ernst Stapf.
America, that being the principal subject of the greater work of which these
comments arc only introductory.
The honor of having introduced homoeopathy in Sweden is accorded to
Dr. George Wahlenberg, a professor in the University of Upsala, whose
duties required him to lecture on the subjects of botany and pharmacia and
organica, and who in order to qualify himself for his work felt bound to
study the few homoeopathic books then extant; and having studied them,
he became convinced of their rational truth, although he himself never prac-
ticed the new system. This honor fell to Leidbeck and Souden. whose first
proselyte was Sonderberg, the eminent botanist and ornithologist, who had
settled in the little ancient town of Sigtuna.
Kerr, :M.D. of Cheltenham, in his historical narrative savs that although
Hahnemann published his Organon of Medicine as far back' as 1810, it was
20 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
not until 1826 that professional notice of homoeopathy was taken in Great
Britain, when at a meeting of the Medical Society of London in that year
the subject was introduced, inquired into, voted upon, and " dropped ;" a
most natural result when the condition of the medical profession in the
United Kingdom at that time is considered. In the next year, however,
there settled in London Frederic F. Quin, physician and one of the suite of
Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg. Quin had studied homoeopathy in Ger-
many, practiced it in Naples, and had the honor of introducing it in England.
But Quin, on account of his presumption in practicing in England without
license from that august body, the censors of the Royal College of Physicians,
was brought to bar by them, threatened with penalties, but not giving heed
to these admonitions was left severely alone to pursue his own pleasure in
undisturbed peace. Later on, however, homoeopathy came under the ban
of persecution in Great Britain and was subjected to a series of bitter attacks,
but withstood them all and emerged from the contest stronger and better
than ever before.
" In 1829 there came to Madrid," says the narrative of the homoeopathic
society of the Spanish capital city, " a royal commission sent by the King
of Naples to attend the marriage of Donna Maria Christina with Don Ferdi-
nand VII, to which commission Dr. Horatiis, a practitioner of homoeopathy,,
was attached as physician. But as his stay in Spain was short he left no
notable results of the reformed medicine which he practiced." Of more
importance were the services rendered by a layman, Zuarte, a merchant of
Cadiz, who, when travelling for his health, made the acquaintance of Necker,
and became an enthusiast on the subject of homoeopathic treatment. Zuarte
was the friend of Senor Vilalba of the diplomatic corps, and they traveled
together to Coethen to visit Hahnemann and consult with him concerning
the illness of the former. Following the founder's advice, he went to Lyons
and was cured, and in the gratitude of his heart he bought copies of Hahne-
mann's works and distributed them among the physicians of Andalusia; and
he sent to Leipsic, at his own expense, a medical student to receive the
instructions of the most famous German homoeopaths of the time. Thus the
homoeopathic doctrine first became known in Spain in 1829 and 1830, and
was first practiced -in the Andalusian provinces of that country.
Belgium in the center of Western Europe has for centuries excited the
covetousness of her powerful neighbors — Holland on the north ; the German
empire 011 the east ; France on the west and southwest, and England on the
west and separated from her by the North Sea. During the last five cen-
turies Belgium has been occupied in turn by France, Spain and Germany,
and not until 1830 was she separated from Holland to establish an inde-
pendent government. About 1829 homoeopathy made its appearance in the
country, when DeMoor of Alost, titular surgeon of the civil hospital, made
himself the apostle of the new system. About two years afterward Varlez
and Carlier adopted homoeopathic practice in Brussels, and in 1837 thev,.
with the assistance of Brixhe, Dugniolle, Van Meerbur, Dunemberg and
others founded the Belgian Homaopathic Society.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Havana about 1842 by Francisco de
P. Escopet, who came from Spain at that time. The earliest practitioner
of the school in Santiago de Cuba was Joaquin Bramon, who came from
Barcelona in Spain in 1845 and continued in practice until 1847. I" Jamaica
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 21
"homoeopathy was practically unknown until after 1870, and then its advocates
were for a time suppressed by the civil authorities.
Such, then, is a mere outline of the introduction of homoeopathy in
various European countries and some of their western possessions. It is
not the province of this work to treat in detail the history of homoeopathy
in other countries than America, but only to trace in a general way the
gradual outspreading of the system from its original home in Germany to
other foreign principalities and ultimately into America ; and whatever is
written in these introductory pages is only to lay the foundation of the ex-
haustive narrative which begins with the story of Hahnemann's life and his
subsequent achievements as told by Bradford.
22 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER n
The Beginnings of Homoeopathy — Hahnemann, the Founder — His Birth and Education —
His Trials and Triumphs — His Death — Brief Allusion to Some of the Provers,
Disciples of the Founder.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The principle of similia similibus curantur is as old as the history of
medicine. The fact that a substance capable of producing a certain series
of symptoms will also remove like symptoms when produced by some other
cause, was known to the ancient fathers of medicine. But like many another
truth, although cures resulted occasionally and were noted by medical writers,
no effort ever was made to understand and make practical iise of this law of
nature until Hahnemann, a German chemist and physician, whose attention
was by chance called to it, began by personal experimentation to test its truth.
After much effort, through trials, through trouble and ridicule, harassed
by poverty, ostracised by his fellows, he steadily pursued his way, destined
to triumph in the end and to lay his burden down, having passed by many
years the usual span of life, in the most brilliant of the cities built by men,
rich, respected, and honored, recognized as the founder and the master of
a great medical system whose practitioners were established in many coun-
tries. And it was no idle utterance that fell frrrally from his Itps — " Hon
inutilis vixi " — I have not lived in vain.
It has been said that genius consists in a capacity for taking infinite
pains. It is equally true that the exercise of that faculty is not entirely at
the option of the individual. There is a force within man that impels him
to labor at an appointed task, at the picture, the book, the nation's cause, or
humanity's. The artist is unhappy away from his canvas where every touch
is a means to the fulfilment of a definite purpose, and he must continue to
lay tint upon tint and color beside color until the glorious conception of the
perfect picture is fixed upon the canvas to delight future generations of
man. The author must write on regardless of his surroundings ; he can not
help himself ; his tale must be told. The general must direct his army piti-
lessly onward over rough ways, where dead bodies are, past burning homes,
onward to victory or death ; it is his destiny and he must fulfill it. The reformer
must walk steadily, with unheeding ears, and with eyes fixed upon a future
beyond the ken of his fellows ; he must bear the jeers of the world^s idlers,
pressing onward to the end, be it stake or laurel crown. Each by the impell-
ing power within him is driven to accomplish his destiny. It is only at cer-
tain periods in the world's history that such a man is born, kindling in his
heart from childhood the sacred fire. The results of these rare birth-gifts
to the world mark epochs in its history, and by them mankind is advanced
a step toward the fulfilment of the Creator's end. Such a man was Hahne-
mann, the story of whose remarkable life and medical system is about to
be told.
HISTORY OF HOMCKOPATHV
23
Samuel Christian Frederick Hahnemann was born on the night of April
lo, 1755, at Meissen, Saxony, the son of a porcelain painter. It is related
that the father gave his son when the latter was five years old lessons in
thinking, devoting a certain time each day to that instruction. The good
father during these hours would advise the boy to prove all things and to
hold fast to that which was good. Early in life he was placed in the village
school, and it was a habit of his boyhood to wander over the beautiful hills
of Meissen. He loved to study the plants and ^
made an herbarium ; he was fond of natural ■ ■ * ]
history. So apt v/as he that when twelve years
old the good Master Miiller intrusted to him to
teach the rudiments of Greek to the other
pupils. About this time the frugal father
wished to take him from school and, after the
way of German fathers, set him to work, but
Magister Miiller, the principal, entreated the
father and ofifered to remit the tuition, upon
which the bright, studious lad was allowed to
remain at his books. At sixteen he entered
the Meissen private school. Several times the
father took his son from school only to be per-
suaded to allow him to return. Once he ap-
prenticed him to a grocer at Leipsic, but the
lad ran away and returned home, where his
mother concealed him for several days until
the father's heart was softened. It is also re-
lated that the father objected to the waste of
lighting fluid needed for midnight study, upon
which the son fashioned a rude clay lamp and hid himself with his books at
night in a retired nook in the rambling old Eck-house where he lived.
There was a wonderful native force within the boy impelling him to
study, to store his mind with useful knowledge, and that despite paternal
frowns and other difficulties. He had to learn — it was destiny — and the
father at last began to realize that there was something in this country-bred
lad of twenty years ; this eccentric son, who already knew somewhat of Latin,
Greek, Hebrew, history, and physics, and whom nothing in the way of oppo-
sition could deter from knowing, and that he ouglit no longer attempt to
curb. And so when Samuel was twenty years old, in 1775, and when the
Easter beils were linging, Hahnemann, the student, received from his father
about twenty dollars, with permission to journev to Leipsic, the university
town, and win his way m his own manner. He began student life in Leipsic
by attending lectures during the day and devoting the nights to translations
from the English into German, and he also taught German and French to
a rich young Greek. A generous citizen of ]\Ieissen had presented him with
free tickets to the medical lectures, but his literary occupations were such as
to prevent him from attending them regularly ; but he studied hard and
saved his money that he might sooner go to the more advantageous schools
of V^ienna. Soon after he went to Leipsic he was defrauded of his savings,
and for nine months was obliged to live on a little more than sixty-eight
florins, and then to seek a self-supporting position. But the way was pro-
vided in the person of Dr. \'on Ouarin, who was physician to ^laria Theresa
Dr. Gustay Wilhelm Gross.
24
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and Emperor Joseph. He assisted this young Saxon scholar, who thus spoke
■of his benefactor many years afterwards : ''' He respected, loved and in-
structed me as if I had been the lirst of his pupils, and even more than this,
and he did it all without expecting any compensation from me. To him I
am indebted for my calling as a physician. I had his friendship and I may
almost say his love, and I was the only one of my age whom he took with
him to visit his private patients."
Von Ouarin secured for Hahnemann the position of private physician
and librarian to the Baron von Bruckenthal, who was governor of Sieben-
burgen and lived in the city of Hermanstadt. For a year and nine months
he remained in the delightful seclusion of Von Bruckenthal's great library,
filled with priceless books and manuscripts. He catalogued his collections
ljrtlliirmanii9 (Oclmtt^liaiis in ilUififii.
Hahnemann's Birthplace in Meissen.
of rare coins and also the books, and arranged them. And he studied them.
He was always studying, making ready for the future that as yet he dreamed
not of, and was impelled always by an unknown inward force to gain new
and varied knowledge. When Hahnemann left Hermanstadt he was master
of Greek, Latin, English, Hebrew, Italian, Syriac, Arabic, Spanish, German,
and had besides a little knowledge of Chaldaic ; and then he was only twenty-
four years of age.
This is the man who has been called " that ignorant German fanatic ! "
He bade the good baron farewell in the spring of 1779, and went to the Uni-
versity of Erlangen to take his degree as doctor of medicine, chosing Erlan-
gen because the fees were less than at \'ienna. At this place on August 10,
1779, he successfully defended his thesis, and received his diploma. From
the time of graduation in August until some time in the year 1780, it is
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 25
probable that Hahnemann travelled about in the towns of Lower Hungary.
In the summer of 1780 a home-longing overcame him and he returned to
Saxony, locating in the little town of Hetstadt in a copper mining country,
where he found little to do but study the mining. He remained there nine
months, going thence in the springtime of 1781 to Dessau, where he first
turned his attention to chemistry, of which he afterwards became one of the
most able exponents and experimentalists of the time. Here also he gained
much knowledge of practical mining and smelting, which he afterwards
utilized in writing upon those subjects ; and, as he so quaintly said : " I
filled the dormer windows of my mind."
In Dessau Hahnemann met Johanna Henrietta Leopoldine Kuchler,
■daughter of apothecary Kuchler, who became his life companion. Thev were
Dr. Carl Gottlob Franz.
Tiiarried in Dessau, December i, 1782. He was twenty-seven and she nine-
teen years old. He had a short time previous taken the post of parish doctor
at Gommern, a small town not far from Magdeburg. They went there and
he at once began regularly to practice his profession. Hahnemann said that
there had previously been no physician at this place, and that the inhabitants
had no desire for any such person. Here he remained two years and nine
months. While there he made some important translations and published
his first original book " On the Treatment of Old Sores and Ulcers." In
this work he gave the results of his experience in Transylvania, and said
that the patients probably would have done quite as well without him. And
in writing of his treatment of a case of caries of the metatarsal bone he said :
IQ HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
" I scrapeci the carious bone clean out and removed all the dead part, dressed
it with alcohol and watched the result " (not a bad method of treatment for
the surgery of the present day, and that was in 1784). The matter of hygiene
was mentioned in his book, although at that time it was very little under-
stood. Even then the master was teaching in advance of his time.
He now began, as he says, to taste the delights of home ; he was con-
tented ; his books and his official position supported him ; but the rude and
barbarous medical methods of the day disturbed his logical and educated
mind, which was trained to expect definite results ; and he disliked to give
compounds of whose effects on patients he was ignorant. He could not
accept the loose ways and methods of the existing medical schools. In the
celebrated letter to Hufeland, the " Nestor of German medicine," on the
" Necessity of a Regeneration in Medicine," published some time afterward,
Hahnemann fully explained his feelings at that period of his life, and his
reasons for giving up the old practice of medicine hampered by dogmas of
doubt. He resigned his position at Gommern in the autumn of 1784 and
entirely gave up practice that (in his own words) " I might no longer incur
the risk of doing injury, and I engaged exclusively in chemistry and in liter-
ary occupations." His mind was now reaching out toward his ideal. As he
once said to Hufeland. lie could not understand a God who had not provided
some certain method of contemplating diseases from their own aspect and
of curing them with certainty. " But why has this method not been dis-
covered during the twenty-five or thirty centuries in which men have called
themselves physicians ? Because it is too near us, and too easy ; because to
attain it there is no need of brilliant sophisms or seducing hypotheses." Im-
pelled by a something within him to seek, Hahnemann gave up the old prac-
tice of medicine and reduced himself and familv to comparative poverty for
conscience sake, and in the fulfillment of the immutable law in his nature
that he was powerless to overcome. From Gommern he removed to brilliant
Dresden, then the home of the arts and the sciences, and devoted his time
to translations and the study of chemistry. He also studied medical juris- •
prudence with Dr. Wagner, the town physician or health officer, who became*
his friend and gave him charge of the hospitals of the town for a year. xA.t
this time Hahnemann was well known in Germany as a scholarly translator
of scientific books, and a daring and successful experimentalist in chemistry.
He was received with warm welcome by the distinguished scholars who re-
sided in Dresden. Adelung, who had made a compilation in five volumes of
the history of all the known languages and dialects (" Mithridates ") and
who was perhaps the foremost philologist in the world ; Dasdorf. the libra-
rian of the great Electoral library — himself a ripe scholar ; Blumenbach,
the naturalist; and Laviosier, the ill-fated chemist, a victim of the reign of
terror. Such was the company Hahnemann enjoyed, a scholar in a scholarly
atmosphere, and in the companionship of men of wisdom. This life con-
tinued four pleasant years. Up to this time all the translations of scientific-
works and the original books he had written were of such a nature as to
render him more fit for the groat discoveries he was soon destined to make.
In Septeml)er. 1789. Hahnemann removed to Leipsic and continued his
literary work. liefore this it is probable that he had no idea that he was
to be a medical reformer. There is nothing in his writings to indicate such
a thought. He was simply a learned physician and chemist, too honest to
bleed and purge and dose his fellow men. and vaguely sc-eking in his own-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 27
mind for some more reasonable and safe method of cure. Soon after his
arrival at Leipsic and while he was translating from the English the materia
medica of the great Scotch physician, William Cullen, he was led by certain
statements in the book to make some original experiments upon himself re-
garding the effects of Peruvian bark. As a result he added a footnote to the
second volume of his translationXjn which he said : " I took by way of
experiment, twice a day, four drachms of good China. My feet, finger tips^
&c., at first became cold ; I grew languid and drowsy ; then my heart began
to palpitate, and my pulse grew hard and small ; intolerable anxiety, trembling
(but without cold rigor), prostration throughout all my limbs; then pulsation
in my head, redness of my cheeks, thirst, and — in short — all these symptoms
which are ordinarily characteristic of Intermittent Fever, made their appear-
ance, one after another, yet without the peculiar chilly rigor. This paroxysm
lasted two or three hours each time, and recurred, if I repeated the dose, not
otherwise. I discontinued it and was in good health." This discovery led to
experiment; analysis led to synthesis. J
Hahnemann passed six years in noting the effects of different drugs and
poisons on healthy persons and in studying old volumes of recorded experi-
ments in materia medica. His family was pressed into the service and friends
also assisted him. Each was tried in various doses and in every possible
variety of circumstance, that the real effect might be clearly understood. All
the time he could spare from his translations was devoted to these provings
and to chemical research.
He now had several children and was so poor that the whole family
lived in a single room, while the father pursued his work in one corner, sep-
arated from the others only by a curtain. It was his custom to sit up every
other night translating in order to gain m.ore time for his experiments. In
1 79 1 poverty compelled him to go to the little village of Stotteritz, where he
could live still more cheaply. While there he helped in the work of the
house, wore the garments and the heavy wooden clogs of the poor German,
and even kneaded the bread with his own hands. Sickness befell his family.
He had lost faith in medicine. Of this period he writes : " Where shall I
look for aid, sure aid? sighed the disconsolate father on hearing the moaning
of his dear, inexpressibly sick children. The darkness of the night and the
dreariness of the desert all around me ; no prospect of relief for my oppressed
paternal heart." Yet always he had in mind the determination to continue his
experiments, to elaborate the new law that he had begun to make practicable.
Previous to this time Hahnemann had no opportunity of testing on the
sick the result of the drug-provings on the healthy, but now it came. A
certain influential man, Herr Klockingbring, had by ridicule been rendered
violently insane, and his wife, having heard of Hahnemann, was induced to
request him to attend her husbandr Through her influence the Duke of
Gotha gave up to Hahnemann for the experiment a wing in his old hunting
castle at Georgenthal at the foot of the' Thuringian mountains, nine miles
from his own capital of Gotha. He caused it to be properlv arranged for
the reception of the maniac and his keepers. He was taken with the madness
in the winter of 1791-92. It probably was in the spring of 1792 that Hahne-
mann's attention was .first called to the case, and during that summer he
went to Georgenthal. It was a case of acute mania and Klockingbring was
very violent, requiring several keepers. Hahnemann says that for "two weeks
he watched him without giving hmi any medicine. It 'was the fashion then
28 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
to treat insane persons with great severity, chaining, beating and placing
them in dark dungeons. Hahnemann did not approve of this and treated
his distinguished patient with great gentleness. It has been claimed that
Hahnemann was in advance of the celebrated alienist Pinel in this plan of
treating the insane. It was during this same year of 1792 that Pinel first
unchained the maniacs in the hospital of Bicetre at Paris. In 1793 Klock-
ingbring returned to Hanover completely cured.
Hahnemann left Georgenthal in May, 1793, going thence to Molschle-
bcn, a smiall village near Gotha. From letters written at this time by him
to a patient, and which have been published, we are able to determine his
whereabouts very correctly. He went from Molschleben to Pyrmont, and from
Dr. Franz Hartmann.
there in 1796 to Wolfenbuttel, and thence to Konigslutter, where he remained
imtil 1799, when he went to Hamburg. The life at Konigslutter is mem-
orable because while living there he published, in 1796, in " The Journal for
Practicing Physicians," edited by his friend Hufeland, and which was the most
important medical journal of that time, his celebrated essay on a "New Prin-
ciple for Ascertaining the Curative Powers of Drugs." In this he gave
to the world for the first time his principle — sttnilia similibns curantur, explain-
ing how he had experimented and the result. It was only after six years of
constant trial and study that he shared his wonderful secret with the medical
world.
During the last year of the life at Konigslutter an epidemic of scarlet
fever occurred, and Hahnemann put his new found knowledge to the proof.
HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY 2^
and declared that belladonna, inasmuch as it would produce a similar drug
condition, would cure scarlet fever — and it did; and because he first tested
the cure on the sick and did not reveal its name until he was sure of its
effect, his enemies even to the present day, have accused him of dealing in
secret remedies and nostrums.*
But in prescribing with his own medicines for these patients he had
offended against the law, and the jealous apothecaries of Konigslutter hounded
him forth to fresh wanderings. In the autumn of 1799 he packed all his
goods and his family into a large wagon, and with heavy heart left the town
where life had begun to present some sunshine, and started on the road to
Hamburg. On the journey over a precipitous part of the way the wagon
was overturned ; the driver was thrown from his seat ; Hahnemann himseli
was injured; a daughter's leg was broken; an infant son Ernst was so hurt
that he soon died, and his property was damaged by falling into a stream.
At the nearest village of Muhlhausen he was obliged to remain six weeks at.
considerable expense.
He settled after this at Altona and did not go to Hamburg until 1800.
It was in this year that Fleischer, the Leipsic publisher, gave to Hahnemann
to translate an English book containing medical prescriptions. He trans-
lated the text into good German, but added an original preface in which he
so ridiculed and satirized and belittled the compound prescriptions of the
great lights of the English n:edical world that it put an end to his employ-
ment by that publisher. His only further translation was the Von Haller
Materia Medica fiom the Latin, which was published in 1806. At this
period he wrote several essays for Hufeland's journal. In 1802 he went
from Hamburg to Mollen in the duchy of Lauenburg, and from there jour-
neyed to Eilenburg in beloved Saxony. He was not allowed to remain there,
however, as the health officer ordered him away. From thence he went to-
^lachern, a village four miles from Leipsic, where poverty again distressed
him. It is related that after toiling all day at translating (at the Haller
Materia Medica) he often assisted his wife to wash the family clothing at
night, and as they could not purchase soap they employed raw potatoes in-
stead. The portion of bread allowed to each was so small that he w^as accus-
tomed to weigh it out in equal proportion. From Machern he went to Wit-
tenburg. departing soon after for Dessau, where he lived for two years.
Hahnemann left Hamburg about the beginning of 1802. He could not
have remained long in one place. He was poor and persecuted, driven from
town to town. He passed about two years at Dessau and, according to a
letter written by him, he was in June, 1805, domiciled at Torgau, where he
remained until 181 1, when he went to Leipsic. As his essays in the medical
journals only brought him into condemnation he afterwards published his
articles in the "General German Gazette of Literature and Science."
Hahnemann's first collection of provings — " Fragmenta de Viribus " — was-
published in Latin w^hile he was at Torgau, in 1805. Five years later the
first edition of the Organon appeared. In this he gave to the world a careful
explanation of his new medical discoveries and beliefs. It contained every-
thing relating to the new medical method and in it he for the first time men-
'■^This was the only occasion on which Hahnemann ever withheld the
name and purpose of any medicament employed by him.
30
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
tioned the name Homoeopathy. The work appeared in 1810, from the press
of his friend and patient, Arnold. The book consists of an introduction and
the Organon itself. The introduction is entitled " Review of the medication,
allopathy and palliative treatment that have prevailed to the present time in
the old school of medicme," and comprises the first one hundred pages of
the Organon.
Hahnemann here presents the curious
story of the efforts of mankind to conquer
disease. He writes : " But ever since that
time (soon after Hippocrates, therefore for
J^t^ll^ ' 2,500 years) men have occupied themselves
^^^H^ with the treatment of the ever-increasing
/ ^^^ ' multiplicity of diseases, who, led astray by
" - '• * their vanity, sought by reasoning and guess-
ing to excogitate the mode of furnishing
this aid. Innumerable and dissimilar ideas
respecting the nature of diseases and their
remedies sprang from so many dissimilar
brains, and the theoretical views these gave
rise fo, they called (structures) systems,
each of which was at variance with the rest
and self-contradictory. Each of these subtle
expositions at first threw the readers into
stupefied amazeriient at the incomprehen-
sible wisdom contained in it, and attracted
to the system monger a number of fol-
lowers, who re-echoed his unnatural soph-
istry, to none of whom, however, was it
of the slightest use in enabling them to
cure better, until a new system, often diranetrically opposed to the first, thrust
that aside, and in its turn gained a short-lived renown. None of them was in
consonance with nature and experience ; they were mere theoretical webs
constructed by cunning mtellects out of pretended consequences which could
not be made use of in practice, in the treatment at the sick-bed, on account of
their excessive subtlety and repugnance to nature and only served for empty
disQCTtations.
Xi' Simultaneously, but quite independent of all these theories, there sprung
up a mode of treatment with mixtures of unknown medicinal substances,
against forms of disease arbitrarily set up, and directed towards some ma-
terial object, completely at variance with nature and experience, hence, as
may be supposed, with a bad result — such is old medicine. Allopathy, as it
is termedj
" Wiuiout disparaging the services which many physicians have rendered
to the sciences auxiliary to medicine, to natural philosophy and chemistry,
to natural history in its various branches, and to that of man in particular,
anthropology, physiology and anatomy, &c.,0. shall occupy myself here with
the practical part of medicine only, with the healing art itself, in order to
show how it is that diseases have hitherto been imperfectly treated. I speak
merely of the medical art as hitherto practiced, whicl;i^_presuming on its
antiquity, imagines itself to possess a scientific character.^/
Hahnemann then discusses various medical methods, blood letting, evac-
Dr. Moritz Miiller.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 31
iiant, stimulating, &c. He says again : " The presumed character of the
affection, they regarded as the cause of the disease, and hence they directed
their pretended casual treatment against spasm, inflammation (plethora), fever,
general and partial debility, mucus, putridity, obstructions, &c., which they
thought to remove by means of their antispasmodic, antiphlogistic, tonic,
stimulant, antiseptic, dissolvent, resolvent, derivative, evacuant, atUtagonistic
remedies, (of which they only possessed a superficial knowledge).
^]jjut all semblance of appropriate treatment of diseases was completely
lost, by a practice, introduced in the earliest times, and even made into a rule:
1 mean the mixture, in a prescription, of various medicinal substances, whose
real action was, almost without an exception, unknown, and which without
any one exception, invariably differed so much among each other. One
^
'M'^'^ (r^i^^^
f
I'^^fm
V
m -^"'^H
lu^^'
# ' -^
_.
Hry ^M^^^^M
r ■ ">
Dr. Carl Haubold.
medicine (the. sphere of whose medicinal eft'ects was unknown) was placed
forem.ost, as the principal remedy (basis), and was designed to subdue what
the physician deemed the chief character of the disease; to this was added
some other drug (equally unknown as regards the sphere of its medicinal
action) for the removal of some particular accessory symptom, or to strengthen
the action of the first (adjuvans) ; and besides these, yet another (likewise
unknown as to the sphere of its medicinal powers) a pretended corrective
remedy (corrigens) ; these were all mixed together (boiled, infused) — and
along with them, some medicinal syrup, or distilled medicinal water, also
with different properties, would be included in the formula, and it was sup-
posed that each of the ingredients of this mixture would perform, in the
32 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
diseased body, the part allotted to it by the prescriber's imagination, without
suffering itself to be disturbed or led astray by the other things mixed up
along with it; which, however, could not in reason be expected." ^
Pie then goes more fully into the absurdity of medicinal mixtures and
cites from medical writers to show that such a plan is ridiculous. Again he
says : " It was high time for the wise and benevolent Creator and Preserver
of mankind to put a stop to this abomination, to command a cessation of these
tortures, and to reveal a healing art the very opposite of this, which should
not waste the vital juices and powers by emetics, perennial scourings out of
the bowels, warm baths, diaphoretics, or salivation ; nor shed the life's blood,
nor torment and weaken with painful appliances ; nor, in place of curing pa-
Uv. Carl 1'". I'rinks.
tients suffering from diseases, render them incurable by the addition of vnew,
chronic, medicinal maladies, by means of the long continued use of wrong,
powerful medicines of unknown properties ; nor yoke the horse behind the
cart, by giving strong palliatives, according to the old favorite axiom, con-
traria contrariis curantiir; nor in short, in place of lending the patient aid,
to guide him in the way to death, as is done by the merciless routine practi-
tioner, but which on the contrary should spare the patient's strength as much
as possible, and should rapidly and mildly effect an unalloyed and perma-
nent cure, by means of the smallest doses of simple medicines well considered,
and selected according to their proved effects, by the only therapeutic law
conformable to nature, similia simUibiis curanhtr.
"It was high^time Pie should permit the discovery of howioeopathy.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 33
'" Bv observation, reflection, and experiment, I discovered that in oppo-
sition to the old allopathic method, the true, the proper, the best mode of
treatment, is contained in the maxim : To effect a mild, rapid, certain, and
permanent cure, choose, in every case of disease, a medicine which can itself
produce an affection similar to that sought to be cured.
" Hitherto no one has ever lmii:;lit this homoeopathic method of cure, no
one has practiced it. But if the truth is only to be found in this method, as
I can prove it to be, we might expect that, even though it remained unper-
ceived for thousands of years, distinct traces of it w^ould be discovered in
every age. And such is the fact."
Hahnemann devoted about sixty pages to quotations from the writings
of old physicians from Hippocrates to Sydenham, describing cures effected
according to the doctrine of similars. Each cure is plainly stated with a
reference in each case to the medical writer responsible for the statement.
The book itself is devoted to instructions in practical homoeopathy. Hahne-
mann never claimed to discover the law of similia, but he did claim that he
was the first person to make any practical demonstration of that law.
It is needless to say that the propositions advanced in the Organon
brought down upon the head of the reformer an avalanche of abuse. He
had raised his hand against the traditions of years and he was attacked by
the medical journals of the day. Books and pamphlets were fulminated
against him. The reviews were so virulent that even the better of Hahne-
mann's enemies condemned them. He v/as called a charlatan, a quack, an
ignoramus. In 1811 his son published a refutation, which it is believed Hahne-
mann himself wrote. All this storm of abuse he answered in no other way.
He gave his answer in a better way, in 181 1, when he presented to the w^orld
the first volume of " Materia Medica Pura."
But the grand impulse was strong within him. He felt that he must
find a wider platform from which to shout his glad tidings to sick and suf-
fering hinnanity, and in the year 181 1 he transferred his "Lares and Pe-
nates "" to his old jiome in Leipsic, the place he had first entered as an enthu-
siastic and scholarly lad of twenty. Since then — Vienna, Hermanstadt, Er-
langen, Dessau, Gommern, Dresden, Georgenthal, the wander-years, and after-
w"ards Tcrgau, with its literary results. Trials, malevolence, privation, and
false accusation, all had followed him like furies, and yet, impelled by a
strange force, the genius of right and justice, he had ever and steadily gone
on towards the future of whose brightness even yet he did not know.
That Hahnemann ever planned any means of promulgating a new med-
ical system for his own personal advantage, as his enemies ever asserted,
anyone conversant with his character must utterly discredit. He was all
through his long life the victim of circumstance, or, as some of his followers
claim, of a " Providence " that fashioned every event and from the seemingly
tangled threads in his web of life wrought the perfect picture ; and every
bitter trial of his life was but bringing better equipment for the glorious end.
It now became impressed upon Hahnem.ann's mind that he must teach
this doctrine of medicine publicly to men ; and he went to Leipsic and began
to lecture on the principles of homoeopathy. In December, 181 1, he inserted
a notice of his " Aledical Institute " in a journal of the city. But before he
was permitted to lecture he was compelled to defend a thesis before the fac-
ulty of medicine. This he did on June 26. 1812. Its title was " A Disserta-
tion on the Helleborism of the Ancients," and it was such a marvel of erudi-
^4
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
tion that no one attempted to dispute it. In its pages containing quotations
from the Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Arabic, Italian. French, English and Ger-
man there was evidence of profound knowledge. It seemed an echo from
the great libraries of Hermanstadt and Dresden.
Hahnemann now began lecturing Wednesday and Saturday afternoons
from 2 to 3 o'clock." The lectures were continued semi-annually during his
■entire stay at Leipsic, and soon attracted hearers from the medical and law
students and the younger of the Leipsic physicians. The fame of his learn-
ing and a desire to see the man who taught such medical " heresies " attracted
many to him. Soon from the audiences he gathered a circle of young men
under his direction who began to make provings on themselves. The result
was the *' Materia Medica Pura. " These faithful disciples lived near Hahne-
mann's house and were almost constantly with him. Each had his duty to
perform, and Hahnemann, after collect-
ing the symptoms, verified them, sub-
jecting them to the finest scrutiny and
with the most scrupulous exactitude an-
cdyzed them. The plants were collected,
the ]ireparations according to the for-
mula of the master were made, and
results noted. They who sat at the feet
of the teacher afterwards carried the
rew doctrine into many places. Fortu-
nately, the story has been told by some
among the number so that it is known
how the reformer lived at this time. He
was fully occupied with his lectures and
the reception of patients at his home.
He did not visit them at their houses.
l);n'l\ with his wife and daughters he
walked 'in one of the public gardens of
tl^e city. After the day's labor he was
accustomed to sit among his students in
the evening, and with the mug of "ghose"
at his side and the long German pipe in
his hand, he would tell his disciples of
the curious actions and ways of the older physicians at the sick bed, or relate
circumstances of his former life • and then he would become lost to the sur-
roundings, his pipe would go out, and one of liis daughters would at once be
called to relight it.
But persecution came. The students were accustomed to prescribe for
patients and Hahnemann's reception room was thronged daily ; both master
and student gave medicine. This practice was contrary to the law of that
time, and the apothecaries whose privileges w^ere supposed to be encroached
upon appealed to the courts against Hahnemann, and he was cited to appear.
He did so, and also addressed a letter to the authorities in which he argued
that he did not give compound prescriptions but only simple remedies in such
minute doses, and of whose pre])aration the apothecaries knew nothing, that
they could not put up these medicines ; that their exclusive right was only
to make up compound prescriptions and that homoeopathy did not compound
1>. C. A. 11. Alulilenbein.
iilSTURV OF HOAICEOPATHY 35
or dispense. He was soon notified that he would be fined twenty thalers for
every dispensation afterwards.
In 1820 a celebrated s^eneral, Prince von Schwartzenberg, who had been
a leader of the allied armies against Napoleon, applied to Hahnemann for
treatment, asking that he attend him at Vienna. Hahnemann replied that if
he wished his services he must come to Leipsic as he was too busy to go to
Vienna. So desirous was the prince to consult Hahnemann that he came to
Leipsic and established himself in a suburb of the city. His case was incur-
able, and he died about six months afterwards, of apoplexy. His death was
the cause of renewed attacks on Hahnemann, and the legal persecutions, that
during the treatment had been prevented bv the Saxon government on account
■of his illustrious patient, were resumed with redoubled vigor. Hahnemann's
students were arrested, fined, and even imprisoned. He himself was so per-
secuted that he must either give up practice or resume his journeying in
quest of another abiding place. Of a truth it may be said :
"His life was like a battle or a march,
And like the wind's blast, never resting, homeless.
He stormed across the war-convulsed earth."
Xot far from Leipsic was one of the many little principalities of which
at that time Germany was composed. It was the duchy of Anhalt-Coethen.
One of its notables, the Grand Duke Frederick, had heard of Hahnemann's
wonderful cures and was, besides, a lover of justice. He offered an asylum
to the persecuted old teacher, appointed him his privy physician with the title
of Hofrath, and by edict gave him permission to dispense and prescribe within
the limits of his kmgdom. Early in May, 1821, Hahnemann shook the dust
of inhospitable Leipsic from his feet and with his faithful students accom-
panying him on the road set out for Coethen.
It was a delightful place, nestled in the valley of a small river, and in
its quiet the master passed fifteen years of his eventful life. In a summer-
house at th.e end of a paved garden he studied and Avrote and meditated, for-
mulating, completing and perfecting his life work. His " Chronic Diseases "
was written at Coethen, the last four editions of Organon, and the last two
editions of " Materia Medica Pura."
The year 1829 was memorable because on August 10 Hahnemann cele-
brated the fiftieth anniversary of his graduation at Eriangen. His disciples
came to him, bringing gifts. The old savant's portrait was done in oil and
his bust v/as modelled. Stapf, his favorite pupil, had collected the fugitive
essays he had written, and brought the first copy from the printer as his
token. Albrecht, the Dresden friend and after-time biographer, delivered a
poem in his praise. Rummel presented the honorary diploma from his alma
mater. The scholarly Aluhlenbein made a Latin oration, giving a sketch of
his life and labors. The good duke and duchess remembered their beloved
physician. Afterwards there was a grand dinner. The disciples came from
all parts of the country, and those who could not come sent letters of amity.
This occasion resulted, in the formation of the German Central Homoeopathic
L'nion.
Soon afterward, however, a great sorrow came, and the wings of ashen
^ray were unfolded over the good housewife. For years she had devoted her-
self to the cares of life that her husband might be free to pursue his studies.
At the time of her illness Hahnemann also was ill, but he kept himself at her
36
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
bedside and comforted her. After her death their daughters continued tO'
care for the household, and there was Httle real change in its domestic life.
The cholera year of 1832 came, and although Hahnemann never had
seen a case of that character his knowledge of the effects of medicines upon
the system enabled him to suggest the remedies that would be found useful.
His opinion proved correct, because it was founded upon a law. Now the
years passed peacefully and happily ; the wanderer at last had a home. Homoe-
opathy was known and men of ability, physicians and laymen, journeyed
to the little village to hear the old sage talk and to learn more of the new
and rational method of healing. Coethen became the schoolhouse of homce-
opathv, from whence went willing disciples to carry the teachings to all parts
of the world.
Hahnemann always was a very industrious man ; he never was idle. He
proved about ninety medicines on himself; he wrote about seventy original
w^orks on chemistrv and medicine, some of them in several volumes ; he trans-
Hahnemann's Home in Coethen.
lated fifteen large medical and scientific works from the English, six from the
French, one from the Italian, and one from the Latin. These translations
were not alone on medicine, but on chemistry, agriculture and general Hter-
ature. Among them was " History of the Lives of Abelard and Heloise."
which was considered a remarkable' work from a literary standpoint. Besides
this was the labor of attending to a very large practice, a great part of which
was by letter. He was not only a physician, reformer and chemist, but he
was an accomplished classical scholar and critic, well versed in astronomy
and meteorology, and especially fond of geography. In the days at Coethen'
he was at seventy-five years interesting himself in the habits of spiders, still
studying chemistVy, and keeping himself by letter en rapport with his fol-
lowers in different parts of the world.
In stature Hahnemann was a small man. inclined to stoutness; his car-
riage was upright and his walk dignified ; his step was firm and all his motions-
active ; his forehead was very higli, arched, and bore the impress of thought.
In early life he wore a queue; later on he became bald on the top of his head^
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 37
and long locks of curling white hair fell over each temple. His eye was
particularly piercing and brilliant, as though a great soul looked out defiantly
upon the noisy world. He seldom smiled ; life had been too real for much
laughter, yet he enjoyed the pleasure of others, In early life he wore small
■clothes, knee breeches and shoes with buckles, and later on the long trousers ;
his coat was dark. In his home life a gaily figured dressing gown with long
skirts, wadded slippers and always a black velvet cap on his head, completed
his attire. In Paris it was said that he wore his hair in curl papers at night.
In food he was abstemious ; he vvas fond of sweets and preferred a sort
of sunple cake to bread. His vegetables were cabbage, new beans and spin-
ach. He usually took a nap after eating. Daily he took exercise in the open
air, and worked until late at night. His usual companion was a little pet
"dog that lay near his chair. Hahnemann had eleven children.
Friedrich Runime!, M. D.
In January, 1833, a fond wish of the great teacher was realized. A
homoeopathic hospital was formally opened at Leipsic. He visited it later
on and had the satisfaction of knowing that there w^as at least one institution
pledged to a fair trial of his doctrines. There were differences afterward
between the physicians and himself, but he continued his interest in the hos-
pital as long as he remained in Germany.
In 1835 this old man who had for some time thought that according to
the law of nature he might finish his pilgrimage at anv time, renewed his
lease upon life. He married a French lady of thirty-five vears, one Marie
]Melanie d'Hervilly Gohier, daughter of a painter who had been adopted by
38 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
a prominent Frenchman. She had heard of Hahnemann, and on visiting him
they were mutually attracted. He made a will giving his children most o£
his property, and on January 28, 1835, he married ; and on the first day of
Whitsuntide of the same year he departed from Coethen with his bride. His
children and grandchildren dined with them at Halle, and the doctor and his
wife went on to Pans. Madame Hahnemann was a woman of ability, an
artist and poetess, and she soon became also a physician. She was of good,
family and the life became a gay and busy one. They lived in style in a
fashionable part of the city. Soon Hahnemann, though it was supposed that
he intended to rest from his labors at Paris, was engaged in a larger and
more exacting practice than he ever before had, and contrary to the old
custom he now made visits, driving about in his carriage after the manner
of other city physicians. His clientage constantly increased, and although
he had given away most of his property on leaving Germany, it is said that
during the eight years of his life in Paris he earned 4,000,000 francs. The
French Homoeopathic Society honored him by making him their honorary
president, and his every birthday was made the occasion of a festival in his
honor. Many distinguished strangers called on and recognized him as the
founder of a new and successful school of medicine. His home life was
happy; he enjoyed the opera and public receptions, but he did no more liter-
ary work.
Death came at last to take away the great man, and calmly, trustingly,
uncomplainingly, although at the last he suffered much, he passed away early
in the morning of Sunday, July 2, 1843, gently whispering " I have not lived
in vam."
Previous to 181 1, the year in which Hahnemann established his school
in Leipsic, none but himself had practiced his system. But now with the
students from the university attending his lectures and becoming one by one
convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, they also began to practice quietly.
The first of them to embrace homoeopathy was Johann Ernst Stapf. who
studied the new system as early as 181 1, and in 1812 practiced with onlv the
remedies mentioned in the first volume of " Materia Medica Pura." Hart-
mann says that in 1814 Stapf was no longer living in Leipsic, but came occa-
sionally from Naumburg, where he was established, to visit his old friends.
He was the first pupil of Hahnemann and was very near and dear to him.
From '1812 to 1821 the lectures by Hahnemann were delivered semi-
annually on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons. These were attended by
both students and physicians. During this time Hahnemann was at work on
his "Materia Medica Pura."- The first volume had been published in 181 1;
the second and third were issued in 1816-17; the fourth in 1818; the fifth in
1819, and the sixth m 1821. This consisted of a record of the symptoms
resulting from various medicinal substances that had been proven upon them-
selves by a number of the young men who were attending Hahnemann's
lectures. These men had organized themselves into a Provers' Union, subject
to the control and advice of the master. The members were Stapf. Gross,
Hornburg, Franz, Wislicenus, Teuthorn, Herrmann. Reuckert, Langham-
mcr and Hartmann ; and by means of this devoted band homoeopathv was
introduced from the medical family of Hahnemann in Leipsic into the differ-
ent parts of Germany.
Johann Ernst Stapf was born September g. 1788. at Naumburg. He
was educated in the Nobility school of Naumburg and Leipzig Universitv-
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
39
He began to investigate as early as 1811 and was practicing homoeopathy at
Nainnburg as early as 1814. He was one of the stalwarts of German homce-
opathy.
Gnstav Wilhelm Gross, born at Kaltenborn near Juterbogk, September
6, 1794, went to Leipsic in 1814 and there became acquainted with Hahnemann
and his followers. He remained in Leipsic until 18 17, when, after taking his
degree, January 6, 1817, he established himself in practice as a homoeopathic
physician at Juterbogk, a small village between Leipsic and Berlin, near the
Saxon frontier. Like the others he was exposed to much obloquy, but became
one of- the most eminent of the German practitioners.
Christian Gottlob Hornburg, born at Chemnitz October 18. 1793, went
to Leipsic to study theology in 1813. He attended Hahnemann's lectures on
r-
Dr. Georg Aug. Benj. Scliueikert.
homoeopathy and decided to study medicine. He was one of those who prac-
ticed homoeopathy in Leipsic and became involved in the trials and fines that
overwhelmed the students of Hahnemann in 1819. It is said that his case
of medicines was taken from him by the authorities in November, 1819, and
was burned with considerable public formality in the Paulina (St. Paul's)
cemetery. His early death is said to have been due to bitter persecution by
.the relentless enemies of homoeopathy.
Karl Gottlob Franz, born at Plauen. May 8, 1795. went to Leipsic in
1814 and soon became assistant to Hahnemann. He remained in Leipsic
until 1825 and then went to \'ienna as physician to a lady of noble family,
who wished homoeopathic treatment.
40 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
W. E. Wislicenus introduced homoeopathy into Eisenach in the duchy of
Weimar, at an early date. He had been of the Leipsic coterie. It is said
that in 1821 he made trials of homoeopathy in the Garrison hospital at Berlin,
which was under control of the military surgeons. The results were favorable
to homoeopathy. The hospital doctors took away the journal in which he
had recorded the results of his experiments, to read, but in spite of his earnest
■entreaties for its return they would not bring it back.
Ernst Ferdinand Rueckert was born near Herrnhut, March 3, 1795.
He went to Leipsic m 1812, and v/as one of the first of Hahnemann's pupils.
From 1816 to 1817 he visited the Medico-Chirurgical Academy at Dresden.
He first settled at Grimma, but soon went to Mutchen and soon after again
changed location, going to Bernstadt in 1819. He practiced homoeopathy in
a number of other localities in Germany and was instrumental in spreading
i the new doctrine.
\ A distinguished follower of Hahnemann was Franz Hartmann, who was
\ born in Delitsch May 18, 1796, and who joined the disciples of the new
\ medical faith in 1814. After passing certain examinations and after some
persecution, he finally (1821) located at Zschopau as a practicing physician.
Although he covered vip his homoeopathic practice to a certain extent the
variations in his m.ethods and the brilliant cures he made caused remark and
tended to spread the new doctrine, . Frederick Flahnemann had also practiced
for a time in an erratic way in Wolkenstein, a neighboring town, and homoe-
opathv was not unknown in that vicinity. Hartmann removed to Leipsic in
1826.'
Previous to the opening of the Medical Institute by Hahnemann in Leipsic
in 1812, the storv of homoeopathy is embraced in the life of its founder.
F'rom 1812 to 1821 many enthusiastic students were being educated to become
future missionaries in disseminating the principles of the new school. Medi-
cines were being proven, and faith in their efficacy was made strbnger by ill-
founded and wanton persecution both of Hahnemann and his pupils. When
in 1821 the master gladly accepted the peaceful home at Coethen a new epoch
was begun in the history of homoeopathy. Previous to this Hahnemann had
exercised more or less control over his students, but now they were located
ia different towns and began to act independently. It was not long before
there were homoeopathic practitioners in many localities in Germany and
other countries. Hahnemann from Coethen advised his followers and many
physicians journeyed there to visit and learn from him.
In 1821 Dr. Stapf established at Leipsic a jounxal devoted to homoeopathy.
It was an octavo, issued three times a year, and was called " x\rchiv fur die
homoopathische Heilkunst " (Archives for Homoeopathic Healing). This
was the first magazine ever published in the interest of homoeopathy. On the
reverse of the title of each number is a quotation from Romeo and Juliet that
seems to prove that Shakespeare must have heard of the principle of similia :
"Tut. man, one fire burns out another's burning;
One pain is lessened by another's anguish,
Turn giddy and be holp by backward turning:
\ .One desperate grief cures with another's languish.
I Take thou some new infection to the eye,
And the rank poison of the old will die."
The provers and the disciples wrote for this journal and it soon became
}^ an established power for the promotion of the new doctrine.
li I STORY OF KOMCEOPATHY
41
At this period, aljout 1821, ( iross was practiciiii^ homoeopathy at Juterbogk.
Moritz Miiller and Carl Haubold were settled at Leipsic, where the veterinary
surgeon, Wilhelm L.ux, also was located. He had employed homoeopathy in
his practice since 1820, and to him the doctrine of isopathy is due. He argued
that every contagious disease carried in its own contagium the means of its
cure, and therefore as a remedy for anthrax he diluted up to the thirtieth
potency a drop of the blood from an animal afflicted with anthrax. He pre-
pared in the same way other pathological products and took for a motto
acqualia acqualibiis instead of similia similibns. In 1833 ^''^ published a small
pamphlet entitled " Isopathy of Contagia," and in 1837 another called " Zooiasis
or Homaopathy in its Application to the Diseases of Animals." The
opinions of Lvix have had a decided efifect upon homoeopathic practice.
Dr. Carl Georg Ch. Hartlaub.
In 1821 Drs. C. F. Trinks and Paul Wolf were located at Dresden. As
early as 18 19 one Dr. Gossner was practicing homoeopathy in Oberhollabrun
in Lower Austria, and Dr. Mussek in Seefeld, a neighboring town. In
Prague Dr. Marenzeller, military staff surgeon, and attending physician to
the Archduke John, was interested in homoeopathy.
In Vienna Professor S. Veith, as early as 181 7, had become interested in
the system through the army surgeon Krastiansky in Klattau. He and his
brother, who was a pastor of St. Stephen's, practiced homoeopathy for vears
in Vienna.
In 1823 Dr. Adam located in St. Petersburg, Russia. He. had met
Hahnemaiui in Germany and became a convert to his teaching. Within two
42
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
vears Dr. Stegeniann introduced homoeopathy into the provinces of the
Eastern sea. At Dorpat he induced the cHnical professor, Sahmen, to experi-
ment with homcDeopathic remedies, and in 1825 he pubHshed a work on the
subject. In 1827 M. Marcus at Moscow expressed a leaning toward homce-
opathv. A convert of the time was Dr. Bigel, physician to the wife of th»
Grand Duke Constantine in Warsaw. He had accompanied the duke to
Dresden and during a fierce medical controversy that was raging was led to
study Hahnemann's Organon. He became convinced of the truths contained
therein, and in 1825 published his "Justification of the New Curative Method
of Dr. Hahnemann named Homoeopathy." In 1829 he treated homoeopath-
icallv the inmates of a hospital in Warsaw for the children of soldiers. In
fact ]v introduced homoeopathy into Warsaw.
In 1 82 1 Baron Francis Roller . an
Austrian, had carried the Organon to
Naples and where a translation had
been made under the auspices of the
Royal Academy. In 1822 he had called
to him Dr. George Necker, who had
been a student of Hahnemann and who
was the first physician to practice
homncnpathy in Italy. In May, 1823,
lie opened a homoeopathic dispensary
for the poor in his own house in Naples.
It was not long before Drs. Francisco
Romani, Giuseppe Mauro and Cosmo
Maria de Horatiis became converts.
In 1821 Dr. Hans Christian Lund,
a medical practitioner of Copenhagen,
then fifty-six years old, adopted homoe-
opathy and introduced it in Denmark.
He translated into Danish many books
and pamphlets on the subject, and in
1833 published a weekly paper. It is
claimed that Lund was the means of
inducing Hans Burch Gram to investi-
gate the teachings of homoeopath} .
In 1822 Dr. George A. H. Muhlenbein, an eminent practitioner of medi-
cine in the duchy of Brunswick, became acquainted with the principles of
homaopathy by reading the "Materia Medica Pura," and he soon adopted it in
his practice that extended over the whole of Northern Germany. He was
born Octo1)er 24, 1764, at Konigslutter, and died at Schoeningcn Januarv 8,
1845.
Moritz Wilhelm Miiller, one of the bright lights of the allopathic pro-
fession in Germany, became a convert to homoeopathy in 1819. Hartmann
thus mentions bis conversion : " I remember very well that time in the year
1819 when Miiller sent his amanuensis to me with the request to lend him
for a short time my copy of the Organon to read through. Shaking my head.
I handed it to him with the remark that so celebrated a star of the first mag-
nitude in the allopathic firmanent would hardly accept homoeopathy with firm
faith. Rut as we are sometimes deceived in this life it was so in this case."
Miiller became one of the most aggressive of the homoeopathists and was for
Dr. Julius Scliwcikert.
lllS'lOm' ( )!•■ HOMG^OPATin' Vi
nmnv years a prominent factor in the advancement of hom(e*i])ath\- in (jer-
nian\-. llis home was m Leipsic.
Dr. Fischer of Brunn used homoeopathic remedies before 1825 in Eiben-
shutz, Saar and Rossitz, in Moravia. In Brunn he had two ^Hes, Steigen-
tisch, a merchant, and Albrecht, a government official. The former had gone
through a course of surgery and had performed medical service in the army.
He treated chronic cases and had many adherents, chiefly among the higher
classes. Albrecht was a correspondent of Hahnemann and devoted himself
to the preparation of homceopathic remedies. He also was successful as a
practitioner. He was not a physician but was closely identified with the his-
tory of homo-opathy. In 185 1 he published a biographical sketch of Hahne-
mann.
44 HISTORY OF HO M CEO PATH Y
CHAPTER HI
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW YORK.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Introductory Observations — Condition of Homoeopathy at the Time of Gram's Arrival
in America — He Settles in New York — His Practice and Followers — Homoeopathic
Medical Societies, State and Local — Hospitals and Charitable Institutions — The
Pioneers of Homoeopathy in New York.
At the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century homceopathy in
Europe was in a satisfactory condition, increasing in popularity, and its exem-
plars were daily performing good works. Hahnemann at Coethen was busy
with his pen, his fertile brain evolving and sending forth into the world new-
principles for the guidance of his followers, encouraging them with sugges-
tion and advice ; and he was contented, his mind at peace with itself, and
he' with the world, and his personal comfort was equally assured. His
Organon had passed its third German edition, was translated into French and
his " Materia Medica Pura " in six volumes had been issued in its second edi-
tion. The school of medicine he had founded was then planted and firmly rooted
in nearly all the stronger European countries, but as yet the English speaking
people had not shown an inclination to accept the doctrine, or even to investi-
gate it, but had brushed it aside as a worthless invention put before a credu-
lous public for purposes of personal gain.
Such were the conditions with reference to the homoeopathic school of
medicine at the time of which we write, about the year 1825, when the whole
number of its practitioners probably numbered less than an hundred men, and
they equipped with not more than the limited knowledge acquired from the
study of such works as then were published on the subject. But out of this
comparative darkness there came a man of education and refinement, if not
of strong determination of character, and to him fell the lot of bearing the
gospel of homcieopathy across the Atlantic ocean to free America. There was
no unusual circumstance attending the voyage of Gram to America, nor did
he come for the especial purpose of proclaiming a new doctrine in medicine
to the people. Indeed, his purpose appears to have been quite to the contrary,
for then he possessed a competency, and his return to the land of his birth
was in the nature of a home-coming with its attending enjoyments in a wide
circle of friendships, which were his both then and afterward throughout the
period of his interesting life.
In the course of time Gram came to the city of New York, to visit with
relatives, and there was nothing then that indicated an inclination to take up
the practice of medicine until reverses of fortune compelled him to resume that
avocation as a means of livelihood ; and thus by force of circumstances —
necessity is a hard master — Hans Burch Gram became the pioneer of hon.oe-
opathy in America. Had misfortune overtaken him in Maine, where he hrst
landed, the pleasant distinction would have been accorded to the Pine Tree
rather than the Empire state.
HISTORY OF HO-MQ^OPATHY 45-
Gram stood alone in the practice of medicine according to the law of simi-
lars less than two years, and within the next ten years nine were gathered
together in tJie name of homoeopathy and organized themselves into that which,
they called the New York Homoeopathic Society, of which Gray was the
honored head, while its membership included the entire coterie of Hahne-
mannians — Strong, Baxter, Vanderburgh, Seymour, Lohse, Hull, Wilsey, Pat-
terson, Strong, Butler and Bock, physicians and believers but not all active
in the practice of medicine at that time.
Seven years later, 1841, the New York Homoeopathic Physicians Society
was organized in the city and admitted only medical practitioners to the benefit
of membership ; but its life was short and it passed out of existence in the
course of six or seven years. Just a little later New York city and the com-
monwealth was chiefly instrumental in organizing the American Institute of
Homoeopathy, the national society, whose province was then, as now, to safe-
guard the homoeopathic profession and practice against the wiles and schemes-
of those who would bring its principles and practice into ridicule and disre-
pute. The purpose of the institute was and is perfectly honorable ; its prin-
ciples are securely based in established truth, and its functions always have
been administered so as to elevate the profession and hold between it and all-
unworthy methods an impassable barrier.
Even before the organization of the institute the gospel of the school it
fostered and maintainecl had spread out into remote parts of the state, and
through its instrumentality societies were organized, many of them to continue
in life and usefulness to the present time, and a few to fall by the wavside
and pass into history in the ephemera of homoeopathy. In the state in 1852-
three hundred and one homoeopathic nractitioners were at work, and five years
later the number had increased to four hundred and fifty-three. In 1870 the
number was seven hundred and twenty-seven ; in 1880. nine hundred and
sixty-eight: in 1899 twelve hundred and three, and in .1904 twelve hundred and
six — more than a full regiment of professional soldiers, including manv offi-
cers, and in the ranks about one-sixth of the whole are those who abandoned
the allopathic and allied hosts to combat the ills of life under the standard
set up by Hahnemann something more than a centurv ago.
The old homoeopathic profession in New York did something more thaiT
organize societies for mutual benefit and protection ; something more tharr
merely work out the salvation and conversion of hundreds of medical practi-
tioners who were dissatisfied with the jharsh and arbitrary requirements of
the allopathic school, and something more than recruit its ranks with dis-
sentients from the eclectic school. The homoeopathic profession through well
directed effort made early and careful provision for the thorough education
of its representatives in the world of medicine, in the establishment of boards-
of examination to exercise censorship of the qualifications of practitioners
and others who aspired to the homoeopathic ranks. And as soon as the school
had become well grounded in the state an earnest effort was made to estab-
lish an institution of medical instruction. In this respect, however. Pennsvl-
vania preceded New York by several years, and through the endeavors of
Hering, Wesselhoeft, Detwiller and others, founded ,\llentown Academy, the
first institution of its kind in the world, and which ended its career after about
six years of indifferent success. It was followed in 1848 by the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania, with a seat of operation in Philadelphia.
However, in 1846 a petition was presented to the legislature of New Yorlc
46
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
praying for an act of incorporation of a homoeopathic medical college to be
located at Auburn, but the application was not favored by the legislative com-
mittee and the enterprise was compelled to be abandoned. It was not that
the legislature itself opposed the proposition to charter the college, but the
influence of the allopathic profession was strong enough to sway the legisla-
tive mind and accomplish the defeat of the measure. The effort was renewed
in 1853 under the influence of the state homoeopathic medical society, and
while more material progress was made at that time the project was again
abandoned, although provision was made in another way for the education
of those who sought to practice homoeopathic medicine. The first perma-
nent school of homoeopathic medical instruction in this state was founded in
i860, and from that time has been an
active factor in the history of the pro-
fession not only in New York, but
throughout America.
Such is a mere glance at homoeop-
athy in the state since Gram's advent
into its history in 1825. The retro-
spect has been brief, and little attention
has been given to the lives and works
of the pioneers or those who followed
him in the profession, that branch of
the subject being reserved for detailed
mention in later pages.
In the early history of homoeop-
athy in the state its votaries were fre-
quently subjected to indignity and in-
sult at the hands of their inconsiderate
brethren of the allopathic school, and
as the right to license physicians was
vested in that school through its socie-
ties and officers, the latter were never
slow in showing proper appreciation
of duty by refusing homoeopathic ap-
plicants license to practice, and if any
attempted so to do without the re-
quired authority, the offenders were
promptly brought to bar under
charges of malpractice or any other " trumped-up " complaints that would
best serve ihe ]iur]x)se of the dominant school and keep the homoeopath out
of the professional field.
As a matter of fact the first practitioners of homoeopathy in New York
city were subjected to persecution as well as prosecution by the opposing
school but the first open act of mean hostility was displayed in 1843, when
Drs. Hull and Wells applied for membership in the Kings County Medical
Society. The applications had been made in due form, all the requirements
had been complied with, their qualifications were unquestioned, for they were
thoroughly educated phvsicians, but thev were rejected because they were
houKcopatlis, and for no other reason. Wells accepted his rejection, but Hull,
of more determined character, brought the matter into court, and after the
suit had been dragged along through sixteen years of tedious routine, it was
Hans Burch Gram, M. D.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 47
finally decided in his favor. Then the society with much condescension offered
him a seat in its councils, but with his characteristic determination he coldly
declined the honor.
These incidents of persecution and petty annoyance of homceopathic
practitioners by the narrow partisans of allopathy are only a few of the hun-
dreds of similar proceedings indulged in ; and while they served the purpose
of a temporary expedient, they accomplished no good results for their own
profession, and only served to draw more closely together those who were the
victims of their venomous attacks, and at the same time aroused public sen-
timent in sympathy with the persecuted school.
As the law stood in 1844 all physicians not members of the county so-
ciety, or who had not the diploma of an incorporated medical college, were
presumed to be practicing without license, and therefore liable to prosecu-
tion and punishment ; and under the provisions of the law then on the statute
books the allopaths enjoyed a rich harvest* of persecution by refusing mem-
bership to homoeopathic applicants and then prosecuting them for unlawfully
practicing medicine. This period of oppression continued until along about
1855, when the legislature first showed a disposition to recognize the right of
the homoeopath to live and move and have his being. During the next year
an act passed the senate to authorize the incorporation of homoeopathic so-
cieties, but for some reason the bill "hung fire" in the lower house and failed
to pass. In the next year, however, the act was revived, passed both branches
of the legislature, and was approved by the governor, April 13. 1857.
This act always has been referred to as that "legalizing" homoeopathy
in the state of New York, which is a misnomer, and presupposes at some
time in the history of homoeopathy in the state that its practice was illegal,
which never was the case. However this may have been, the legalizing act
was secured largely through the influence of the Homoeopathic Medical So-
ciety of Northern New York. Since that time the state has given reasonably
fair treatment to the claims of the homoeopathic school, although no favors
ever have been asked, and under the laws now in force the regents of the
university have supervision of the regulations and requirements of admission
to practice medicine ; and under established provisions homoeopathy stands on
just the same footing as the allopathic school, with an equal standard of
efficiency and proficiency in its disciples.
But notwithstanding the so-called legalizing act of 1857, homoeopathy
was frequentlv afterward the target for allopathic shafts, and the spirit of
venom and malice was not at any time more strikingly shown than just be-
fore and during the war of 1861-1865. In treating of the incidents of this
period free use is made of the writings of contemporary historians. Says one
of them: In 1861 Dr. T. D. Stow endeavored to procure a surgeoncy in a
regiment of volunteers. He made application in due form and fvilfilled all
the requirements of the law, but was rejected because he was a homoeopath.
At the beginning of the war the homoeopaths made strenuous efforts to
he admitted as army surgeons and to the army hospitals ; many of the men
in the regiments preferred homoeopathic treatment, but were denied it. Much
was published at the time on the subject, and detailed accounts are to be found
"in the "Transactions" of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society.
This society took a decided stand for the introduction of homoeopathy in
tlie army, claiming it as a right, but that right was challenged and refused
b}' the allopathic authorities who were in power. But the most conspicuous
48 • HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
attempt to crush homceopathy, and which excited the indignation of the entire
country, was the contemptible action of Van Arman, an official of the pensions
department, who made the wonderful discovery in 1870 that Dr. Spooner, a
homoeopathic physician at Oneida, New York, was also pension surgeon and
examiner; and for this offense against the allopathic sense of fitness Spooner
was deposed. But homceopathy refused to submit tamely to this gratuitous
insult and promptly applied itself at the doors of the proper authorities in
Washington, and with such vigor and energy that the over-hasty official was
given an opportunity to resign. Soon afterward both houses of congress
passed an act providing that all appointments to medical service under the
government should be open to all graduates of legally chartered institutions,
W'ithout reference to preferred theories of treatment.
NEW YORK HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY
The first gathering of physicians for the purpose of forming a homoe-
opathic medical society in New York state was held at the common council
room in the city hall in Albany, ]\Iay 15, 1850. The organization then per-
fected was called Academy of ]\Iedicine of the State of New York. At the-
first annual meeting held in Albany, February 19, 1851, the name was changed
to Homoeopathic Medical Societv of the State of New York. It was com-
posed of individual members and was not a representative body. The meet-
ing was called to order by Dr. John F. Gray of New York city. Dr. D. Chase
of Palmyra was. chosen president, and Dr. H. D. Paine of Albany, secretary.
The following regular officers were then elected : President, J. M. Ward,
Albany ; vice-presidents, D. Chase, Palmyra, R. S. Bryan, Troy, A. S. Ball,.
New York ; secretary, H. D. Paine, Albany. The society held annual meet-
ings at different places until 1859. after which for two years there were no
meetings. A general feeling existed among the homoeopathic physicians of
the state that a new society should be organized as a thoroughly representa-
tive bod)% consisting of delegates from the various county and other societies
in the state, and pursuant to a call by the members of the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal Society of Oneida County, a meeting was held at Albany, February 28,
1861, composed mostly of such delegates. Dr. H. D. Paine, who was still
secretary of the old society, called the meeting to order. Dr. L. B. Wells
was chosen chairman, and H. M. Smith and H. M. Paine, secretaries. The
following officers were then elected : President, A. E. Potter, Oswego ; vice-
presidents, S. A. Cook, Troy, A. R. Wright, Buffalo, C. Ormes, Panama ;
secretary, H. M. Paine, Clinton ; treasurer, J. W. Cox, Albany ; censors, from
eight districts, Drs. T. Franklin Smith, H. Beaklev, W. S. Searle, B. F. Cor-
nell, W. H. Watson, J. R. White, C. W. Boyce and A. S. Couch. An act of
incorporation was procured April 17, 1862, and at a meeting held in Albany,
May 6, 1862, it w-as decided to proceed as if the society had not before existed.
At this meeting the following officers were ' elected : President, Jacob Beak-
ley. New York ; vice-presidents, A. R. Wright, Buffalo, F. A. Munger, Wa-
terville, W. S. Searle, Troy; secretary, H. M. Paine, Clinton; treasurer, L. B.
Wells, Utica. This society is still in active existence, and meets annually
in February at Albany, and semi-annually in various cities in September.
Members in 1903, 494. It lias published transactions, addresses, etc., from the
time of organization. The volumes from 1863 (Vol. I.) have been issued at
the expense of the state. Yo\s. I to XI are large octavo of from 200 to i.2CK>
pages. From 1874 the volumes have been bound in iiaper. The series of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 49
transactions were largely compiled by Dr. H. M. Paine, who has been called
the '•Homoeopathic Organizer." They are rich in history, biography and sta-
tistics of the growth of American homoeopathy. The fiftieth anniversary ol
the society was celebrated in Brooklyn, October 3-5, 1900.
The Homoeopathic Society of Central New York, a branch of the Ameri-
can Institute of Ilomoeopath}', had its origin in an informal meeting held in-
Syracuse, September 13, 1849. ^^^ the purpose of promoting the interests of
homoeopathy. Dr. A. L. Kellogg of Bridgewater was appointed chairman,,
and Dr. Augustus Pool of Oswego, secretary. The following committee of
correspondence Was appointed to perfect a plan of organization: S. W. Stew-
art and Fred Humphreys of Utica, and E. A. Munger of Waterville. This
committee called a meeting at the National hotel in Utica, January 16, 1850,
at which time the society was regularly organized and the following officers
were chosen : President, A. L. Kellogg, Bridgewater ; vice-president, L. B.
Wells, Pompey ; corresponding secretary, Fred Humphreys, Utica : record-
ing secretary, E. A. Munger, Waterville : censors, S. W. Stewart, F. Hum-
phreys, H. R. Foote, Leveritt Bishop, J. C. Raymond, yiet semi-annually and
annually in January. The society was continued but a few years. The "^lin-
utes" were published in 1850. The society made an exhaustive proving of
the apis mellific?.. which was published in pamphlet form.
The Central New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was the out-
growth of a convention of homoeopathic physicians of the counties of Broome,.
Cayuga, Cortland, Jefferson, Madison, Ontario, Oneida, Onondaga, Oswego,.
Seneca and Wayne, held at Syracuse May i, 1866. Officers elected: Presi-
dent, Lyman Clary, Syracuse ; vice-president, E. A. Potter, Oswego ; secre-
tary, E. R. Heath, Palmyra. It is still in active existence. At first it met
quarterly in September, December and March, the annual meeting being irr
June. It still meets in Rochester and Syracuse, but the annual meeting is
held in September in the latter city. Members in 1903, 40. Transactions
have been published irregularly.
The Flomoeopathic Medical Academy of the State of New York, includes
in its membership physicians of Yates, Ontario and Steuben and neighboring
counties. It was organized at Penn Yan, January i, 1853, under the law of
1848. First officers: President, Geo. W. Malin. Jerusalem: vice-president,
Richard Huson, Dundee: secretary, Samuel K. Huson, Dundee: treasurer, O.
W. Noble, Penn Yan. The academy met quarterlv in April, July and Octo--
ber at different places. The annual meeting was held in January.
The Homoeopathic Medical Societv of Northern New York was organ-
ized at Fort Ann, Washington county, October 16, 1852. Seven homoeopathic
physicians residing in \\'ashington and Saratoga counties had formed an as-
sociation called the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Counties of A\'ashing-
ton and Saratoga, of which the society here considered is the outgrowth. The
follow^ing officers were chosen at that meeting : President, B. F. Cornell,
Mcreau Station ; vice-president, E. B. Cole, Easton : secretarv, S. G. Perkins,
Waterford : treasurer, W. G. Walcott, Whitehall : censors, Z. Clements, Vic-
tory Mills, D. J. Easton, Saratoea Springs, W. G. Walcott, Whitehall. Met
semi-annually. Migratorv. Additions from the counties of Rensselaer.
Schenectady and Warren greatlv enlarged the society, and it was decided to
call it the Homoeopathic ^ledical Society of Northern New York. It was in-
corporated in 1857. To this society belongs the honor of orip-inating the
movement to secure legal rights for the homoeopathic societies of New York
50 • HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
state. At a meeting in 1856 a committee was appointed to memorialize the leg-
islature to that effect, and a bill was passed April 13, 1857. In July, 1859, ^
committee of correspondence was appointed to urge the organization of county
medical societies and to elect delegates to the meeting of the state society. A
circular was to have been issued, but in the meantime the Oneida County
Homoeopathic Society had issued such a document without knowledge of the
action of the northern society. Although the Oneida county members took
the active part at a meeting of the state society on February 10, 1863, due
credit was given to the initiative work of the northern society. It met an-
nually in January, and was discontinued some years ago.
The Southern Tier Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at El-
mira. January 20. 1874. First ofificers : President, Henry Sayles, Elmira;
A'ice-president, W. S. Purdy, Corning ; secretary and treasurer, W. J. Bryan,
Corning; incorporated April 16, 1878; published for a short time a journal
"The Regular- Physician," Dr. A. P. Hollett, editor; no transactions; stilly
existent. The annual meeting is held at Corning in January ; quarterly meet-
ings in April, July and October in different places. Members in 1903, 21.
The Western New York Homoeopathic Society was organized at Water-
loo, Seneca county, in 1845, '^"d meetings were provided to be held at the call
of the secretary. The first officers were C. D. Williams of Geneva, president;
H. H. Cator of Syracuse, vice-president ; A. Chiids of Waterloo, secretary.
The society published its proceedings in 1852, at which time, and indeed from
the year of its organization, it occupied a position of prominence in homoe-
opathic medical circles in Western New York and enjoyed the honor of hav-
ing taken the first steps toward the establishment of a homoeopathic medi-
cal college in New York state. The undertaking failed of success, however,
but the amJjition of its promoters is worthy of commendation and special men-
tion. The society became decadent in the course of a few years, but was re-~
vived at a meeting held in Buffalo, February 28, 1852, and then took the name
of "Flomoeopathic Association of Western New York and Branch of the Ameri-
can Institute of Homoeopathy." The first officers after the reorganization
were A. W. Grav, president ; I. J. ]\leacham, D. A. Baldwin, C. C. Crossfield,
L. N. Kenyon, f . C. Schell, S. Z. Haven, F. Ehrman, W. H. Bell, A. Chiids
and C. Parker, vice-presidents ; J. L. Gage, secretary ; J. F. Baker, treasurer.
The society continued in existence only a few years after the reorganization,
but during its brief career was an instrument of much good in the homoe-
opathic profession in Western New York.
The Western New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized
at the Tifft house, Buffalo, April 10, 1885. First officers: President, L. M.
Kenyon, Buffalo; vice-presidents, J. F. Baker, Batavia, W. B. Gifford, At-
tica ; recording secretary, jos. T. Cook, Buffalo ; treasurer, E. P. Hussev, Buf-
falo; censors, \'\. R. Wright, V. D. ( )rmes, S. W. Hurd, J. D. Zwetsch.' A. M.
Curtis. Quarterly meetings are held in dift'erent places in July, October and
January. The annual meeting is held in April in Buffalo and Rochester,
alternately. Members in it)03, \(yo. The society celebrated its first anniver-
sarv with a banquet on Hahnemann's birthda>', in union with the Monroe
County Homoeopathic Medical Society.
The INTedico-Chirurgical Society of Central New York was organized in
1896, and is not incorporated. It m.eets annually in Syracuse in June, and
semi-annually in different ])laces in December. Membership in 1903, y2.
HISTORY OF HOMa:OPATHY
51
The Hudson River Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at
Poughkeepsie in 1874.
The count}' medical societies of the state, with year of organization, are
as follows: Albany county, January, i860; Allegheny, July 10, 1883;
Broome, 1863; Cayuga, February 16, i860; Chautauqua and Cattaraugas,
1863; Chenuing. including Steuben and Schuyler, February 5, 1861 ; Chenango,
September 27, 1871 ; Columbia and Greene, October i, 1861 ; Dutchess, No-
vember 27, 1861 ; Erie, December 14, 1859; Kings, November 12, 1857; Liv-
ingston, December i, 1857; Madison, January 4, 1865; Monroe, January 2,
1866; Montgomery (including Fulton), February 4, 1869; New York, Aug-
ust 13, 1857; Niagara and Orleans, October 3, 1871 ; Oneida. October 20,
1857; Onondaga, 1862; Ontario and Yates, 1862; Orange, February 28, 1852;
Oswego, January 23, 1S61 ; Otsego, June 20. i860; Queens, June, 1873;
Rensselaer, June 9, 1859; Saratoga, 1863: Schuyler, 1850; Seneca, Septem-
ber 26, 1872; Steuben, May 25, 1867; St. Lawrence, October 4, 1871 ; Tioga,
-Mam Entrance ]\Iiddleto\vn State liomceopathic Hospital.
July 29, 1870; Tompkins. Cortland -and Tioga, September 25, 1874; Ulster,
May 10, 1865; Washington and Warren, October 16, 1852; Wayne, February
9, 1864; Westchester, February i, 1865.
In the establishment of institutions of charitable and benevolent charac-
ter homoeopathy secured an early foothold and worked with commendable
zeal until the school became well represented in all the larger municipalities
of the state ; but among the several early endeavors at founding institutions
that which led to the ultimate establishment of a state hospital for insane
patients is of first importance.
MIDDLETOWN STATE HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL
This institution was originally founded in pursuance of an act of the
legislature passed April 28, 1870, establishing at Middletown, in Orange
county, ^ a state lunatic asylum for "the care and treatment of the insane and
the inebriate upon the principles of medicine known as homoeopathic." The
movement, however, which led to the ultimate establishment of the hospital
had its inception in the address of John Stanton Gould before the State Homoe-
52 HISTORY OF HOAKEOPATHY
opathic Medical Society at its session in Albany in February, 1866. The sub-
ject of the orator's discourse was "The Relation of Insanity to Bodily Dis-
ease," and in the course of his remarks attention was called to the necessity
of a riiCW state asylum for lunatics in the southern tier counties of the state,
and claimed as a matter of justice that when organized the institution should
be placed under the homoeopathic school of medicine.
This seems to have been the crystallizing point of the earnest desire of
the homoeopathic profession throughout the state, for at the next meeting
of the state society in February, 1867, a resolution was offered by Dr. Paine
of Albany to the effect that "Whereas, a bill authorizing the erection of a new
lunatic asylum is now pending before the legislature," therefore a committee
should be appointed to prepare a memorial asking "for such action as shall
place said institution under the care of the homoeopathic school."
But notwithstanding the laudable efforts of the advocates of the enter-
prise and their apparent zeal for its consummation, nothing was accomplished
until some years afterward. In the meantime, however, Dr. Hilon Doty had
come forward with a proposition to turn over his private asylum, "Margaretts-
ville Retreat for the Insane," to a board of trustees or managers of an incor-
porated institution under homoeopathic control, and while an act of incorpora-
tion was secured in 1869 through the influence of the state medical society,
nothing was done until December of that year, when Dr. George E. Foote of
Middletown presented to the homoeopathic profession a plan to establish an
insane asylum, founded by subscription and endowment, and organized as a
close corporation. This proposition met Avith favor, and sufficient subscrip-
tions were received to insure success, but it soon became necessary to give
the institution a more public character and to enlist state support. Accord-
ingly, it was planned to make it a state asylum ; the time was deemed ripe
for such a movement, and the governor in his last message had pointed out
the need of better and more accommodations for the insane charges upon
the public bounty. The friends of the movement were quick to see their
opportunity and threw themselves earnestly into the work, leaving no stone-
unturned until their desires were gratified in the passage of an act, April 28,
1870, establishing a state lunatic asylum at Middletown under homoeopathic
management. It was not the first homoeopathic asylum in the world, as has
been asserted, but was the first of its kind in America under purely homoe-
opathic management. It was formally opened for patients. April 20, 1874.
The name was changed in conformity to the provisions of an act of the legis-
lature, and then became known as Middletown State Homoeopathic Hospital.
The Gowanda State Homoeopathic Hospital had its ince|)tion in a reso-
lution of the board of supervisors of Erie county, passed in t888 in pursuance
of an act of the legislature authorizing the erection and maintenance of a
county homoeopathic insane asylum. Under the original authorization the
necessary preliminary steps were taken, but after a few years the question
of state ownership and support was discussed with much earnestness, with
result in 1894 of such action on the part of the state as vested the ownership
of the institution and its property in the commonwealth, and created what
then was known as the Collins State Homoeopathic Hospital.
This result, however, was not accomplished without determined action on
the part of the homoeopathic profession ?nd particularly of its state and
Western New York medical societies. The first trustees, now designated'
as managers, comprised Dr. William Tod Hclmuth. president; Fred J. Black-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 53
man, secretary; and Dr. Asa S. Couch. This board was continued until 1897,
when it was increased to seven members, constituted as follows : William
Tod Helmuth of New York city, president ; Dr. Asa S. Couch, of Fredonia,
secretary; Fred J. Blackman of Gowanda, treasurer; Dr. Sidney F. Wilcox
•of New York city ; G. W. Seymour of Westfield ; F. D. Ormes of Jamestown ;
and Dr. E. H. Walcott of Rochester. In 1899, by an act of the legislature,
the name was changed to Gowanda State Homoeopathic Hospital. The insti-
tution was opened for patients August i, 1898. The present managers are
Dr. Eugene H. Porter of New York city, Fred J. Blackman of Gowanda,
Frank W. Crandall of Westfield,. Edwin H. Walcott of Rochester, and Erwin
C. Fisher of Gowanda. Superintendent, Dr. D. H. Arthur.
The Brooklyn Homoeopathic Hospital resulted from the enlargement and
modification of the old Brooklyn Homoeopathic Dispensary, which was in-
corporated in December, 1852, and opened for patients in January of the fol-
lowing year. This splendid charity was founded by Edward Dunham, father
■of Dr. Carroll Dunham, and was organized with seven trustees. In 1871 a
Main Building IMiddletown State Homoeopathic Hospital.
special act of the legislature changed the name to the Brooklyn Homoeopathic
Hospital, and authorized its trustees to buy, sell, lease or encumber real
estate for the purposes of the corporation in estabhshing and maintaining the
hospital. At the time the state appropriated $10,000 for the hospital, and
a charity ball held at the Academy of Music in Brooklyn netted the trustees
.$3,000 more. In December, 1871, the trustees purchased the premises and
building formerly the property of the Brooklyn Orphan Asylum, made sev-
eral important alterations, and formally opened it as their own hospital home
on February 13, 1873; but such additions have been made in later years that
the building bears little resemblance to its original self. The nurses' school
in connection with the hospital was opened in 1878. In 1901 the hospital and
property passed under the ownership of the citv of New York.
The Children's Hospital of the Five Points House of Industr}^ was estab-
lished under that name in 1886, yet its history dates to the year 1861, when
old Dr. Joslin, of honored memory, was asked to give homoeopathic treatment
to the sick children of the old house of industry. The hospital was the natural
54 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
and gradual outgrowth of the older institution and the building for its occu-
pancy was erected in 1886, the corrier stone being laid in August of that year,
while the formal opening was held in April, 1887. Since Dr. Joslin's time this
institution has been conducted under homcEopathic management.
The Woman's Infirmary Association of Washington Heights was organ-
ized mainly thrdugh the efforts of the late Dr. J. W. Mitchell. It was incor-
porated in October, 1863, opened May 19, 1864, and in 1868 was removed from
its former location to the comer of Sixth avenue and West Forty-eighth
street. In 1869 this charity was merged in the woman's department of Hahne-
mann Hospital.
The Albany City Homoeopathic Hospital was incorporated April 9, 1868,
as the Albany Homoeopathic Dispensary, although a previous organization
had been in existence since 1867. A new incorporation was effected October
30, 1872, at which time the institution took its present name. The first meet-
ing of trustees was held November 6, 1872. The dispensary and hospital
occupied the same building and were under the same management, although
in a sense distinct organizations, but in May, 1875, they were imited by act
of the legislature under the name of Albany City Hospital and Dispensary.
The institution always has been under homoeopathic control, and is supported
bv citv appropriations, individual contributions and revenues derived from
private patients.
Hahnemann Hospital, New Y''ork city, is one of the noblest institutions
of homoeopath}^ in America, and also is one of the most extensive of its kind
in the world. The original hospital association was formed September 7,
1869, and on the evening of December 14 following a large meeting was held
in the Union League Club theatre to inaugurate a movement to establish a
homoeopathic hospital in the city. Dr. John F. Gray, one of the oldest and
best representatives of his school in the city, was chairman of the meeting,
and under his inspiration much enthusiasm was shown in the proceedings, and
the movement w'hich before had been one of discussion only at once took
more definite form. A building was secured at 307 East Fifty-fifth street,
and a hospital capable of accommodating fifteen patients was opened in Jan-
uary, 1870, there being one ward for men and one for women. Dr. F. Seeger
was the first medical director.
The Ladies' Aid Society of the Hahnemann Hospital was organized in
December, 1869, and at once took measures to raise funds for the hospital.
The state, through the legislature, gave material aid to the association in the
way of property rights to the value of from $70,000 to $80,000, and also gave
through the charity appropriation bill $20,000 ; the city of New York appro-
priated $10,000. In 1871 the trustees of the New York Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College dispensary held a meeting to establish in connection with the col-
lege a surgical hospital for clinical purposes. In this project, too, the ladies
became interested and undertook to raise funds for a building by a fair held
in the spring of 1872, from which enterprise they realized the net sum of $35>-
000. With this fund the trustees purchased the property at 26 Gramercr
park, but owing to opposition from adjoining owners the site was abandoned
for another at Thirty-seventh street and Lexington avenue.
At this time there existed in New York three distinct hospital organiza-
tions, all under the patronage of homoeopathv and its' friends. These were the
Hahnemann Hospital, the New York Homoeopathic Surijical Hospital and
the New Y'ork Homoeopathic Hospital for Women and Children. After con-
HISTORY UF IKjMCKUi'ATHY
55
siderablc discussion these institutions were mer.qed and consolidated under
one organization in pursuance of an act of tlie legislature passed March 20,
1875. ^'1^ "<-'^\' corporation at once set vigorously about the task of provid-
ing a hospital liome ; the ladies association held another fair, and presented
the trustees the neat sum of $25,000; the sum of $3,000 was acquired from
other sources, and $15,000 was alread\- in the treasury; the city gave the
land at Fourth avenue and 67th and 68th streets, and on that site the erec-
tion of a hospital was begun, the corner stone being laid ( )ctober 25, 1876.
The hospital was formally opened October 31, 1878, and since that time has
been one of the most useful charities of the cit\.
The Brooklyn Maternity Hospital was organized under charter of lan-
uary 24, 1871, as the Brooklyn Homoeopathic Lying-in Asvlum, and its ob-
ject was to furnish patients exclusive honKeopathic treatment and care dur-
ing confinement. In March, 1873. a children's nursery was established in
connection with the hospital, and in October of the same year a training school
.Metroi)()liian Hospital, Blackwell's Island.
for nurses was organized, being tlie first school for the exclusive and thor-
ough training of nurses in this coimtry. It was then known as the New York
State School for Training Nurses. In 1873 '^'1*-' nanK' of the hospital was
changed from Brooklyn Homceopathic Lying-in Asvlum to Brooklyn Mater-
nity Hospital, as since and now known.
The Brooklyn Nursery and Infant's Hospital was incorporated and organ-
ized August 7, 1871, as the Flatbush Industrial School and Nurserv. The
present name was adopted Februarv 15. 1872. The institution is managed
under houKieopathic supervision, and is supported by city appropriations and
donations from private sources.
The rUiftalo Homceopathic Hospital dates its historv from the year 1872,
when a])plication was made to the trustees of the Buffalo General Hospital
for a ward to be set a])art for such patients as preferred homoeopathic treat-
ment; and while it was proposed from the outset that the expense of the
separate ward should bo borne b>- friends and j^atrons of homoeopathy, the
i>^ HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
application was refused on the ground that the charter of the institution pro-
hibited practice there of any other than representatives of the allopathic
school. This refusal may have been justifiable under the strict construction
of the terms of the charter, but it had the effect to stimulate action on the
part of friends of homoeopathy in the matter of establishing in the city a hos-
pital which should be entirely imder homoeopathic control. For that purpose
an organization was perfected in August, 1872, in pursuance of an act of
incorporation passed June 25 previously. Lands were at once secured, funds
Avere raised, and in October of the same year the first homoeopathic hospital
in Buffalo was formally opened. After two years the original property was
sold and a new and more desirable site was secured. The nurses' home and
nurses' school were established in 1887. The hospital with its auxiliary build-
ings and associations is one of the most praiseworthy charitable institutions of
the city, and in the public estimation occupies a position of importance. It
has been the beneficiary of several notable donations, and the entertainments
in its behalf have always attracted the favor of the substantial element of the
community.
The Metroi:iolitan Hospital on Blackwell's Island dates its history from
the year 1894, and is the outgrowth of the older institution known in history
as the New York Charity Hospital on Ward's Island. The latter institution
was the result of a movement which originated as far back as 1857, when
the homoeopathic profession in New York was making an earnest and honest
endeavor to introduce its treatment in some of the great charities of the city.
The efforts then made were well directed but the petition presented to the
authorities seems to have fallen into the hands of the old allopathic enemy,
as the majority report of a select committee declared "that it would be both
imwise and inexpedient to change the medical government of Bellevue Hos-
pital, or place any portion of it in charge of a board of homoeopathic practi-
tioners for the purpose of experimenting with that system of practice upon
its inmates." The minority member of the same committee also made a re-
port, but liis declarations availed nothing against those of the majority.
Allhough the adverse report of the commissioners had not a disheartening ef-
fect upon the hopes of the homoeopathic profession and its friends in the city,
there was no further well organized attempt to introduce homoeopathy into
the public charitable institutions until the winter of 1874-5, when the sub-
ject of homoeopathic success in general was being discussed in one of the
leading clubs by several men of prominence in professional and official circles.
A narrative of the events of the occasion are not deemed important here, but
the consensus of opinion inclined to the belief that the homoeopathic profes-
sion was entitled to representation in the great charitable institutions of the
city ; and out of the opinions then well voiced there grew a petition which was
so strongly reinforced with names of representative men that the commis-
sioners of charities could not turn a deaf ear to its presentations, for it asked
only the recognition of a right, and not a favor. The county homoeopathic
society also took an active part in the movement, and as its result, on August
7. T875. the commissioners agreed that a part of the old inebriate asylum
on \\'ard's Island should be set apart for a hospital to be under the charge
of homoeopathic physicians, subject to such rules as the charities department
might establish. A homoeopathic medical board was created and held its first
meeting September 4, 1875, at the residence of Dr. W. H. White, electing
at that time these officers : Dr. Egbert Guernsey, president ; W. Hanford
JIIS'I()RV OF IK ).M(T:0]\\TTIY 57
White, vice-president ; A. K. Hills, secretary. Dr. Selden H. Talcott was
appointed chief-of-staff of the new hospital, and the first house staff comprised
Drs. Duncan, Macfarlan, Madden, Sullivan and Nichols. On September 21
the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society visited the hospital, and
on October 15 the institution was formally opened for the reception of patients.
On March 26, 1894, the Homceopathic Hospital on Ward's Island ceased
to exist, and on that date the patients from the homoeopathic hospital were
transferred to Blackwell's Island, where the Metropolitan Hospital was estab-
hshed. Like its predecessor, it is under the care of the board of charities, but
is in charge of homoeopathic practitioners, and one of the most useful aux-
iliaries of the medical colleges of the greater city.
The New York Homoeopathic Surgical Hospital was one of the three
institutions that eventually merged to form the Hahnemann Hospital. It
Avas opened at Fifty-fourth street and Broadway under the auspices of the
Ladies' Aid Society, June 4, 1875; the first patient was received June 18, 1875.
The Memorial Hospital for Women and Children was incorporated and
organized in 1883 as the Brooklyn Women's Homoeopathic Hospital and Dis-
pensary, but later on the name was changed to that which heads this brief
sketch. This is one of the splendid charities for which the city of Brooklyn
is famous. It is supported by private contributions, private patients, and the
earnings of the nurses' departlnent. The institution in all its departments is
managed by women alone.
The Isabella Helmuth HosjMtal for the care and treatment of chronic
invalids was founded in New York city in 1889.
The Laura Franklin Free Hospital for Children, for several years one
of the notable charities of New York city, was founded largely through the
personal influence of the late Dr. Timothy Field Allen, the great homoe-
opathic organizer and builder up of institutions. The hospital, however, was
built by Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Delano as a memorial of their daughter. It
was opened under homoeopathic- supervision, November 9. 1886. and is located
on One Hundred and Eleventh street between Fifth and Madison avenues.
The House of the Good Samaritan Deaconesses at Thirty-eighth street
and Seventh avenue. New York city, an institution of the ^Methodist Episcopal
church, and under homoeopathic medical supervision, was opened January 3,
1887. as an adjunct of the western dispensary. In 1889 it was united with
Hahnemann Hospital.
The Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital, one of the best institutions of its
character in the state, is the outgrowth of a meeting of the Monroe County
Homoeopathic Medical Society held at Rochester in the spring of 1886. At
that time the desirability of establishing a homceopathic hospital was discussed,
and a committee was appointed to select a site for a hospital building and
arrange for its erection. The members of the committee were Drs. Sumner,
Adams, Ruell, Wolcott, Carr. Fowler, Dayfoot, Spencer and Lee. However,
nothing definite was accomplished until May of the next year, when thirteen
interested persons were incorporated as trustees of the Rochester Homoeopathic
Hospital. The first meeting of the board was held December 4, 1888. A lot
was soon afterward secured, buildings were erected and on the opening of the
institution, September 18, 1889, visitors were greeted with a view of four
splendid buildings — hospital, nurses house, dispensary and laundry. The
nurse's school was opened December i, 1889. In 1890 donations were re-
ceived from Don Alnnzo Watson and ^Ir. and Mrs. Hiram Siblev. amounting
58 HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY
in the aggregate to the sum of $30,000, which enabled the hospital corporation
to free itself of debt. In 1892 the trustees secured additional lands, a desir-
able tract of eight acres, and at once set about the erection of a series of mod-
ern hospital buildings, adopting- the then new but now popular cottage plan
of construction. The work was completed and the new buildings opened No-
vember 21, 1894, and comprised a series of comfortable structures known re-'
spectively as the administration building, Watson pavilion, Sibley pavilion,
Watson surgical pavilion, Hollister building. Brothers cottage, the morgue,
and the kitchen building. The department of bacteriology was established in
1896, and the new maternity ward was built in 1899. Thus the trustees of
the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital have become possessed of one of the
most complete institutions of its kind in the country, and one in which the
people of Rochester feel pardonable pride. It is indeed the popular hospital
of the city, and its corporation has at various times been made the recipient
of generous benefactions.
The Florence Hospital of New York city was established and incorporated
in 1889, and was opened for patients in the following year. It was founded
largely through the influence of the late Dr. William Tod Helmuth and the
generosity of other friends of homoeopathy in the city.
The Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital of Rochester dates its his-
torv from the year 1888, when certain homoeopathic physicians of the city
became satisfied that the practice of medicine as approved by the majority of
members of the Monroe County HomcEopathic Medical Society was not in
accord with the strict teachings of Hahnemann, and they therefore withdrew
their membership in that organization and formed the Rochester Hahneman-
nian Society and issued a circular advocating the founding of a hospital agree-
able to the strict principles laid down by the founder— Hahnemann — in the
Organon. The physicians most directly connected with the move-
ment and who were chiefly instrumental in founding the hospital were Drs.
Biegler, Schmitt, Johnson, Rrownell. Carr, Grant, Hoard. Hermance and Nor-
man. Several meetings were held, which were attended bv both physicians
and laymen, an'cl resulted in the organization of a hospital board. An incor-
poration was efifected April 4. 1889. but even before the act was passed Dr.
Biegler had secured an option on the Judge Selden property on Oakland street,
comprising three acres of land on an eminence commanding a view of the city.
On February 5, 1889. the premises were leased, with the privilege to ])urchase
at a later date. The Selden residence was at once refitted for its intended
new occupancy ; an association of lady managers was formed in I<\'l:)ruary,
1889, and on April 10 following (Hahnemann's birthday) the institution was
formallv opened, the orator of the occasion being Dr. Clarence Willard Butler
of Montclair, New Jersey, and the subject of his address "An Appeal for
Hahnemann's Homoeopathy." When the trustees and managers desired to
raise funds for the i)urchase of hospital property and the establishment of
endowed beds, the nniltitude of friends of homoeopathy came to the relief of
the corporation with generous donations. In August, 1890. INIrs. Appleton of
Boston, daughter of Louis Stanislaus Hargous, gave the trustees the sum of
$35,000 as a memorial of the professional services of Dr. Biegler to her family,
and also as a means of expressing her gratitude to him and to homceopathy.
A gift also of $10,000 bv Susan Jeanette and Louis Stanislaus Hargous en-
dowed free beds in the hospital, and as an appreciation of these benefactions
the hosjiital was given the name Hargous Memorial Hahnemann Hospital of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 59
Rochester. A new building was erected in 1902, and since that time the insti-
tution has occupied a new and advanced position amonfy the charities of the
city. ,
The Bufifalo Honi(eoi)athic Hospital was founded and opened in 1892 for
the especial purpose of furnishinii^ dispensary treatment to patients who are
unable to pay the ordinary physician's charges. The institution was founded
through the generosity of several men of means, who were interested in phil-
anthropic work. Its doors were opened for patients June i. 1892.
The Utica Homoeopathic Hospital at Utica. New York, was founded in
1895, ^"*^^ ^^'^s opened for patients September 28 of that year. Among those
diiectly concerned in the enterprise in its early history, and who also were
its officers, were Dr. William H. Watson, president ; Dr. F. F. Laird, medical
director ; and Dr. M. O. Terry, surgeon-in-chief. A nurses' training school
is conducted in connection wdth this hospital.
The Syracuse Homoeopathic Hospital was founded in 1896. An organi-
Utica Homreopathic Hospital.
zation w'as effected in the earl\- part of that year, and at a meeting of the
Onondaga County Homoeopathic Medical Society held in May a comitiittee
of the hospital trustees announced to the society that they had resolved upon
the purchase of a site for a hospital building. An original hospital incorpora-
tion had been effected in 1895. ^""^^ J^^^*^ o"^ y^^^ afterward the institution was
ready for patients. The affairs of the association prospered for a time, then
seemed to become decadent and in a bad way financially until the generous
offer of a new site for a hospital building by John Lyman and wdfe awakened
new and lively interest in its welfare. Air. Lyman's deed of gift of the Salina
street property bears date January i, 1903.
The Harlem Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary. Xew York city, was
founded and opened in March. 1896. The Yonkers Homoeopathic Hospital
and Maternity Home was estal)lished in 1896. The Mt. A'ernon Homoeopathic
Hospital was incorporated and organized in 1897.
€0 HISTORY OF HOAKJiOPATHY
REMINISCENCES.
The stor\- of the origin and marvellons growth of homoeopathy in the
United States had its beginning in the year 1825 in the city of New York,
when Dr. Hans Burch Gram, a brilHant surgeon, physician and scholar, visited
that city, wliere his l^rother, Neils B. Gram, resided. Dr. Gram, an American
by birth, had recently come from Copenhagen in Denmark, where he had been
educated and where he had become a believer in the medical doctrines promul-
gated by Hahnemann the founder. Thus, in America Gram was the first
exemplar to teach and to practice medicine according to the law of homoe-
opathy.
Hans Burch Gram was the son of Hans Gram, whose father was a wealthy
sea captain of Copenhagen. Hans Gram when a young man. was private secre-
tary to the governor of the Danish island of Santa Cruz. While travelling in
the United States in 1782 or 1783 he became interested in a Miss Burdick, the
daughter of a hotel keeper in Boston, where Gram was then living. He mar-
ried her and for his action his father disinherited him, but relenting on his
deathbed, left him his fortune. Mr. Gram settled permanently in Boston after
his marriage, but the records of his life are meagre. At one time he was liv-
ing in Cambridge and was an organist. He afterward lived on Common
street, where he died in 1803. Mr. Gram on hearing of the death of his father
prepared to leave Boston and return to his native land and receive his patri-
mony, but the night before he was to have sailed for Denmark he was taken
sick aiid died in a few hours. His widow survived him but two years, dying
in 1805.
Hans Burch Gram, the son, a year later, in 1806, at the age of eighteen
years, went to Copenhagen to claim the fortune left by his grandfather. He
obtained a portion of it and was successful in finding friends and relatives
willing to aid him. Prof. Fenger, physician-in-ordinary to the king, was his
imcle, and through his favor Gram received a superior education. He was
placed in the Royal Medical and Surgical Institution, and Dr. Fenger gave
liim every advantage of the other schools and later of the hospitals of Northern
Europe. Within a year after his arrival in Copenhagen he was appointed by
the king assistant surgeon to a large military hospital. This appointment
was preceded by a rigorous examination in Latin, Greek, philosophy, anatomy
and minor surgery. He was ofificially connected with the hospital as surgeon
during the last seven years of the Napoleonic wars, residing therein much of
the time. In 18 14 he resigned his position, having been advanced to the rank
of surgeon, and won the highest grade of merit in the Royal Academy of
Surgery, with the degree of C. M. L., the highest of three degrees. He then
devoted himself to general practice in Copenhagen, and so successfully that
at the age of forty years he had acquired a competence for himself and also
was enabled to assist the members of his family, all of whom had remained
in the United States.
During the years 1823 and 1824, (iram had become acc|uainted with the
principles of homoeopathy and had tested the new system very carefullv on his
own person and in his extensive practice, and had become convinced of the
truth of the doctrines propounded by Hahnemann. But he longed to see his
family in America, and therefore returned to the land of his birth. He sailed
from Stockholm in the ship "Vv'illiam Penn," Captain William Thompson, and
landed with him at Mount Desert, Maine, where he lived for some time as a
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY HI
guest of Dr. Kendall Kittridge, the first doctor ever settled on the island.
Gram afterward took passage with Captain Thompson for New York, where
he landed some time in 1825 and where his brother, Neils B. Gram, was estab-
lished in business. He lost his fortune by endorsing notes for this brother,
who seems to have been unfortunate, and was obliged to resume the practice
of medicine.
It is probable that Gram was induced to return to America more because
he believed he could disseminate the doctrines of homoeopathy than with any
thought of entering into active practice. He was a ripe scholar and in Europe
had been the associate of many learned men. However, he opened an office
in New York, though on account of his modesty it was several years before
he became well acquainted with his brothers in the profession. Gray says of
him : "He was too modest by far in his intercourse with his fellow men. He
was not diffident nor timid, for no surgeon knew better how to decide when
or how any operation of the art should be performed, and very few, indeed,
could operate with his skill and adroitness; but in conversing with a fellow-
practitioner he very much preferred hearing the sentiments and opinions of
others to delivering his own. He made it a rule never to express his opinions
on scientific matters until they were sought for in detail. Yet Gram was apt
and willing to converse and to teach." It is thought that he must have been
a homoeopathist in Copenhagen for ten or twelve years previous to his depar-
ture, and he claimed to have been one of the earliest of the European believ-
ers. Desiring to call the attention of the medical profession of New York to
the subject of homoeopathy, a few months after his settlement he made a
translation of Hahnemann's " Geist der homoeopathischen Heil-lehre "" and pub-
lished it in a small pamphlet of twenty-four octavo pages, with the title *' The
Character of Homoeopathy." This work was dedicated to Dr. David Hosack,
at that time president of the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons
and professor of theory and practice in that institution. This essay was first
published in a German newspaper of March, 1813, and afterward in a volume
of the second edition of the " Materia Medica Pura."' It was printed in the
form of a letter to Hosack, and was gratuitously distributed among the lead-
ing members of the medical profession, and especially to the medical schools.
Gram had long been away from the country and his English was bad.
His twenty years in Denmark gave this little missionary tract such a Danish-
German-English grotesqueness and such complicated grammatical construc-
tion that it was difficult to' read understandingly. Gray doubted whether any
one to whom it was sent ever did read it. Hosack said he had not done so.
Gram was greatly disappointed that the truth he so firmly believed in should
be so coldly received, and with the exception of certain manuscripts afterward
loaned to Folger, and lost by him, nothing further was written bv him. This
pamphlet was the first ever published in the United States on the subject of
homoeopathy. Only one copy is known to exist, and that was presented by
Mrs. Wilsey to Dr. Henry ]M. Smith and by him donated to the New York
library.
A powerful factor in the introduction of Gram to his fellows in Ne\v
York was that he was an enthusiastic royal arch mason, and it was through
the influence of the lodge room that he formed several close friendships with
influential persons ; he met Folger at a masonic meeting. It is said that he
was an officer in Jerusalem chapter No. 8. and took part in the exaltation of
Folo-er at an extra meeting on ^lav 2^ 1826. After the ceremony Gram intro-
62
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
duced himself to Folger and thus formed an acquaintance that lasted until
the latter left the city, in 1828.
Robert B. Folger, born in Hudson, N. Y., in 1803, commenced the prac-
tice of allopathic medicine in New York in 1824. For some time after he met
Gram he ridiculed the new method of small doses, but in August, 1826, Gram,
at P'olger's request, treated successfully several cases that the latter had deemed
incurable. He then became interested and began the study of German under
Gram's tuition, reading with him the Organon and the " Materia Medica Pura."
Folger began the practice of homoeopathy in 1827, but having no confidence in
his own knowledge of the system. Gram accompanied him when he visited his
patients. In 1828, on account of ill health, he was obliged to visit the south,
Surg. Gen. S. N. Y.
and Gram bade him goodbye at the vessel when he sailed. During this time
Folger was Gram's only student and assistant. After Folger went south his
connection with Gram ceased and he did not again practice medicine. He re-
turned to New York in 1835 and gave his attention to mercantile pursuits.
During the first week of their acc|uaintance. Gram introduced the subject of
homoeopathy, presented him with his pamphlet and with a manuscript article
on the pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. While Folger was in North
Carolina Gram determined to go there, and was to have joined him in Char-
lotte in 1828, but reverses in l)usiness on T^olger's part caused the project to
be abandoned.
In November, 1827, Gram was proposed for membership in the ^Medical
and Philoso])hical Society of New York, and was elected the following Feb-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 63
ruary, initiated in June, 1828, and at the general meeting the next month was
elected corresponding secretary. In July, 1830, he was elected president. He
had taken a prominent part in all the proceedings of the society and in Janu-
ary, 1829, proposed a plan of correspondence with the fellows, soliciting their
co-operation in collecting facts, especially respecting diseases and remedies,
whereby much knowledge could be obtained, erroneous opinions corrected,
and sound doctrines become better known and appreciated.
In September, 1826, Folger introduced Gram to Ferdinand Little W'ilsey,
a merchant, who also was a prominent mason and master of a lodge, in order
that Gram might instruct him on certain important masonic points. Mr. Wil-
sey was born in 57 Reade street, New York, June 23, 1797. A friendship was
at once established between the successful merchant and the physician, and
the former often entertained Gram at his house. \Mlsey was a sufferer from
dyspepsia and his own physician, Dr. John F. Gray, having failed to relieve
him, he was induced to place himself in his friend's care, and thus became the
first patient who was treated with homoeopathic remedies in the United States.
The success of the treatment was such that Wilsey, who for some time had
inclined toward the healing art, began the study of medicine under Gram, at
the same time attending lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
He began practice in private, acquiring the title of doctor and quite a reputa-
tion among his friends, with whom his medical services were entirely gratui-
tous. The panic of 1837 caused him to give up mercantile pursuits and. being
somewhat reduced in fortune, his friends procured for him a situation in the
custom house, which he accepted, still continuing his private practice. Dr.
Wilsey received the medical degree from the College of Physicians in 1844.
In 1845 he joined a company for mining copper in Cuba, and sailed for that*
island to superintend operations. The project was a failure, his health became
poor, and returning to New York, he at once opened an office and commenced
for the first time the public practice of medicine. His efforts were successful
and he amassed a considerable fortune. A few years previous to his death
ill health caused him to give up practice and remove to Bergen, N. J., where
he died May 11, j86o. He was devotedly attached to Gram and remained so
during his life ; was his companion in his last illness, and the last at his final
resting place. He was the first convert to the doctrines of homoeopathy in
the United States, and also the first American who made any pretension to
practice the same. Wilsey had frequently urged his old family physician. Dr.
John Franklin Gray, to be introduced to Gram, but Gray considered him a
quack and refused to meet him until in 1827, when in Wilsey's store thev be-
came acquainted. Gray soon became interested in the new theorv of cure
and permitted himself to discuss it with Gram. It was with reluctance, how-
ever, that he consented to Wilsey's placing himself under Gram's treatment
for his dyspepsia.
Dr. Gray thus told the story of Wilsey's conversion to homoeopathv : "I
had treated Wilsey for dvspepsia for a long time with such poor success that
at his request I consented with much reluctance and almost boorishlv to place
him under Dr. Gram's care, to test the value of the improved practice. Under
his treatment the patient experienced early and marked benefits. At that time
I ascribed the change to his improved diet. But as I could not answer Gram's
arguments in support of the new method, and as my training, reading and ex-
perience, which had been unusually extensive for so young a man, had failed
to inspire me with confidence in any past or existing plan of therapeutics. I
64 HISTORY OF. HOMOEOPATHY
was soon ready to put the method of Hahnemann to the test of a fair and
rigorous observation. Moreover, Gram's inimitable modesty in debate, and
his earnest zeal for the good and the true in all ways and directions, and his
vast culture in science and art, in history and philosophy, greatly surpassing
in these respects any of the academic or medical professors I had known,
very much shortened mv dialectic opposition to the new system. I selected
three cases for the trial, the first, hemoptysis in a scrofulous girl, complicated
with amenorrhoea ; the second, mania puerperalis. of three months' standing ;
and the last, anasarca and ascites in an habitual drunkard. Following Gram's
instructions, I furnished the proper registry of the symptoms in each case.
He patiently and faithfully waded through the six volumes of Hahnemann's
"Materia Medica" (luckily we had no manuals then) and prescribed a single
remedy in each case. The first and third cases were promptly cured by a
single dose of the remedy prescribed, and the conditions as to diet and moral
impressions were so arranged by me (Gram did not see either of the patients)
that, greatly to my surprise and joy, very little room was le-ft for a doubt as
to the efficacy of the specifics applied. The case of mania was perhaps the
stronger testimony of the two. The patient was placed under the rule of diet
for fourteen days previous to the administration of the remedy chosen by
Gram. Not the slightest mitigation of the maniacal suft'ering occurred in that
time. At the time of the giving of the remedy, which was a single drop of
very dilute tincture of nux vomica in a drink of sweetened water, the patient
was more furious than usual, tearing her clothing ofif, and angrily resisting all
attempts to soothe her. She finally recovered h€r reason within half an hour
after taking the nux vomica and never lost it afterward. I was determined
the patient should not have the advantage of imagination, so I gave her a
junk bottle full of molasses and water during the fourteen days and made her
take a tablespoonful every two hours, put the nux vomica in molasses and
water, so that she did not know that we had made any change of remedies.
The husband came for me after she had taken the nux vomica and said his
wife was dying; she had recovered her reason and begged me to go and see
her. I saw the lady and she thanked me for her restoration ; she was perfect-
ly well. I was her physician for a number of years afterward. A fourth case
was soon treated with success, which had a worse prognosis, if possible, than
either of the others. It was one of traumatic tetanus. During the first year
of my acciuaintance with Gram I subjected only my incurables and the least
promising instance of the curables to Dr. Gram's experiments ; but this was
simply because I could not read the language of the materia medica, and it
was impossible to do any more without a knowledge of the German. 'During
that time I surmounted this difficulty and became a competent prescriber and
a full convert to homoeopathy."
The year 1839 witnessed the first break in the circle of faithful enthusiasts
who had dared and suffered so much for the cause of homoeopathy. Gram,
who had been the guide, the teacher, the counsellor, grave, wise and afifec-
tionate, was suddenly stricken with apoplexy. Gray says : "Gram failed in
health completely just as the new period began to dawn upon us. Broken in
heart by the misfortunes, insanity and death of his only brother, upon whom
he had lavished all the estate he brought with him from Furope, he was at-
tacked with apoplexy in May, 1839, from which he awoke with hemiplegia;
after many months of sufl^ering he passed away on February 13. 1840. Wilson
and I tenderlv cared for him, and Curtis watched him as a faithful son would
HISTORY OF HO:siCF.OPATriY 65
a beloved father. He was an earnest Qiristian of the Swedenborgian faith,
and a man of the most scrupulously pure and charitable life I have ever known.
In the presence of want, sorrow and disease, secluded from all observation of
the world, he ministered with angelic patience and with divine earnestness."
Dr. Gram was buried in St. Mark's burial ground, New York, but on
September 4, 1862, his old-time friend and pupil, Dr. Gray, removed the re-
mains to his own lot in Greenwood cemetery. In the October number of the
"American Homoeopathic Review" is a long article by Dr. S. B. Barlow, and
another by Dr. H. M. Smith, on Gram. Dr. Barlow writes : "Hans B. Gram,
M. D., died February 13, 1840. aged fifty-four years. So reads a marble tomb-
stone erected over his grave in St. Mark's burial ground between Eleventh
and Twelfth streets, on the east side of Second avenue, in the citv of Xew
John F. Gray, IM. D.
York. On the fourth day of September, 1862, the grave of Dr. Gram was
opened and the remains taken up for removal to the private ground of Dr.
John F. Gray in Greenwood cemetery, where in a lovely spot his remains have
reached a permanent resting place. I had requested to be present at the ex-
humation, which request was readily and kindly granted. I estimated his
height to have been five feet ten inches. Gram's skull- was of medium size,
with good breadth of forehead showing that he had possessed a great amount
of volume of the perceptive and reflective faculties." Dr. Barlow describes at
length in this article the characteristics of Gram from the phrenological exam-
ination of his skull at this time, thus : "Veneration, conscientiousness, benev-
olence, combativeness, cautiousness, firmness, attachment to friends, and to
^Vy HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
•whatever was good, true, just and humane, were all characteristics of Gram
and the active operations of those sentiments could not but render their pos-
sessor a pleasant companion, a good man, a kindly physician, the central lum-
inary of whatever circle he was placed in, not assuming, dictatorial or ar-
rogant in manner. Whatever feelings of superiority he may have felt toward
those by whom he was surrounded, he could not hut endear himself strongly
to his friends and pupils, creating ties, the severing of which at his departure
must have been painful indeed. , Hence 1 find every person who knew him
well still speaking in terms of the most endearing tenderness of him as a luost
estimable friend. Naturally he was, doubtless, a brilliant, cheerful and happy
man; but opposition, detraction and persecution had rendered him somewhat
morose, taciturn, suspicious and distrustful — even of his best friends, embit-
tering the evening of his days, producing infirmities which brought a gloomy
obscuration over his faculties and sentiments and throwing clouds of disap-
pointment and unhappiness over his fastest friends.
"Future generations of physicians will do honor to the memory of Hans
B. Gram. The plate of his coffin bore the following inscription, portions of
which were difiicult to decipher, but I am sure it was all finally made out in
perfection : Hans B. Gram, M. D., a Knight of the Order of St. John, died
Feb. 13, 1840, aged 53 years." (There is a discrepancy of one year in his age
as given upon the coffin ])late and that inscribed on his tombstone.)
At a meetmg on Hahnemann's birthday. April 10, 1863, the meeting at
which Gray gave his address on "The Early Annals of Homoeopathy in New
York," after the banquet there were various toasts, and the talk turned on the
early times of homoeopathy in New York city. Dr. Barlow was asked to give
his opinion of the character of Gram, and he said : " The impressions I
received from viewing the craniology of Dr. Gram were, first, the massiveness
of his mind or brain, of his ability to grapple with whatever subject he under-
took. Secondly, I was impressed with the idea of his courage. I do not
mean brute courage, exactly, but courage for all good purposes, courage for
auNthing except for evil. A man whose skull gave me the impression of a
man who knew no fear except the fear of doing evil, doing wrong. I was
impressed with his ability for general scholarship. His organ of languages
was very good, his head could be called well balanced."
This story is told by Dr. Mofiatt of New York, illustrating the fearless-
ness of Gram : 'T heard it from his own lips. When he lived in Copenhagen
and was a physician or surgeon in the National Military and Naval Hospital, a
menagerie of wild beasts was there exhibited, among the animals being a full
grown lion. The keeper entered the cage of the lion, intoxicated, which enraged
the lion and he attacked the man and escaped from the cage. Gram was talking
with a friend, and picking a nut with a nut-picker, when there was a sudden
cry and the people ran out shrieking. Looking, he saw that the lion had
escaped. Everybody fled but himself and he stood in a defiant attitude, front-
ing the beast, which came so close that he felt the heat of his breath, and
Gram's purpose at the time WaS to plunge his hand with the instrument into
the beast's mouth as the only means of staving the destruction that would fol-
low should he attempt to escape with those behind him. As the creature
crouched to spring, he felt his hot breath. While he stood fronting him in
that attitude the attendants came with rods and cords and secured him. When
it was over Gram fainted. He did not tret over the effect for six months."
The only portrait of Dr. Gram in existence is a i:)encil sketch by Dr. Cur-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 67
tis, which was Hthographed and published in the "United States Medical and
Surgical Journal" for July, 1867, and is that from which is produced the por-
trait in this work. Gray said the original was wonderfully accurate. At the
1863 meeting Gray mentioned that a cast was taken of Gram's head, but did
not know if it was then in existence. At the meeting Gray, Wilson and Ball
were appointed a committee to arrange for erecting a monument over the
grave in Greenwood, but nothing seems to have been done at that time. In
1869 the New York State Homceopathic Medical Society inaugurated a move-
ment to invite dollar subscriptions for a monument to Gram. At a meeting
held September 14, 1869, at Cooper Institute, the following committee was
appointed : Drs. John F. Grav, L. Hallock, S. B. Barlow, B, F. Bowers, Car-
roll Dunham. H. D. Paine, of New York ; R. C. Moffatt, of Brooklyn ; I. T.
Talbot, of Boston ; Walter Williamson, of Philadelphia ; G. E. Shipman, of
Chicago, and Wm. H. Holcombe, of New Orleans. Circulars were issued and
some subscriptions were raised, but the matter was allowed to drop.
Dr. Gray's open adoption and profession of homoeopathy dated from 1828.
He was born in Sherburne, Chenango county. New York, September 24, 1804,
and was the fourth of five sons of John Gray, first judge of Chenango county.
When sixteen years of age his parents removed to Jamestown, Chautauqua
county. Thrown on his own resources, he devoted himself to obtaining an
education and a profession. After working for a time at a mechanical employ-
ment as a means of supporting himself, he obtained a situation as assistant
and student with Peter B. Havens of Hamilton, Madison county, where there
was an academy, and where he gave his services for his board and the oppor-
tunity for study and instruction. After two years he found a position as teach-
er in a neighboring district school. With money thus earned he was able to
A'isit his home, and the journey of two hundred and fifty miles he accomplished
on foot. While teaching and studying he fitted himself for a medical school.
He was for a time under the tuition of Dr. Ezra Williams of Dunkirk. He
Avent to New York in 1824, provided with letters to members of the college
faculty. One from Governor Clinton to Dr. Hosack brought him to the favor-
able notice of that leading physician, who soon became attached to him, ad-
mitting him to his private classes and otherwise aiding him. In 1825 he passed
an examination for a license before the county medical society with a view of
taking the position of assistant surgeon in the navy, but which, by the advice
of friends, he declined. He received his medical degree from the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in 1826.
Dr. Hosack through his own influence and that of DeWitt Clinton and
Thomas Eddy, two of the governors, secured for Gray a position in the New
York Hospital as assistant physician. His appointment had been opposed by
many who were unfriendly to Hosack. and was coupled with the condition that
he should undergo examination by the men who opposed him. Dr. Watts,
"vvho had been a strong opponent, became as earnest a friend, and advised him
to open an office in the more thinly settled but rapidly growing parts of the
city. He -liad now formed an attachment with the lady who afterward became
his wife, the daughter of Dr. Amos G. Hull, a well known surgeon of New
Y^ork. and father of Dr. A. Gerald Hull. He opened an office in Charlton
street and soon gained considerable practice. At this time he was regarded
hy his professional brethren as a young man of unusual promise and ability.
And now. with everything favorable to him in a professional wav, because of
honest conviction he became a devoted adherent to the medical svstem which
€8 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
when spoken of at all, was considered as tlie latest medical absurdity, not
worthy of serious attention. With his full adoption of homoeopathy in 1828,
the immediate effect was to alienate his patrons and diminish the number of
his families. Even those who had been cured, without knowing it was with
homoeopathic medicines, declined longer to trust themselves in his hands. His
carriage which for some time had been a necessity was given up as a useless
extravagance.
At a meeting of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the County of New
York on April 10, 1863, to celebrate the birthday of Hahnemann, Dr. Gray,,
the president, addressed the society on "The Early Annals of Homoeopathy in
New York." Several toasts were given and the talk, turning to the trials of the
pioneers of homoeopathy, the following remarks were made, and are here
quoted to show something of the trials which beset the pathway of the early
homoeopathic practitioners :
Dr. Phineas P. Wells said : "The gentleman said he wished he had known
the happiness of witnessing the birth of homoeopathy in this country. I wish
to say to him that there are but three gentlemen in this room who knew the
facts personally. In those days when it was known that a physician had
adopted this view his friends forsook him like a leper, and he became the ob-
ject of scorn and calumny. Now it is all changed. You will never forget
it, sir (turning to Dr. Gray) and I shall never forget what we have suffered.
You never can have any conception of it. So much the better because you
have not the load to carry which your predecessors bore. You have only to
take up the great work freed from shackles, from obloquy, and to carry it to
perfection in these times which God has made your happy days."
Dr. Smith said : "I would rather be Dr. Gray having passed through
this than any other man in the United States. The warrior has no happiness
when at the cannon's mouth, or when he is pierced by a bullet, but his happi-
ness comes when he has achieved the victory in fighting for his suffering
country'. So in the light of present enjoyment I would be willing to go
through with that bitter experience for the sake of the pleasure and satisfac-
tion and the unmistakable intelligence that writes itself on the front part of
the brain in letters in fire — in letters of Hre — to remain while life lasts, as
though thcv were written upon the blue arch of heaven with pencil of living
light."
Dr. Gray said : "What Dr. Wells says is more true than I like to recall.
I went through eight years of persecution before the second epoch began. I
had many friends but none nearer than Dr. Hering, a magnanimous man. full
of sense and learning. He has been very kind to me. In an interview with
my old preceptor he said to me: 'I had some hopes of you. I expected you
to be one of those who would hold high the standard that I left. Now I
give you up. You have taken up with that crazy Gram and that contemptible
medical nonsense of Hahnemann, and I excommunicate you.' And he spoke
with great feeling. Then my own father in medicine and most intimate friend
at college (probably Hosack) and in the profession, ait me in the street as
though I had been a horse thief or some horrible, outcast. It stuck to me like
thistles and thorns, everywhere. My mind is sensitive. But better it is
that a man should lie so persecuted if it bring him forward in the great path
of human progress ; his soul will blossom unless tainted with vice, and he will
gain all the more power, all the more magnanimity toward those who differ
from him. As brother Wells so feelingly suggested, though on account of
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
69
some sensitiveness of organization I have not had the very greatest pleasure
of that sort, yet now I look back with unmixed deUght to the hour when the
world was turned against me both in my profession and friendships, God
bless those days ! God bless the man who led me, and the men who were
with me ! There were some, however, although they did not accept homoe-
opathy, whose faces never changed toward me. Some who went through the
college course with me, notwithstanding our difference of opinion, have nev-
er changed. Never has the cord of friendship that bound us together as boys,
nearly fort} years ago, sutit'ered the slightest break. And there are other con-
solations. So that the man who will preserve his justice of character, his
truth, and his devotion to what is right, as I have endeavored to do, will al-
ways have friends, even under the most oppressive and depressing circum-
A. Ccrald Hull. A. M., M. D.
Stances. But the best friend after all lies in the depths of the soul. Whoso-
ever communes with truth within him, whosoever sacrifices for truth within,
shall^ be paid, as the Man of Nazareth said, in this life an hundred fold, and
infinitely more in that which is to come." But Dr. Gray outlived his ostracism
and for many years upheld the new law of cure, and it was his pleasure to
see homoeopathy become popular and powerful as a medical system.
In 1829 Gram and Gray were alone in the practice of homoeopathy in
New York city. Gray devoted himself to learning German and soon was able
to read Hahnemann's work in the original. He also mastered French, but
from 1830 to 1838 he was poor and had a struggle to support his family. In
1835 his father-in-law, Dr. Hull, who had been in the truss business, died,
70 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
leaving hini executor. Tn attending to the estate much of his time was taken
up, and from 1835 to 1838 he had an office in V'esey street, under the Astor
house, where he could attend both to his profession and to his duties as exe-
cutor. In his later years he was very fond of reading philosophical and med-
ical writings m Latin.' In 187 1 he received an honorary degree from Hamilton
College.
It is said of Gray that he received pupils without fee, and that he always
was ready to aid poor students of medicine. He died at the Fifth avenue
hotel in New York, June 5, 1882, after an illness of three weeks. Gray was
one of the first physicians who advocated a more extended and thorough sys-
tem of medical education, and that the state should grant the license to prac-
tice. At a discussion in 1832 before the Philosophical Society he offered a
resolution that but one medical school should exist in a state ; that rival schools'
ought not to be approved ; that every physician in the state should be a teacher
in such school, and that there should be one board in each state that should
have the sole power of recommending candidates for license or degree. In
November, 1832, he delivered a lecture on the policy of chartering medical
colleges, the same being introductor}' to the course on theory and practice in
the New York School of Medicine.
The next to join the homceopathic ranks was Dr. Abraham Duryea Wil-
son. Gray and Wilson had been medical friends. In fact the coterie of bril-
liant voung physicians, students and associates of Hosack, who one by one
accepted the truth of homoeopathy, were intimates, members of the Philosophi-
cal Society, and it can readily be understood how they became acquainted with
Gram. Wilson, who had been in practice in New York since his graduation
in 1822, was introduced to Gram by Gray. At first Wilson was incredulous,
deeming, like his brethren, the new doctrine simply humbug, but the argu-
ments of Gram and the surprising cures accomplished induced Wilson to make
further experiments. These tests resulted in his conviction of the truth of the
homoeopathic law, and in 1829 he publicly adopted that method in his practice.
Dr. Wilson was born in Columbia College, New York city, September
20, 1801. His father, Peter Wilson, was professor of languages and Greek
and Roman literature in that institution. He was educated in the college,
graduating in 1818, when but seventeen years of age; but he did not receive
his diploma until of legal age, in 1822. After graduation he at once com-
menced the study of medicine under Drs. Hosack and Francis, receiving the
degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1821. He at once
settled in practice, locating on Walker street. New York city. In 1824 he-
married Fliza Holmes. He died of pulmonary apoplexy, January 20, 1864;
aged sixty-three years.
On Hahnemann's birthday anniversary. April 10, 1865, Dr. Grav deliv-
ered a eulogy on the life of the founder, and spoke of the period of \\'ilson's
adoption of homieopathy as follows : "Wilson was already a conspicuous
practitioner of mccHcinc when he adopted homoeopathy. This change took
place in 1829, the eighth year after his graduation from the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons, and the twelfth after receiving his baccalaureate in Co-
lumbia College. His social status and professional standing were such as to
make a strong sensation respecting the new practice in a wide circle of the
community at the time. His father, an eminent Scottish scholar, was profes-
sor of the Greek and Latin languages at the time of his son's birth, and for
many years after. His brother, the late George Wilson, an accomplished
HIS r( )\<\ ()!• lI()M(K()PATin' 71
counsellor at law in the city, who was twenty years his senior, and therefore
able to aid him socially, took unwearied pains in his behalf. Moreover, this
brother, as Wilson told me, earnestly interested himself after the venerable
father's departure, in his culture in ancient and modern literature and phi-
losophy. Whatsoever the elder brother could accomplish for him in society
and in aid of his professional career was certainly etifected with stratifying
success. Pr. Wilson had also the great advantages in that day resulting from
the personal friendship and patronage of his illustrious preceptor in medicine,
'the late Dr. David Hosack^ in whose private classes he was a diligent pupil.
Hosack had received classical training from Wilson's father, to whose mem-
ory he was gratefully attached ; and thus it can be imagined how readily this
young man's studious qualities were appreciated and his aspirations in the
outset of life fostered by his powerful preceptor. And that Wilson was a
keen and prompt student under Hosack, accepting and using all the advantages
afforded by his great master's private and public lectures and by the great
clinique of the New York hospital in which Hosack took the leading position,
was abundantly demonstrated by him when, in the capacity of a censor in the
county medical society, he officiated as examiner of candidates for the diploma
of that body. Wilson made the acquaintance of Gram and myself and encoun-
tered the great new problem of his life work, homcEopathy. After a patient
study of its principles and a protracted trial of its art-maxims at the bedside,
during all of which study and trial he refrained from expressing a judgment,
he decided the question firmly and fully for himself and for all his future pa-
tients, in the affirmative ; and thenceforward he openly avowed his adherence
to the doctrine and discipline of Hahnemann. Wilson came into our circle
with all his stores of sound culture and with all his indomitable courage in
defence of the right and true. I have said that the avowal of his change of
practice ensued upon a very mature and thorough examination of the ques-
tions involved in the change ; and I may add that this was his method in all
other philosophical and administrative problems. His powers of analysis
were never embarrassed by the perturbations of his emotional nature. Though
generous, even to a decided fault on some occasions, and full of sympathy at
all times and in every fibre of his being, yet he could at all times set his reason
to work in the precision and cool steadiness of mathematical logic : and thus
it was his want so to apply his happily dormant rational power to the largest
questions of faith and of practice in ethics and theosophy, as well as in ours
of medicine. His characteristic lay in this rare peculiarity of constitution, one
which belonged to the old time philosophers, that he could apply his conscious-
ly rational test processes over all the lines sketched by his intuitions; and his
merit as a man consisted in the ever rare quality that he openly avowed and
sustained whatsoever he found to be true by this his double process of inves-
tigation, pocolepsis. and demonstration. Wilson took this great step, homoe-
opathy, with a deliberation and courage consonant with his training- in letters
and science and with his constitution as a man. He was no adventurer in
the community, with nothing to lose by the change, and perhaps a gain to
make by heralding a novelty in medicine. Nor was he bv any view of his
constitution, an eager innovator, a reformer of popular mistakes ; but rather
from his harmonic tendencies (he loved music) and his cordial, social rapport
vyith all oood meanino: ])eople of his place and time, he was a conservative ;
was indulgent to harmless errors and indisposed to violent uprootings. X^ev-
72 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ertheless he went with his conviction of truth whensoever these were fully
ripe in his soul. '
"Bitter were the pangs and sore the costs of this bold change for the
accomplished and successful young Wilson. In less than two years after the
adoption of the new method, that is to say in 183 1, when the birth of the last
of his children had rendered the demands of family support strongest upon
him, his change had deprived him of all his family practice save one ; of that
g'oodly broad basis founded by his familiar associates among the Masons in
the Dutch church, of which he was a cherished member, and from among his
family adherents, including those of his brother, the Counsellor Wilson, only
one stood by him, Mr. Thomas Dugan, sexton of St. George, who happened
to be the mutual friend of Wilson and myself."
Wilson did not study German, therefore could not determine the remedy
for himself, and as he was ever anxious to do his utmost for his patients, he
was in the habit of taking them to Gram for advice ; and Wilson and Channing
held daily consultations with Gram. But long before his professional reputa-
tion was re-established, Wilson's careful methods and cures greatly advanced
the system in the community.
The next in order to be mentioned is Amos Gerald Hull, who was the
first native American to take up the study of medicine as a student of homoe-
opathy. He was born in New Hartford, New York, in 1810, and was edu-
cated at Union College, Schenectady. Dr. John F. Gray writes : "Mr. Hull
took his degree in the arts at Union College, with distinguished rank, in 1828.
He remained there some months pursuing a post-graduate course of studies
in chemistry and anatomy under our late and justly revered colleague. Dr.
Joslin, at that time and for many years after a professor at Union. Dr. Joslin
and I had studied medicine together, graduating in the same class, in the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and I suggested the course taken by Hull,
well knowing the unusual advantages he could reap from Joslin's exact and
• full attainments in the natural sciences. On his coming to the city Hull en-
tered Rutger's Medical College. Hosack, Mott, Macneven, Francis and the
great Irish surgeon, Bushe, were the professors. With Francis and Bushe he
also studied in extra college courses of lectures as a private pupil. But best
of all the assistance he enjoyed, in my estimation, was the daily guidance and
conversation of the good pioneer Gram. In the summer time Gram taught
him botany, master and pupil making frequent foot excursions for the pur-
pose, in the neighborhood of the city, analyzing the wayside and wood flow-
ers as they wandered through the rich floral regions of our coast. Wilson
and 1 sometimes joined this party, and also made some advances in botany
under Gram. In the winter evenings Gram reviewed descriptive anatomy
with Hull, in a methodic course of dictation in the Latin language, which the
pupil was required to record in writing as it fell from the master's lips; a
task probably no public teacher in any of our American colleges could have
executed, and I am quite sure no other pupil could have performed his share
of the exercise better than did young Hull. * * * j„ ^jj HxxW spent four
years in professional studies, after his full terms and graduation at Union, in
this way."
The Medical Society of the County of New York had just established a
public and recorded exaniination of all applicants for a license to practice, and
Dr. Hull w^as the first to undergo the ordeal. He graduated in medicine in
1832 and commenced practice in 1833. After practicing for some years he
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 73
removed to Newburgh, remaining a few years, but returned to New York,
where he practiced until his death. He joined the Medical and Philosophical
Society in 1828, and was a member of the New York County Medical Soci-
ety and a censor in 1835. At the time he joined membership was obligatory
upon every physician by the law of the state. Hull visited Hahnemann in
Paris in 1836-37, of which visit he wrote a very interesting account for the
"Homceppathic Examiner" in 1841, and which was also published as a pam-
phlet. He died in New York, April 25, 1859, aged forty-nine years.
Gray had married Hull's sister, and the brothers-in-law went into practice
together. In 1835 they were joint editors of the "American Journal of Homce-
opathia," and in 1840 of the "Homoeopathic Examiner." Hull edited an edi-
tion of Everest's "Popular View of Homoeopathy," originally published in
England, and several editions of Laurie's "Domestic Practice." He also edited
several editions of Jahr's "Manual of Homoeopathic ]\Iedicine," and was co-
editor of the translation of that great symptomatology, Jahr's "Symptomen
Codex."
Gray places Hull after Wilson in the order of precedence, probably be-
cause the latter was a student as early as 1828, but the man who entered into
homoeopathic practice next after Wilson was Daniel Edward Stearns. He
was born in 1801 at Hinesburgh, Vermont, where he received his early edu-
cation. His medical studies were with Dr. David Deming. He attended the
University of Vermont, at Burlington, where he graduated in 1828. Dr.
Stearns, like many of the students of his day, w^as obliged to gain an educa-
tion under difficulties. With little money and poorly clad he earned by teach-
ing in the winter and by working in the summer the means to enable him to
attend the two courses of medical lectures then required by law. In the fall
of 1826, while attending his first course of lectures at Burlington, he was
offered a situation in a drug store in New York city. This he declined, but
being offered the same place in 1827, and as he had attended his full course
of lectures, he accepted and went to New York. He remained in this posi-
tion until September, 1828, when he returned to Vermont to receive his diplo-
ma. Undecided what next to do, he received from New York a letter advising
him not to allow the want of money to hinder his return to the city. If he
should pay for his diploma, his funds would be exhausted. If he returned
to New York he could not take with him the coveted evidence of graduation.
The means were provided, however, and he returned to New York. In a
letter written in 1870. Stearns himself said: "I came into the city in the fall
of 1827. I had attended my two courses of lectures at our University of Ver-
mont at Burlmgton and read nw three years as the law required. In Septem-
ber, 1828, I left for Vermont, then and there received my diploma; returned
the same fall to New York city, had an introduction to John F. Gray, M. D.,
spent a part of the winter in his office, and at that time became acquainted
with H. B. Gram, M. D., and A. D. Wilson. M. D., Dr. Channing and Dr.
Joseph T. Curtis, who then was a student of Dr. Gram. And now I sav these
were, with myself, the only gentlemen who had the boldness and courage to
rally in the ranks of homoeopathy." In the winter of 1827 Stearns attended
lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons and visited the hospital.
Thus, in company with these enthusiasts. Gray and Gram and Wilson,
Stearns soon became convinced of the truth and certainty of the homoeopathic
law of healing. In the spring of 1829 he commenced the practice of homoe-
opathy in New York, continuing there until in 1852 or 1853. when he removed
74 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
to Tremont station, Westchester county, a suburb of New York. For two
years he practiced in the city, but the increase of his Tremont practice obhged
him to devote to it all his time. In 1856 by accident he became disabled for
active practice. In 1872 he was still living at Tremont.
A notable convert to the teachings of Gram, was William Channing, of
whom Gray writes: "Dr. William Channing was a man of large culture in
letters and very thoroughly educated in medicine. He was in the mid-prime
of life at the time of his conversion to homoeopathy, which occurred in 1832,
during the first appearance of the Asiatic cholera in this country. He had
joined Gram's party in the County Medical Society for the establishment of
the public and recorded examination of candidates, and having been elected
in that body to the ofifice of censor, with Gram and Wilson for colleagues, he
was frequently in our little circle, and often, of course, the new practice was
discussed with him."
Thus Channing became familiar with the doctrines of homoeopathy, in-
terested in Ihcm. and was liberal enough to be willing to test their truth.
When in 1832 the cholera appeared in New York, he tendered his services to
the hospitals. This gave liim a chance to make a test of the new system,
and as Hahnemann had just ]niblished his advice about the use of camphor,
veratrum and cuprum in cholera, Channing made a public trial of these rem-
edies on the victims. So great was his success that he published the results
over his own signature in the "Commercial Advertiser," and soon after de-
clared himself tO' be a believer in homoeopathy. Channing was a brilliant man,
of large culture in letters, and thoroughly educated in medicine. Gray says
"Channing's was an eminently logical mind, attending with full earnestness to
all topics of a philosophical character till he arrived at definite conclusions, and
when he reached these he was firm and decided in their maintenance. He was
not of the skej^tical class on any subject. ''^ * * W^ith Channing's conver-
sion came the first divergence of practice among the homoeopaths in this coun-
try He was a thorough Hahncmannian in all his views and practice, which
neither of his predecessors were. Gram, Wilson and myself held from first
to last that these expedients of the old practice which had attained such a
solid basis of empirical certainty as to good results in given and well defined
cases of disease, ought not to be laid aside. When Gram arrived, the founder
of the school had not adopted the later j)ractice of attenuating the remedies,
and our method was, in 1833. to administer doses equivalent to the first and
second centesimal dilutions. Channing went up promptly with Hahnemann in
his doses, fully believing in the potentizing process and faith of the master,
and even after the death of Hahnemann, going out of the very roof of all
scientific observation with the enthusiastic Jenichen of Hanover." In 1838-
Clianning delivered an essay on the "Reformation of Medical Science De-
manded by Inductive Philosophy " before the New York Physician's Society..
The society published it, and a second edition was published l)y the homoe-
opaths in 1 85 1.
William Channing was born in Massachusetts about 1800. His father
was a Congregational minister. He was educated at Phillip's Academv, at
Exeter, New Hampshire, and graduated in medicine at Rutger's College,
New P>runswick. New Jersey, in April, 1830. He was a cousin of William
Ellery Channing of Boston. Dr. H. M. Smith writes of him: "He differed
from some of the other physicians, who adhered to tlie (.'nipiric use of the
remedies of the old school and believed with Hahnemann that such practice-
HisTMin' ( )!•" IK )M(]:()iv\'rin' 75.
was unjustifiable. He accepted hoiiKecjpathy as a priiicijjle, was satisfied with
it, saw in it an all-sufficient jj^uide for the administration of remedies for dis-
eases, and believed that a failure to cure a curable case did not disprove the
universal applicability of the law, but want of knowledge on the part of the
prescriber. The accession of Channing marks an era in the history of homce-
opathy. The profession had paid little attention to this subject, considering
it one of Gram's vageries, but the success of the treatment in cholera brought
the practice into notice, awakened an opposition which was increased as the
system gained in public favor, and the loss of patients affected the pockets
of the old school physicians. Highly esteemed by all who came in contact
with him. and having many friends, Dr. Channing was so reticent that few
knew about his family or social affairs. He took a prominent part in the
meetings of physicians. He failed in health in 1844. There was a gradual
breaking down of his mental powers, and after many years of disease he died'
at Harrisburg. Pennsylvania. February ii, 1855.
'76 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
CHAPTER IV
HOMCEOPATHY IN NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
The Cholera Epidemic of 1832 — Hahnemann an Honorary Member of the New York
Medical Society — The Pioneer Homoeopathic Medical Society — Reminiscences of
Early Homoeopathic Practitioners — Curtis — Kirby — Vanderburgh — Paine — Dutcher —
Wright — Ball — Freeman — Cook — Bowers — Harris — Palmer — McVickar — Joslin —
Belcher — Stewart — Hallock — Quin — Wells — ^A Chapter of Reminiscences.
- At the outbreak of the epidemic of cholera in 1832 the physicians whose
names are mentioned in the preceding- chapter constituted the entire homoe-
opathic force in New York. Though they were few in number and with no hos-
pitals under their administration, the comparative results of the allopathic and
the homceopathic methods of treatment of that disease produced a powerful
reaction in favor of homoeopathic school among the people, and a new impetus
was given to the examination of its claims by physicians. This inquiry was
facilitated by the fact that Hahnemann's Organon and the Materia Medica
Pura were now printed in French. Ernest G. de Brunnow had translated the
Organon into French and Arnold had published it in Dresden in 1824, issuing
a second edition in 1832. A. J. L. Jourdan had made a translation of the
fourth edition into French, which was published in Paris by Bailliere in 1832.
Charles H. Devriant, a lawyer of Dublin, had translated the fourth edition into
Englisli, with notes by Dr. Samuel Stratton, and it had been published in
Dublin and London. In 1828 Bigel had rendered the Materia Medica Pura
into French, and in 1834 Jourdan also had made a translation of the same.
So it became possible to investigate homoeopathy without first devoting very
m-uch time to the study of German.
Gray writes of this epoch : "About the time of Channing's coming- over
to homoeopathy, namely, in 1832 and 183^, Dr. Jourdan of Paris translated the
Materia Medica Pura and Jahr's Manual into the French langtiage, and these
works very soon made their way into this cotmtry. This event marks an im-
portant epoch in the extension of homoeopathy, the world over. Prior to it
no physician could test the practice or study its principles with any approach
to success, without first making a fair conquest of the German language ;
and very few men in middle life, especially physicians engaged in the cease-
less cares and toils of their profession, could surmount this barrier. Hull.
Curtis and I had done so. at the instigation of Gram, and doubtless Channing
would have accomplished this arduous task had not the labors of Jourdan
rendered it far less important. This difficulty fully explains the slowness of
the expansion of our system during the first eight years of its practical exis-
tence here in New York. Moreover, it readily suggests the reason whv the
earlv converts here, did not press the stibject on the attention of their medical
brethren in their private intercourse. We enjoved a wide circle of profession-
al acquaintance, and had frequent meetings with them in the medical society.
and in large private consultations during the two years we were agitatincr
the rhedical reform, but with very few exceptions the topic nearest our hearts
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
7T
was treated of sparingly in all this intercourse. It was treated with still great-
er reticence among our patients for the same reason ; and it was wholly
impossible, except among the few educated Germans then in New York, tO'
speak of the new practice among the people generally, without incurring,
however incorrectly, the odium of quackery. When occasionally we were
asked by medical men, who saw in the European journals the angry diatribes-
which now and then appeared against Hahnemann, whether we too were his
disciples, we answered truly, 'yes, and that for good reasons,' but we shunned!
debate with them and avoided all explanations to the laity, as being alike use-
less and uncongenial to our tastes and sense of duty, under the circumstances."
Regarding the discretion and reticence in speech that was undoubtedly
enjoined upon his disciples by Gram, its failure on the part of Channing
caused a great breach between these two friends. Dr. Barlow thus comments
upon it: "Possessing firmness in a large degree in conjunction with large
combativeness and cautiousness, made him persistent in his resentments, arr
instance of which may be still well remembered by many of his friends — his-
resentment toward Dr. Qianning. a most es-
timable and friendly man, for having incau-
tiously given airing to the fact of his (Gram ) ' ~~^ 1
being a homoeopathist. Dr. Gram never for- i
gave his friend for this indiscretion, for that
was the first step toward Gram's fall in the
estimation of the faculty in New York, where
such men as Hosack, Post, McNeven, ]\Iott,
Rogers. Stevens and a host of other eminent
names who up to that time had been his ad-
mirers and had considered him one of the
most talented, learned and skillful men in this
country, at once became his bitter, persistent,
unrelenting and unscrupulous enemies and
persecutors, and so remained until he died,
when the mantle of obloquy and wrath de-
scended with no gossamer lightness and gen-
tleness upon the heads of his surviving con-
freres."
"But we were not idle; we worked for the future in mutual education'
and preparation ; and when the translations were effected into all the spoken
languages of Europe, as they were in 1837 and in 1838, we re-established our
journal of homoeopathy and our distinct public homceopathic societv. The
hour of manly open combat arrived at last, and it found us, after so manv
years of patient waiting, harnessed for the fight."
It is to be remembered that the phvsicians of New York were all mem-
bers of the New York County ^ledical Societv, and that it was necessarv be-
tore a person was allowed to practice that he have a license from that societv •
and thus at its meetings the members of the Httle homceopathic familv of New
• o "'^S\'''*TT r/ P^'ofessional brethren. A curious circumstance happened
in i«32^ Dr. H. M. Smith thus relates it: "At a meeting held September 10,
1832. Dr. Gray proposed Hahnemann for honorarv membership. Before do-
ing so he had lent a copy of his Tragmenta de viribus Medicamentorum' to
the president ot the society who was a Latin scholar. Dr Bernheisel ob-
jected on the ground that Hahnemann was a quack, and \va. immediatel\r
Dr. S. R. Kir
78 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
-called to order ])v the chairman, who said that no one should so stigmatize
a man who had written such a hook as the work of Hahnemann in the Latin
tongue. This effectually silenced all the opposition. Many of the members
indeed had probably never heard of homoeopathy. At a subsec[uent meeting,
November 12, Hahnemann was elected. In filling out the diploma it was
customary to state why the honor was conferred and the president asked Dr.
Gray how he should make out Hahnemann's diploma. 'Why,' answered Dr.
Gray, 'you can say The Founder of Homoeopathy,' and so it was filled out.
At this date there had been but little opposition. Eleven years after, how-
ever, at a meeting held July 10, 1843, it was 'Resolved, that the resolution of
this society of November 12, 1832, conferring honorary membership in this
society on Samuel F. Hahnemann of Germany be and the same is hereby re-
scinded.' Hahnemann, however, had not been admitted by resolution but had
been elected by, ballot. He had died at Paris eight days previous to this vote,
in the 88th year of his age. He had been sixty-two years a doctor of medi-
cine, more years than many of the members of the medical society had
breathed, had written two hundred dissertations on medicine, more medical
works than probably the majority had read, and as the discoverer of a system
of therapeutics left a name to be revered."
Among the early students of Gram was Louis Folk Van Beuren, who was
with him in 1832. He graduated and for a number of years practiced in New
York. In 1865 he was practicing in Louisville, Kentucky.
The second student of Gram was Joseph Thomas Curtis. He was born
at Danbury, Connecticut, January 29, 181 5. Giving promise of talent at an
•early age, his parents gave him a thorough English and classical education.
At the age of eighteen, in 1833, he became a student in Gram's office. He
passed one of the most brilliant public and recorded examinations ever held
in New York, receiving his license to practice March 23. 1836. He at once
began the practice of homoeopathy with Gram. In 1852 he was elected presi-
dent of the Hahnemann Academy of Medicine, and delivered an inaugural
essay on the " Relation of Homoeopathy to Giemistry." In 1843 h^ edited,
with Dr. James Lillie, an " Epitome of Homoeopathic Practice." This was
compiled from Jahr, Reuckery, Boenninghausen and others. His practice was
large and successful during the ten years in which he could work, but his
health became poor. His sight failing, he went to Europe for a cure, but
with only partial success. He afterwards tried the West Indies, but did not
remain there. He tried other means without success and resumed his prac-
tice shortlv before his death, which took place November 13, 1857. Smith
says of him : '~ He possessed great power of analysis and comparison, and
being profoundly versed in anatomy, physiology and materia medica, it was
a great delight after carefully preparing his record to select the remedy from
the scantv resources at his command. His confreres soon learned where to
go for assistance in their daily practice. He was regarded as one of the most
learned of practitioners, esteemed by his colleagues as well as his patients,
but lacking the arts and blandishments bv which many commend themselves
to their patients, he obtained neither wealth nor fame." Dr. Valentine Mott
said of him : " Dr. Curtis is a medical scholar of rare attainments, and a
gentleman of s])otless character. ' Dr. Willard Parker said : " He possesses
a superior and highly cultivated intellect which be has most ardently devoted
to the science of medicine and its collnterals."
Another of the early friends of (Irani wds Dr. Steiiben ixevnolds Kirhy.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 79
In the summer of 1830 he was one of the coterie ^yho met at Gram's house
for instruction in homoeopathy. He was born at Middle Patent, town of
Bedford, Westchester county, New York, May 21, 1801, and came to New
York at the age of fifteen. Later on he taught school. He was principal of
public school No. 7 when it opened on Chrystie street, in 1827, and then
began the study of medicine. He was a temperance advocate and president
of the New York society'; was a member of the New York volunteer fire
department, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He
died in New York, March 6, 1876. Dr. Kirby in 1864 delivered an address
on " The Introduction and Progress of Homoeopathy in the United States "
before the New York County Homoeopathic Medical Society, in which he
mentioned that in the summer of 1832 Gram, Wilson, Channing and himself
were the only ones who treated cholera chiefly with camphor, and that the
practice was ridiculed and termed the " small dose camphor treatment." He
did not learn German, and it is stated that he practiced with indifferent success
until after the publication of the Organon and Materia Medica Pura, and
that he hesitated to declare himself a homoeopathic physician. He was well
known as the editor of the " American Journal of Homoeopathy," which was
issued in nine volumes from 1848 to 1857, and vyas the principal homoeopathic
journal of those important years. He was one of the original organizers of
the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and its first treasurer. He was
president, while still treasurer, in 1846. He also was a member of various
other New York homoeopathic societies. With Dr. Phineas P. Wells and
James M. Quin, he opened in October, 1845, ^^^^ ^^^^ homoeopathic dispensary
in- the United States. He was also a member of the faculty of the New York
Homoeopathic Medical College and professor of materia medica in the New
York Aledical College and Hospital for Women.
An important personage among the associates of Gram w^as Federal Van-
derburgh. In a letter to Dr. Henry M. Smith, dated February i, 1867, Dr.
A^anderburgh wrote : '* I w^as attending Mr. M. in Pearl street, one of whose
toes was set at right angles with his foot by a contraction of its tendon. I
advised him to have it divided. ' Not without Mott's approbation,' he replied.
The next day Dr. Paine and I met at his house and he dismissed us both.
Th'rty days afterwards I met him walking the street with his toe adjusted.
I asked him how it was done and he said that Dr. Gram had given him some
sugar pellets of the size of a mustard seed, which straightened his toe. As
I picked up the gems from all classes and having no prejudice to encounter,
I straightway introduced myself to Dr. Gram. I found him working a gigan-
tic intellect with the simplicity of a child, and entirely unconscious of its
power."
Vanderburgh thus tells of his first trial of the great skill of Gram : " A
lady of 36 came to consult me ; she had been four years ill with what she called
black jaundice. I had lost a sister with the same disease. I took a careful
record of the case and on my return I met Gram at the door and asked him
to read the record. He said she had been poisoned wath bark (quinine) and
that chamomilla would cure her ; that in three days after the chamomilla was
given the old chill of four years ago would re-appear, but so feebly that she
would recover without another. His prophecy proved true."
Just when Vanderburgh embraced homoeopathv is not known, but it
must have been previous to 1834. as he then was corresponding secretary of
the New York Homoeopathic Society.
80 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHV
Federal \'anderburgh was born at Beekman, Dutchess county, New
York, May ii, 1788. He was the seventeenth child in a family of nineteen
(his father having been twice married) and of Dutch descent. He received
the meagre common school education of that day, but by self-education and
strict application he was able to learn enough Latin to afterward pursue his
medical studies with facility. At the age of seventeen he entered himself as
a student of medicine with Dr. Wright, a physician of New Milford, Connecti-
cut. Dr. Hall, an old student of Vanderburgh, thinks he was licensed to
practice about that time by the medical faculty of Litchfield county. At the
age of nineteen he went to New York to enjoy the advantages of the hos-
pitals and medical lectures. There he entered the office of Dr. Stephen Smith,.
a leading physician. After attending two courses of lectures he graduated,
before he was twenty-one. His manly appearance, for he was six feet in
height, and finely proportioned, never suggested to the professors a doubt as
to his age. During his student life he was subject to attacks of pulmonary
hemorrhage that threatened his life. By some they were thought to be o£
cardiac origin and by others of a tuberculous character. But he never allowed
this illness to depress his spirit.
Vanderburgh must have graduated in 1808. but biographical accounts
dififer as to his residence immediately afterward. Dr. J. F. Merritt, wha
wrote his obituary for the " American Homceopathic Observer," says that he
went to Geneva in 1812 or 1813, remained there for twenty years and returned
to New York about 1830. Smith says that he practiced in New York until
181 1, when on account of failing health he went to Geneva, New York, where
he practiced ten years. He then gave up practice there to Dr. Martyn Paine,
and returned to New York, which dates his return to the city about 1821.
A report in the transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy for
1871 says that he located in his native town and after a few years removed
to Hudson, Columbia county, remaining there until 181 5, when he w^ent to
Geneva, where he practiced until he removed to New York in 1823 or 1824.
Soon after he began practice he married Hester Orinda Boardman, of New
Milford, Connecticut. The climate of Geneva agreed so well with him that
he became robust and until old age was a model of muscular development,
and maintained an erect stature even when very old. Just when he embraced'
homceopathy does not seem to be known, but there is no doubt that he prob-
ably had an early acquaintance with Gram. In a letter written October 18,.
1867. during his last illness, to Dr. George E. Shipman, he said : " You ask
me for my photograph and its biographical appendage. ]\Iy photograph I
send you. My homceopathic appendage began with Dr. Gram. When he
arrived in New York Gram was a friendless stranger and when he opened
his little manuscript no faith was found in his statements. The city was
then under the spell of Post. Hosack and Mott ; the schools were animated'
with their errors, and there was no time for them to look at atoms when the
masses were before them. Gram was grave and thoughtful, and gained his-
ascendency over his little circle by the interest he manifested in his future min-
istry ; and when unheard of doctrines — such as little doses — came forth, one-
by one. they were tested on the sick, the results of infinitesimal doses were
recorded, and W^ilson, Gray and Curtis saw the light with its guiding star
before them. These three scholars, with one teacher, lit the lamp whose
cruse of oil will never empty until the educated errors of our ancient brethren'
are buried beneath their own monuments. At this time, it T remember, the-
HISTORY OF HO^Fa:OPATHY . 81
sale of my medical errors had reached $10,000 a year in the higher circles of
society before my acquaintance with Gram, and my introduction to him
enabled me to plant the reformation of medical science on that circle to great
advantage. I then drew to my aid the lamented Curtis, the brightest star in
homoeopathy, expanding so rapidly under Gram's tuition that he (Gram)
once said to me, ' I should not care to go to Heaven if I could not meet with
Curtis there.' I made it his interest to be my preceptor ; and with his guidance
many time-honored errors were consigned to oblivion, and many hoary preju-
dices were marched off the stage."
Dr. Smith says that his name Federal was thus acquired : " \Vhen he
was born, the adoption of the federal constitution being the grand political-
event of the time, Chancellor Kent, then a young lawyer, suggested that the
Federal Vanderburgh, M. D.
infant Vanderburgh be named Federal Constitution, but his mother objected
to the 'Constitution,' and that word was omitted."
Vanderburgh remained in active practice in New York until 1840, when
he purchased Linwood hills in Rhinebeck, and resided there until his death.
About one year before his death he contracted severe pleuro-pneumonia, in-
duced by exposure to inclement weather in connection with professional duties,
which produced an attack of dyspnoea. He graduallv failed until, without
suftering. he expired January 23. 1868. Vanderburgh's practice was verv
largely among the wealthy class, and he was often summoned to attend pa-
tients at some distance from home. He practiced -medicine because he loved
it. It is related that at the age of seventy-seven, when traveling with a patient.
82 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
the latter said to the doctor after he had reached his destination, " Well,
doctor, you will stay with us a few days and rest yourself." " No," said Dr.
Vanderburgh, " I must return to-morrow."' " So soon," replied the host,
"well, what can I do to entertain you?" "Oh, show me some sick folks."
A physician who knew him writes : " Dr. Vanderburgh's mind was peculiar ;
his conclusions were so often the result of intuition. This ran through a
large portion of the writings of his later years. He practiced medicine from
a love of his profession. He became absorbed in his cases. In speaking of
his patients he rarely called them by name. He usually designated them as
' the cardiac case with the valvular disease,' or ' the man with diabetes,' etc.
He was kind to the poor, as thousands could testify. His advice was sought
at his home, on the highway, in the railroad station, on the railroad car, on
the steamer, at his dinner, at the hotel in the city, in bed and out of bed. He
never turned a deaf ear to a case. He was proverbial for punctuality in his
appointments, and woe betide the man who kept him waiting in the consulta-
tion room. A homily was the certain penalty."
The ten years from Gram's arrival in 1825 to the establishment of the
first homoeopathic magazine in 183s. may be called the first epoch in the his-
tory of American homoeopathy. There was this little company of believers
in New York city who had been timid in advancing the claims of the new
medical system, for they were all men of trained intellect, men who did iiot
decide hastily, but cjuietly were following the precept — prove all things and
hold fast to that which is good. Over in Pennsylvania also there were cer-
tain earnest and cultured men who had become convinced of the truth of
homoeopathy and were about to found a college for its proper teaching ; so
that in two distinct centers in the United States in this first epoch of its Amer-
ican existence, the law of healing of the German doctor had gained a firm
footing. The New York men now had become so confident that the time
seemed proper to assume a more public attitude and to establish a homoeopathic
society.
Previous to the year 1834, the only society which the little band of homoe-
opathists attended was the New York Medical Society, numbering as its mem-
bers all the physicians in regular practice in New York. But now the friends
determined that it was time to form some union exclusively for the believers
in homoeopathy, therefore the New York Homoeopathic Society was organized
September 23, 1834. The following preamble was published to the consti-
tution :
" Whereas a great share of the reformation which is now taking place
in the art of education, in criminal jurisprudence, in political science, and in
the science of medicine, is to be attributed to the increased attention with
which the studious and humane have investigated the natural history of man,
and the influence which physical and moral agents exert upon his growth,
health, morals and happiness ; and whereas there exists in the archives of
homoeopathia an extensive fund of testimony (as yet unknown to English
readers) which is believed to be very essential to the right understanding of
the subjects above named —
" Therefore, the subscribers, holding the advancement of the public wel-
fare by the diffusion of knowledge to be a most sacred and noble duty, in-
cumbent upon all who enjov the rights and means of inquiry, have resolved
to associate, and, by this instrument, do associate, under the style of the 'New
York Homoeopathic Society ' for the purpose of protecting, enriching and dis-'
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
83
seminating such of the propositions and testimonies of HomcEopathia as upon
mature trial they shall find to be sound and available," etc. Officers of the
society for 1834-5 : President, John F. Gray ; vice-presidents, Edward A.
. Strong, George Baxter ; corresponding secretary. Federal Vanderburgh ; re-
cording secretary, Daniel Seymour ; treasurer, F. A. Lohse ; registrar, A.
Gerald Hull : librarian, F. L. Wilsev ; finance committee, J. H. Patterson,
Oliver S. Strong, L. M. H. Butler, William Bock.
This society was composed of physicians and laymen. William Cullen
Bryant, the poet-editor, was a member. He was an early convert to homoe-
opathy and all his life was a strong supporter of its principles.
The year 1835 was memorable as being the period of the establishment
of the first homceopathic magazine in the United States, " The American
E. E. Snyder, :Sl. D.
Journal of Homoeopath ia."' It was a small octavo of forty-eight pages, edited
by Drs. John F. Gray and Amos G. Hull. Four numbers were issued — Feb-
ruary, April, June and August. In a letter to Dr. Geddes M. Scott, published
in the "Homceopathic Examiner" for February, 1841, Dr. Hull says:
" Your course in Scotland is just such as that pursued by the late Dr. Gram
and his friend. Dr. Gray, the first American confessors of homoeopathy. They
continued from 1826 till 1832 to observe a silence on the subject which was
much blamed by the later converts. I was during these years an earnest
student and adherent of the science, and approved their course till the year
1834. when Dr. Gray and myself published the 'American Journal of Homoe-
84 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
opathia.' * '"'" * Our publications ui 1834 were still too early for public
opinion here, but it occurred in 1833 (as it soon may in your city and king-
dom) that imperfectly educated and unscrupulous physicians began to drive
a trade in the new system by a series of mountebank arts. This proceeding
rendered it necessary to forestall the consequences of this flespicable, but cer-
tainly not surprising conduct."
A notable convert of this time was Henry Delavan Paine, a student of
Dr. Hull, father of A. Gerald Hull. Dr. Paine was born in Delhi, Delaware
county. New York, June 19, 1816, and graduated at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons in 1838. While a student in New York he often heard earnest
discussions on homoeopathy between Hull, Gray and others, and determined
after graduation to embrace that system, and for a year devoted himself to
its study, adopted its principles and located at Newburgh-on-the-Hudson. As
a junior student during the cholera epidemic of 1834, he visited the hospitals
and assisted in the care of the patients, and there again had opportunity to
see the beneficial effects of homoeopathic medication in that fatal disease.
While practicing in Newburgh he applied for membership in the Orange
County Medical Society, but his application was refused on the ground " that
he practiced a system of medicine disapproved by the members thereof."
Thus, it became necessary for a practitioner to be a member of the county
society as the course of the Orange county organization was likely to be fol-
lowed by other societies throughout the state for the purpose of checking
the progress of the so-called heresy. It was important to ascertain by a
judicial decision the power of county medical societies to determine the eligi-
bility of any legally authorized practitioner, and Dr. Paine therefore applied
to the Supreme court of the state for a mandamus requiring the Orange
county society to admit him as a member, the validity of his credentials having
been fully conceded. The case was decided by Judge Cowan in favor of the
society, the application being denied. This decision was really favorable to
the cause of homoeopathy, as it led to legislation which repealed many of the
objectionable laws and authorized the formation of homoeopathic societies, with
ail the rights and privileges of the allopathic school ; and it was largely^
through Dr. Paine's efforts and influence that this was accomplished. In
1844 Dr. Vanderburgh addressed a letter to Judge Cowan protesting against
the decision, and entitled it " An Appeal for Homoeopathy." This was pub-
lished in a pamphlet by Radde in 1844. In 1845 ^^- Paine removed from
Newburgh to Albany, where he lived and practiced until 1865, when he re-
turned to New York. He passed the years 1884 to 1886 in Europe and
returning resumed his practice, but on account of ill health gave it up and
devoted himself to literary pursuits. He was a member of the first conven-
tion of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and held many important
positions in societies, hospitals and colleges. He was a member of the board
of Regents of the University of the State of New York, and also of the first
hoard of state medical examiners. He died at the residence of his son-in-law.
Francis H. Delano, in New York city, June ir, 1893. at the age of scvcntv-
seven years.
Dr. Benjamin C. Dutcher cam.e from Utica to New York citv in 1831.
In 1834 he studied German in order to more thoroughly study homoeonathv.
He practiced for four or five years when he became a dentist. lie died in
Newark. New Jersey, October 20. 1889.
Dr. Clark Wright embraced homoeopathy in 1839. Son of Asahel Wright^
HISTORY OF IIOaIG^OPATHY
85
lie was born at Windsor, Berkshire county, Alassacliusetts, in 1799. He
studied with his brother. Dr. Grin Wrip^ht, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, at-
tended lectures and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
New York in 1823. An epidemic of ophthalmia had raged in the Protestant
Half Orphan Asylum from 1838 to 1842. and Dr. Wright prescribed for four
cases. In a month they were well, and he was requested to take charge of all
the cases of the disease. He invited Drs. Parker and Oilman, professors in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons, to examine forty-three cases, and
six weeks afterwards Dr. Parker, finding them cured, pronounced " the suc-
cess of the treatment unprecedented." Dr. Wright was then asked to take
charge of the children having skin diseases, which he did with such good
Walter C. Palmer, M. D.
results that he was invited to take entire medical charge. He died in New
York in March, 1863, aged sixty-four years.
Dr. Alonzo S. Ball became interested in homoeopathy in 1838. He was
born in Keene, New Hampshire, February 11, 1800. When he was two vears
old his parents removed to Lowville, New York, where he was educated.' He
entered the office of Dr. Sylvester Miller at Lowville in 1821, and in 1824
attended lectures at Fairfield Medical College. In 1825 he went to New
York to attend lectures at the College of Phvsicians and Surgeons, but ill
Tiealth mterfered and he took only a partial course. He did not receive a
diploma, but returning to Lowville took a license to practice from the Lewis
County Medical Society, and located at Salina (afterward a part of Svracuse)
He remained there ten years, returning to New York in 1835. Dr. Ball thus
86 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
speaks of this time: " I was a poor man entirely dependent on my own ex-
ertions, with a famdy to provide for, and I came to this city as a sort of
necessity of business. I had some leisure, as you may well understand, and
I had some friends. I had a friend who said to me, ' Doctor, may there not
be some truth in homoeopathy?' I said to him. (he was a clergyman),
' Doctor, it grieves me exceedingly to think that you lend your name to that
humbug.' At the end of three years I came to the conviction that there
might be truth in homoeopathy." In 1838, Dr. Ball was introduced by
his pastor, Rev. Dr. Patton, to Dr. Vanderburgh, the minister's physician.
His friend, Dr. Cook, had given him a book on the new medical idea and had
spoken highly of Dr. Curtis, Gram's student. So Ball went one evening to
visit Curtis. Of this visit he says : " I heard that there was a young man
in the city by the name of Curtis, who was with Gram, an enlightened homoe-
opathist. So I ventured one night, like Nicodemus, to see this young man
and I was interested in him exceedingly. His very presence magnetized me
with the impression that I was in the presence of a man of might ; and he
treated me kindly and I just told him my story that I had a patient that the
doctors could not cure. It was a lady forty years of age, with chronic
laryngitis." Dr. Biall had treated this lady for three months without relief.
Dr. Cook, the consultant, said she could not live two months more and thought
it was a case that would be a good test of the new system. Dr. Curtis saw
the case with him and that the result was doubtful, but Avas willing to try
the new remedies. He prescribed belladonna 2d, twelve pellets in one-third
tumbler of water, a teaspoonful at night and one in the morning. In speaking
of it Dr. Ball said : " On my visit the next day she remarked that she would
take no more of that medicine as it increased her sufferings. I told her to
stop it and without a word 'of encouragement left the house ; indeed I had
been told too often by her that she was worse to feel particularly encouraged
by it. However, I called the next day but one, when she met me at the door
of her room with the astounding declaration^ ' Why, doctor, I don't know but
that I am cured. On the morning following your last visit I found mv throat
better, and from that time it has been improving steadily until it really seems
as if 1 was almost well.' So astonished was I at the statement, not a little
provoked with myself, too, that three or four pellets should have done more
in a few hours for my patient than all my pills, boluses and blisters in six
months ; so astonished was I, that I sat down beside her and entered into a
careful examination of her symptoms which resulted in the conviction that
her statement was true. The improvement continued and she was discharged
entirely cured by the time Dr. Cook had predicted her death." The result of
this and other trials soon made Ball an enthusiastic homoeopathist. He was
one of the original members of the institute. He died at Saratoga. New
York, December 17. i8()3.
Dr. Alfred Freeman was induced bv Dr. Ball to investigate homoeopathy.
He was born in Salem, Washington county. New York, November 6, 1793,
and was a son of Andrew .and Elizabeth Freeman. He studied medicine with
his uncle. Dr. Asa Fitch. While a student he was called on to bear arms at
the battle of Plattsburg. He passed the winters of 1816 and 1817 in New-
York city attending medical lectures, and having graduated he returned to his
native place where he practiced seventeen vears. Tic removed to New York
in 1834 and established himself in a practice which in a few years became
large. He had opposed homoeopathy, as did his professional brethren, but his
HISTORY OF IK ).\l(]-:ol'.\'rilV
87
friend Ball induced liiin to investii^ate, and he became convinced. Dr. Ball,
telling the story, said: " 1 started out and made it my business to tell my
story. I told it to some young men whom I knew and among them Dr. Free-
man. I had great respect tor him as a man who delighted to listen to truth.
I had an appointment to go to the eastern part of the town, and I called at
his house and told him my story. After hearing me he looked at me pitifully
and said, ' Doctor, I should as soon have expected you to become an author.'
'Very like,' said 1, 'nevertheless, I think you will do well to look at it/ and
I left him. And the doctor did look at it and as mui know, became a convert
and went into it with all his heart." It was ])r(il)a' 1\- about the year 1839-
that Dr. Fi-eeman began to investigate the new s\stem. Hq died of paralvsis
March 8, 1861.
A. AicA'ickar, :\
It wai- through b'reeman thai Dr. Henry Gale Dunnell became convinced
of the truth of homcTeopathy. He was born in Albany, New York, September
17, 1804. and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1826,
in the class with Drs. Gray, Hallock, Joslin and Palmer. While on friendly
terms with the homceopathic physicians and in favor of the public and re-
corded examination and voting with them for it in the New York Medical
Society, of which they were all members, he nevertheless opposed their pe-
culiar beliefs. Dunnell thus tells his own story : " Mv eves were opened, and
it was in this manner: I had a case of puerperal convulsions which came on
several h(jurs after a hard labor with complete exhaustion. It was an un-
usual case: we bled and blistered the patient and went through all the usual
88 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
forms of treatment that we usually used, and still after forty-eight hours had
elapsed no beneficial results occurred. Meanwhile 1 was called into the coun-
try, and just as I was going away the husband came running after me and
wished me to go and see his wife, as she had a return of the convulsions and
more violent than ever. I could not go and was obliged to say so. And when
I returned in two or three days I met a woman I had seen at that house and
asked her as to the result. .She said to me, " Mrs. S. is well, quite well.
When you were unable to come they called in another doctor, Dr. Freeman,
and he gave her something in some water and she never had another convul-
sion.' 1 immediately slipped away to my friend, Dr. Freeman. I knew him to
be a man of truth. I had had frequent intercourse with him and could place
dependence upon his word. I asked Freeman about the matter and he said, ' I
tell you it is true and I advise you to look into it.' ' Do you see proofs of its
truth?' said I. 'Yes,' he replied. He loaned me some books and I went to
reading. I took the matter up very slowly. I had previously held some con-
versation with Dr. Channing, and I had seen him trying fearlessly to cure
cholera in 1832 with his minute doses of camphor, and I was more inclined
to trust my secret with Channing than with my friend. Dr. Gray, for fear he
would laugh at me. It was some time after that before I became a convert.
Dr. Freeman came to the city in 1835 and located on Hudson street. I was
just opposite. As we had leisure and common sympathies, our circumstances
brought us together. Soon after Dr. Freeman moved to the east side, and
I was converted to homoeopathy, and then I wanted to convert the whole pro-
fession." This cure of Dunnell's patient occurred in the early part of 1840.
He continued to practice in New York city until his death, which occurred
September 4, 1868. He was an original member of the American Institute of
HomcBopathy.
Another of the members of this first union was George W. Cook, who
was born at Hyde Park, Dutchess county, New York, May 21, 1806. He
commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Wingfield in Crawford and com-
pleted his term with Dr. Pomeroy White of Hudson. He graduated at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1828, and commenced
practice in Stockport. In 1836 he removed to Hudson and in 1838 began
there the practice of homoeopathy. In May, 1844, he went to New York and
was in partnership with Dr. Channing one year. He then practiced alone
until 1848, when he became partner with Dr. Jacob Beakley, but in the spring
of 1849, '^ii account of ill health, he returned to his brother. Dr. A. P. Cook,
at Hudson, where he died October i, 1850.
Samuel Bancroft Barlow adopted homoeopathy in 1837. He was born
in Granville, Massachusetts, April 10. 1798, After educating himself he
taught school from 1814 to 1817. meanwhile studying history and botanic
medicine. In 1819 he entered the ofiice of Dr. Vincent Holcombe, and two
years later became the student of Dr. Joseph P. Jewett of (iranby, Connecti-
cut, lie graduated from Yale Medical School in 1822. He practiced medi-
cine iii New England until 1834 or 1835, when he went to Florida. Orange
county. New York. As early as 1837 he was openly practicing homoeopathy.
While he was investigating, when there was doubt about a case, he was ac-
customed to write to Hull or Vanderlnngh or Curtis for advice. He removed
to New York in 1841. In 1863 li^ became professor of materia medica in
the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, retaining that position for
eight years. In 1850 he imported some of the woorara poison from South
HISTORY OT- Hr).Ma-:OPATHY
89
America, and was successful in usin<^ it in ])aralytic cases. In July, 1868, he
was sunstruck, was sick for four years, and then retired from active practice.
He died February 27, 1876.
Among the physicians belonging to the second epoch of homoeopathy who
were influential in its growth in New York, may be mentioned Dr. Benjamin
Franklin Bovvers, born in Billerica, Mass., in 1796; graduated at Yale in
1819; formed a partnership with Dr. B. F. Joslin in New York in 1837; was
appointed phxsician to the New York Dispensary, but in 1839 was expelled for
investigating homeopath}-. In 1847 'i^ became physician to the Half Orphan
Asvlum in New York, retaining the position for many years. A remarkable
mental feat of this man was that when nearly eighty years old, at the tune
of the appointment of a state board of medical examiners by the regents of
the tmiversity, he voluntarily entered upon a thorough review of all the de-
partments of medical science, with a view of presenting himself as a candidate
for a state degree. He passed a rigid examination, much to the great aston-
ishment and admiration of the examiners, and was the first successful can-
didate for that distinction. His death occurred
a few weeks afterwards, on February 7, 1875.
Dr. Zina Harris was born in \'ermont in
1792. About 1840 he was practici.ng homoeop-
athy in New York city. In 1842 he had an
ofifice in Canal street, near Laight street, and
Avas then a homoeopathist. He was eccentric
and reticent, and little is known of his birth
and education. He died in Brooklyn, x'Xpril 30,
1859. of apoplexy, and was buried in Green-
wood cemetery.
Dr. Richard M. Bollcs was born Septem-
ber 16, 1797, at Hudson, New York. He
studied with Dr. White of Hudson and was
licensed to practice about 1818 by the medical
society of Columbia county. He received a
diploma from the medical college at Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, in 1832. He practiced for a
time with his preceptor and then went to Delhi.
New York. _ He returned to New York city in 1824 and in 1832 married a
Miss Hodgkinson. Dr. 13olles formed an acquaintance with Channing prior to
1840. A personal observation of Qianning's successful treatment led him to
make experiments for himself with homoeopathic medicines. In 1841 he declared
Iiis belief and ever afterward practiced homoeopathv. He studied the Materia
Medica Pura in the German, and used as a constant handbook Jahr's Manual,
in French, lor which he prepared a synoptical index. He also wrote a poetic
description of chest pains and their remedies, and a tabulation of Boenning-
Iiausen's " Pocket Book." He died in New York, August 9. 1865.
Dr. Walter C. Palmer was born in New Jersey, Februarv 9. 1804. In
1826 he graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. In 1827 he mar-
ried Phoebe Wcrrall and located in New York city. Soon after Ball's con-
version to homoeopathy, he met Palmer at a religious meeting held at the
house of the latter. After the meeting they were introduced, when Ball men-
tioned homoeopath}-, to which Palmer replied that when he adopted such a
system his friends might consider him a fit subject for a lunatic asvlum. In
F. Jos
M. D.
i>0 . HISTORY OF HOM GEO PATH Y
1840 Palmer had a case of hip disease that baffled the skill of many physicians
and was ni>t improving. He then asked Ball for a homoeopathic prescription
for the patient, and was surprised and disappointed that the invalid began to
improve after the first dose. Thinking the case really resulted from the effect
of the previous medicine and not from the homoeopathic prescription, he tried
a homceopathic remedy in a case of diarrhoea, expecting to prove its fallacy,
but the patient was cured and he was compelled to acknowledge the truth of
the system of Hahnemann, and practiced it for eighteen years, until 1858,
wdien he retired. He was an institute member of 1846. He died ]u\\ 20,
1883.
Dr. John Augustus AIcA^ickar was born in Schenectady, New York, June
16, 1812, graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1833, and
was the first professor of obstetrics in the medical department of the New
York University. He became interested in homoeopathy in 1841, through Dr.,
Zina Harris, and acknowledged that it was a principle in medicine, but not
an exclusive medical system. He died January 29, 1892.
Dr. Benjamin Franklin Joslin was born at Exeter, Rhode Island, Novem-
ber 25, 1796. When a boy he gave up his interest in his patrimony to be
allowed to spend his time in study. For several years he taught and studied,
and graduated at Union College in 1821 ; studied medicine in Nev*^ York,
graduating from the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1826. He then
took the professorship of chemistry and natural sciences in a polytechnic
school at Chittenango, where he practiced and lectured one year. In January,"
1827, he took the chair of mathematics and natural philosophy in Union Col-
lege, which he held ten years. In 1835 he removed' to New York and gave
up part of his college duties in order to devote himself to practice. For some
years he gave lectures on anatomy and physiology with dissections. Dr.
Bowers, who wrote an extended biography of Joslin, published in the " Trans-
actions of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society " for 1863,
says: " In 1837 ^^^ resigned his professorship, formed a partnership with the
writer and removed to New York. His scientific reputation had preceded
him and led to his appointment in 1838 to the chair of mathematics and nat-
ural philosophy in the University of the City of New York, which he held
until 1844. In 1839 I was led to examine and adopt homoeopathy. In 1840
our partnership was dissolved. Dr. Joslin was prejudiced against homoe-
opathy, and was not convinced by my experience. I assured him that he
could soon be convinced of its truth, and that the easiest way of testing it
was to try it on himself. A physician of his acquaintance, having published an
attack on homceopathy, wrote to Dr. Joslin for his opinion of the system,,
intending to publish it. Dr. Joslin was unwilling to publish an opinion which
was not founded on a knowledge of the subject and determined to make
practical experiment. ' I took,' he says, ' the third attenuation of a medicine
and avoiding the study of its alleged symptoms as recorded in books, I made
a record of all the new symptoms which I experienced. When this record
was completed I examined a printed list of symptoms and was surprised to
find a remarkable coincidence betwceen them and those I had experienced." "
Dr. Joslin tried other ex]:)eriments to convince himself of the scientific cer-
tainty of the homceopathic provings, and was finally obliged to admit their
truth. This was in 1842, after sixteen years of allopathic practice. Joslin
for thirtv vears made dailv meteorological observations. He wrote manv
HISTORY (J]/ HUMCEUPATHY
91
important scientific and medical essavs. He died of paralysis December 31^
1861.
Dr. George Elislia Ikdcher was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, Febru-
ary 7, 1818. He graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in
1839, and practiced with his father several years. Hearing casually of homce-
opathy, he decided to investigate its merits. He procured a copy of Hahne-
mann's Organon and the Allentown Jahr, which he read, and then experi-
mented with homoeopathic remedies. The result was that in 1844 he em-
braced homoeopathy. He was a leading figure among the homoeopathic phy-
sicians of New Y'ork for many years. He died of pleuro pneumonia compli-
cated with chronic asthma, November i. 1890.
Dr. Edward r>ayard was born in Wilmington, Delaware, March 6, 1806.
Lewis Hallock. ^I. D.
He studied law in Canandaigua. New York, and was admitted to the bar.
He then studied medicine, graduating from the medical department of New
York University in 1845. ^^ hile studying law in Seneca Falls he practiced
homoeopathy as a layman, and introduced it in that vicinity. He died October
28, 1889. For many years he practiced in New York city.
Dr. Walter Stewart was a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York in 1848. He was a pupil of Gray and also of Car-
nochan and was a man of superior education, fine talents, and a surgeon of
rare ability. He practiced in New York city. He died of consumption in
Natchez. Mississippi, in August, 1863, aged about forty-one years.
Dr. Lewis Hallock was born in New Y'ork, June 30, 1803. He studied
92
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
at Clinton University, commenced the study of medicine with a relative, Dr.
Lewis Hallock of Southhold. and a year after returned to New York and
•entered the office of Dr. John W. Francis, professor of obstetrics in the Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, where he graduated in 1826. In this class
were four others v/ho afterward became homoeopathists : Gray, Joslin, Dun-
iiell and Palmer. Hallock had practiced allopathy for fifteen years when he
was induced to try homceopathic remedies in a case, with the result that he
Ijecame convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and an avowed practitioner of
it. He joined the institute m 1846. He died March 3, 1897, in New York
city, where he had practiced seventy-five years, having reached the great
age of ninety-four.
Dr. James M. Qum was born m New York in 1806. He graduated with
P. P. Wells, M. D.
honors from Columbia College, and afterwards was professor of Latin and
Greek in that institution. He studied medicine with Hosack, but after prac-
ticing allopathy for several years embraced the method of Hahnemann. To
thoroughly master its principles he studied German and French. He became
well known as a specialist in diseases of the throat and chest. He also was
an accomplished musician and instrumental in promoting musical progress.
He died March 26, 1868.
Dr. John Taylor was born in Hallowell (or .Augusta), Maine, in March',
1802, and graduated in New York. He was converted to homoeopathy by
Dr. Caleb Ticknor. He removed from New York to Ann Arbor, Michigan,
and from there went to Rochester, New York, succeeding Dr. Bieglcr. He
began to practice homoeo])athy in Ann Arbor, probably in 1844 or 1845. ^^
finally located in New York, where he died, April 5. 1850.
HISTORY OF HO^rCF.OPATHY 93-
Dr. Pliineas Parkhurst Wells was born in Hopkinton, New Hampshire,
in 1808, and was the son of Dr. Thomas G. Wells. In youth he worked as a
printer, but decided to study medicine, working at his " case " during the
daytime, rising at four in the morning and reading late at night at his medical
studies. He graduated at Bowdoin College in 1833. He began practice in Rox-
bury, Massachusetts, where he remained until 1839. when, impaired in health,
he went to Cincinnati, Ohio. Afterward he located in Providence, Rhode
Island, where he was first interested in homoeopathy through Dr. A. H. Okie.
He studied German in order to understand homoeopathy. About this time he
became acquainted wath Dr. Wesselhoeft, who had recently removed to Boston
from Philadelphia, and who gave him a letter of introduction to Hering. He
visited him, and Hering turned the key of his office door, refusing to see any
more patients that day, and they talked until the next morning at four o'clock.
Wells found the knowledge he sought in the conversation of Hering. In
December, 1843, '""^ located in Brooklyn, where he practiced until his death,
November 22, 1891. He was one of the stalwarts of Hahnemannian homoe-
opathy.
M . HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
CHAPTER V
HOMOEOIWTHV IN NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
Outspreading of the Homceopathic Doctrine from New York City Into the Several
Counties of the State — The Pioneers and Their Trials and Triumphs — Reminiscences
and Si<etches.
While the doctrine of Hahnemann was becoming adopted by so many of
the best known physicians in New York city, the progress of the system was
also rapid in other parts of the state, especially in Northern New York.
In 1833 Dr. Joseph Birnstill, who had been converted to homoeopathy in
Germany by Dr. Griesselich, came to America, reaching New York in May.
He soon went to Dunkirk, Chautauqua county, and attempted to prac-
tice the new system. At that time the name of homoeopathy was hardly known
in the county. Dr. Birnstill could converse only in German and hardly a
person in the county could speak that language, but notwithstanding these
difficulties he made some cures in chronic cases. In about eight months he
went to Westfield, in the same county. He gradually acquired a knowledge
of English and an increase in practice, but meeting with little sympathy from
other physicians he went to Buffalo. In a few months he returned to West-
field. When he applied for membership in the Chautauqua County Medical
Society with authentic evidence of having received the degree of doctor of
medicine, he was rejected solely on account of his medical practice. He was
so embarrassed by his ignorance of English and by his foreign birth, and by
the ridicule of the physicians, that he finally went to Erie, Pennsylvania, in
1839, thence to Massillon, Ohio, and from there to Worcester, Massachusetts.
He practiced in Worcester three years and in 1847 went to Boston, and in
1849 to Newton Corners, where he died in 1867.
As early as November, -1837, Dr. Augustus Philip Biegler began practice
in Albany. In 1838 he was admitted to membership in the medical society
of the city and county of New York. In the spring of 1840 he went to
Schenectady, being the pioneer there, and in the autumn of the same year
located at Rochester. Later, in 1840, Dr. Biegler visited Hahnemann in Paris.
He returned to Rochester, where he remained until his death in 1849. ^^
1838 Dr. Biegler was partner with Dr. Rosenstein in Albany.
Dr. Emanuel Sieze opened ati office in Hudson, Columbia county, pre-
vious to 1839, and during that year went to Albany. It is said he was instru-
mental in persuading Dr. Biegler to leave Germany for America, and that they
journeyed together. Dr. Charles Frederick Hoffendahl, coming to this coun-
try in 1837, after remaining three years in Philadelphia, located at Albany in
1840.
As earlv as 1835 or 183c) houKeoiiathy was mtrt^duced into Dutchess cntnitv
by a practitioner who went from Albanv to Clinton to attend a case of chronic
rheumatism. However, Dr. Federal Vanderburgh was the real pioneer in
this county, locating at Rhinebeck in 1843. Soon after he settled there he
HISTORY OF HOMa-:OPATHY 95
induced Dr. A. Hall of Fishkill to adopt the new method. About this period
one Dr. Formes introduced homoeopathy in Poughkeepsie.
Dr. Vanderburgh also converted the Rev. James Lillie to homoeopathic
belief. This was in 1840. Dr. Lillie had studied in the University of Edin-
burgh, a part of the time in the medical department, and as he had acquired a
taste for medicine he was easily induced to investigate homceopathy and be-
came convinced of its truth. Dr. Lillie in his pastoral visits was wont some-
times to prescribe, though reluctantly, for the temporal welfare of his flock.
His custom was to take the Materia Medica Pura (Jourdan's French transla-
tion) with him to the bedside. In 1842 he went to New York and was regu-
larly graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons. He afterward
went to Toronto, Canada.
The pioneer in Chenango county was Dr. Caspar Bruchhausen, who lo-
cated in Green in 1842. He was born August 25. 1806, in Frankfort-on-the-
Main, received a classical education and became a literary man. In the spring
of 1836 he came to America and was employed by George Wesselhoeft of
Philadelphia, who imported and dealt in books and homoeopathic medicines,
and also published a German newspaper. He thus became acquainted with
Hering, Green, Humphrey. Matlack and other early homoeopathic practi-
tioners. Among them was Dr. Charles F. Hoffendahl, from Berlin. Prussia,
who befriended Bruchhausen and under his encouragement and tuition the
latter commenced the study of medicine. In 1839 he went with him to Al-
bany, where Dr. Hoffendahl entered practice. He afterward studied in Hud-
son, New York, with Dr. George W. Cock. Ill healthy caused him to relin-
quish graduation and for a time he devoted himself to literature. In 1842,
learning of an opening for a homoeopathic physician in Chenango county, one
of the then recently settled counties of New York, he located at Green. In
Mav, 1843, he went to Oxford, remaining there five years, and in 1848 set-
tled permanently in Norwich. He died December 28, 1891.
In 1836 Dr. Martin Freligh, of Saugerties, Ulster county, became inter-
ested in homoeopathy. He visited Vanderburgh in New York and was sent
to Channing, who gave him his first instructions in homoeopathic medication.
Dr. Freligh left Ulster county, going to Rhinebeck, Dutchess county. In
1841 Dr. Garrett D. Crispell investigated the subject. He had been ah old
school practitioner for eighteen years.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Auburn, Cayuga county, by Horatio
Robinson, who was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1804. He graduated at
the Berkshn-e Medical School and commenced practice at the age of twenty-
one. For the next twelve years he resided at Stonington, Connecticut, after
which he went to Yates county, New York, where he remained four years
and then settled in Auburn. While living in Y^ates county he became ac-
quainted with Mr. Bayard of Seneca Falls, afterwards Dr. Bayard of New
York, who was then testing the merits of the homoeopathic system. This
was Dr. Robinson's first mtroduction to homoeopathy. He, like others, be-
came convinced only after practical demonstration. When he located in Au-
burn in May, 1841, he formed a partnership with Dr. Humphrey, who was
physician to the hospital of Auburn state prison, and who was ignorant of his
partner's change of medical faith. The day after he arrived Dr. Humphrey
took him to see a case and the next day went to New York, leaving Rob-
inson to attend the business. The patient had been sick for seven weeks, and
had been seen by two allopathic physicians in consultation. Dr. Robinson
96
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
treated t\v.s case secretly and successfully with homoeopathic medicines, and
the result caused the new system to he favorably received. Soon afterward
cholera broke out in the prison, and Dr. Robinson at Dr. Humphrey's request
treated certain cases with' arsenic and veratrum, and with marked success. In
Jul}-. 1841, Dr. Robinson w^as called to Throopsville to see a patient for Dr.
JMcCarthy, who was anxious to observe the effect of the homoeopathic reme-
dies. The success in the case was so complete that he began to investigate,
only to become convinced and soon to adopt the new system. Dr. McCarthy
was the second convert to homoeopathy in Cayuga county. He afterward
W'cnt to Utica.
The Old school opposition to homoeopathy was malignant and even threat-
ened prosecution, and in order to test the matter Mr. Peterson of Springport,
a lawyer, supplied himself with homoeopathic books and medicines and began
practice, visiting patients and taking fees, without having a diploma. Suit
was brought, trial followed, and the jury brought in a verdict of three-
quarters of a cent for the plaintiff, and at the same time donated their fees
•to the defendant. Dr. Robinson practiced for many years and died July 28,
1889. It is said that his homoeopathic (mtfit con-
sisted of a small paper box, in which were eleven
vials of homoeopathic pellets, each vial about the
dfameter of a goose cjuill, and one and a half inches
in length ; also a copy of Epps' " Domestic Homoe-
()]iathy." It is said that Auburn prison was the
first public institution in which homoeopathy was
introduced.
Dr. W. W. Alley, contemporary with Robin-
son, lived to be the oldest homoeopathic physician
in the world, having practiced for sixtv-five years.
Me was l)orn in 1802 in Sullivan county. New
"^'ork. and died at Moravia, New York, January
24. 1802.
Dr. Harvey Hull Cator introduced homceopathy
into ( )nondaga county, locating in Syracuse in
1842. He was born in Roxbury, Delaware county,
New York. July 12, 1815, and graduated from the Geneva Medical College
in 1840. In 1 84 1 he commenced the practice of allopathy at Moravia, Cayuga
county. His attention was first called to homoeopathy by Dr. Robinson of
Auburn. His own wife was cured by homoeopathic medicines after being
given up by the allopathic physicians and he was led to adopt the new medical
system. Syracuse seemed to be a favorable field in which to begin the new
practice and he located there in 1842. He remained for several years. A
notable circumstance of his sojourn was that he published there the " Homoeo-
pathic Pioneer," a scientific and practical journal of homoeopathy. Twelve
numbers were issued, July, 1845, to June, 1846. It was a small quarto of
sixteen pages. Dr. L. M. Tracy was associated with Dr. Cator in this venture.
The latter was compelled on account of his wife's health to leave Syracuse in
1846, at which time he went west, opening an ofifice in Milwaukee with Dr.
Tracy. He subsequently returned to New York and in 1874, after living in
several places, opened an office in Camden, New Jersey, where he died Feb-
ruary 21, 1882. In 1852 there were but five homoeopathic physicians in Syra-
Horatio Koliinson, '\\. 1).
HISTORY OF HOMCEOi'ATllV • 97
cuse; in 1857, seven; in 1870, eleven; in 1880, seventeen; in 1890, twenty-
one; in 1899, thirty, and in 1904, thirty-one.
The first practitioner of homojopathy in Rensselaer county was Dr. F. S.
Field, a graduate of Knigs College Hospital, London, an accomplished man,
but being unknown and advocating a new doctrine, he was unable to support
himself and left after two years. This was in 1839 or 1840. He was ac-
quainted Vv^ith Drs. Richard S. Bryan and Richard Bloss and furnished
them wath the translation of Jahr's Manual, then lately published. Bloss
openlv adopted homoeopathy in 1841, being influenced by witnessing several
remarkable cures. In 1852 there were in Troy but three homoeopathists. Drs.
Bryan, Bloss and Simeon A. Cook; in 1857 there were four; in 1870, eleven;
in 1880, thirteen; in 1890, eleven; in 1899, ten.
In 1842 Dr. Daniel Starkweather Kimball, who had been for some years
practicing allopathy at Sackett's Harbor, Jefferson county, declared his belief
in homoeopathy. He was born in Charlestown, iMontgomery county. New York,
January 7, 1806, and was in part educated at '
Auburn Theological Seminary. In 1824 he com-
menced the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph F.
Pitney, of AulDurn. He graduated at Fairfield ^
Medical School in 1828, and settled at Sackett's
Harbor. When Dr. Kimball adopted homoeopathy
he was the only practitioner of that school within
an area of eightv miles. He died December 12,
1882.
Dr. George W. Cook introduced homoeopathy
into Columbia county in 1838. He was born at
Hyde Park, Dutchess county, ^lay 21, 1806, and
studied medicine with Dr. Winfield of Crawford,
Orange countv, and with Dr. Pomeroy White, of
Hudson. He graduated at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1828, H. C. Hubbard, :m. I).
and settled in Stockport, Columbia county,
remaining there until 1836, when he located at Hudson. He began practice
in 1838, two years after he had located in the town. In 1844 he removed to
New York. His health failed and after short partnerships with Qianning
and Beakley he returned to Hudson, where he died October i, 1849.
Dr. Henry C. Hubbard was the pioneer of homoeopathy in Cortland
county, and practiced many years in the town of Scott. He was born in
Berlin, Rensselaer county, March 24, 1810, and died in Scott, March 22, 1867.
In 1842 Dr. W'iilis R. Browne, after practicing allopathy for five years, read
the Organon, became convinced of its truth, and began the practice of homoeo-
pathy. In a letter written about that time he says : " For about five years
previously I had practiced on the principles of the old school under a diploma
from the professors of one of the colleges, but I can distinctly see that my
knowledge of the art of healing commenced with my acquaintance with that
invaluable book."
To Dr. Nash Hull W^arner is due the honor of having introduced homoe-
opathy into Erie county. Dr. W^arner was born in Plymouth, Connecticut,
January 14, 1808, graduated from Yale Medical School in 1831. and com-
menced practice in A'an Dusenville, Mass., w'here he remained until 1836,
when he went to Euft'alo. Early in 1844 he became impressed with the triith
98 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
of homoeopathy, and in his diary under date of February 6, of that year, is
the following note : " This day I have made my first purely homoeopathic
prescription," The next year he fully adopted the system. At that time there
were but one or two homoeopathic physicians in Western New York, and Dr.
Warner was the victim of the most bitter opposition from his former col-
leagues. During the prevalence of cholera in 1849, ^^e fully demonstrated
the efficacy of the doctrine of Hahnemann. He practiced in Buffalo for-
many years, and died June 24, i860.
Dr. Charles A. Stevens practiced homoeopath}' in Buffalo as early as
1844. In 1852 there were six homoeopathic physicians in Buffalo; in 1857,
ten; in 1870, fifteen; in 1880, twenty-six; in 1890, fifty-six; in 1899, forty-
nine; and in 1904, forty-six.
In Herkimer county Dr. Nathan Spencer, born in Sangerfield, Oneida
•county, March 29, 1809, was the pioneer of homoeopathy. He read medicine
with Dr. Eli G. Bailey of Brookfield, Madison county, remaining with him
until the spring of 1834. During this time he attended three full courses of
lectures, one in Castleton, Vt., and two in Fairfield, Herkimer county, where
he graduated. He began practice at Winfield a short time after becoming a
member of the county society. Being of liberal mind, he began to investigate
homoeopathy about 1846, and was summoned before the bar of trial of the
■county society, expelled, and the records of the action were published in the
county papers. But Dr. Spencer defended the system splendidly, and con-
fessed to but one dereliction of duty, that, having by his agreement to the
by-laws promised to make progress in the healing art, he had failed in not
long before telling the society of his success with homoeopathic medicines.
He practiced in Winfield with excellent success, and died there December 7,
Dr. Erasmus Darwin Jones introduced homoeopathy in Essex county in
1844. He was born in Upper Jay, Essex county, September 10, 1818; was
graduated from the Albany Medical College in 1841, and at once began prac-
tice at Keeseville. In 1844 he adopted homoeopathy in his practice. In 1846
he went to Albany, where he resided for many years.
Dr. Ira Adams, an old school physician of Lowville, became dissatisfied
with allopathy and through the influence of friends adopted the homoeopathic
system. He had been practicing for thirty years and was the first homoeo-
pathic practitioner in Lewis county. He died in 1856.
In 1843 Dr. Chauncey M. Dake introduced homoeopathy into Livingston
county. He was the son of Dr. Jabez Dake, of Nunda, and was born Decem-
ber I, i8t6. He attended medical lectures at Geneva, but was obliged to
discontinue his studies in 1836, and began to practice under a state license.
He was converted to homoeopathy by his brother-in-law, Dr. H. Hull Cator,
in 1 84 1. While at Rushville he suffered with inflammatory rheumatism, and
becoming steadily worse called in Dr. Cator. who relieved and cured him
with homoeopathic treatment. When he recovered he procured homoeopathic
books and medicines and soon accepted the truth of the " little pills." In
1843 ^""c located at Gcneseo. He practiced for a time at Pittsburgh, Pa.. Imt
finally retired to a farm near Rochester, N. Y., where he died July 15, 1872.
in the spring of 1840 Dr. Robert Rossman removed from Hudson to
Brooklyn, where he was the first to raise the standard of homoeopathy. He
remained alone there for three years ^vhen he formed a partnership with Dr.
Aaron Cooke Hull, then of New York citv. Four or five months after Dr.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 99
l^ossman settled in the city, Dr. David Baker commenced practice there, and
to their earnest efforts the great success of the system of Hahnemann in
Brooklyn was larg^ely due. Dr. Rossman was born in Claverack, Columbia
county, October i8, 1807. He graduated from the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York, and located at Hudson, Columbia county, where he
became a convert to homoeopathy in 1839. He lived in Brooklyn until his
death, December 25, 1859.
The hi3tory of homoeopathy in Kings county is practically included in
that of Brooklyn. In 1852 there were the following practitioners of homoe-
opathy in that city : George R. Beebe, Abraham C. Burke, Joel Bryant, Car-
roll Dunham, Samuel Smith Guv, Charles Julius Hempel, Aaron Cooke Hull,
O. R. King. Edwin Albert Lodge, Reuben Curtis Moffatt, George V. New-
comb, J. R. Orton, Robert Rossman, C. D. Rossiter, Phineas Parkhurst Wells,
In 1857 the homoeopathic physicians there were D. Baker, J. Barker, J. B.
Bennett, Joel Brvant, Abraham C. Burke, J. Pitman Dinsmore, S. B. "Doty,
J. Duffin, Carroll Dunham, Joseph Bailev Elliott. Bernhard Fincke, H. S.
Gilbert, Samuel Smith Guy. S. H. Hanford, William H. Hanford, Aaron
Cooke Hull. Edwin Albert Lodge, Benjamin Clasby Macy, H. May, Henry
Minton, Reuben Curtis Moffatt. George V. Newcomb, William L. R. Per-
rine. Edward T. Richardson, M. A. Richter, Robert Rossman, John Gaul Ross-
man, Dr. Saltzweidel, Dr. Stamm, John Turner, James H. Ward, J. I. Watson,
Phineas Parkhurst Wells, Albert Wright, William Wright. J. Young.
In 1870 there were sixty-seven practitioners in Brooklyn; in 1880. one
hundred and twenty-nine; in 1892, two hundred and one; in 1904, one hun-
dred and seventy-six. Dr. Charles Harvey Hadley practiced at Blyther-
bourne. Dr. Robert Boocock at Flatbush and Dr. John C. Robert at New
LTtrecht.
In New York city in 1852 there were the following homoeopathic practition-
ers : James H. Allen, .Moses Anderson, H. D. Appleton, Alonzo S. Ball. Samuel
Bancroft Barlow, E. H. Bartlett, Edward Bayard, George Beaklev, Jacob Beak-
ley. George Elisha Belcher, H. W. Bell, T. J. Blakeney, Richard Montgomery
Bolies. Benjamin Franklin Bowers, Josiah Bowers, Edward V. Brown, Wil-
liam Channing, Eliza D. Cook, J. Croffut. Joseph Thomas Curtis, H. G. Doyle,
Henry Gale Dunnell, Benjamin C. Dutcher. Joseph T. Evans, Alfred Free-
man. Martin Freligh, John Franklin Gray, Egbert Guernsey, Lewis Hallock,
Benjamin Franklin Joslin, Edwin Merritt Kellogg, C. Kiersted, Hudson Kins-
ley. Stephen Reynolds Kirby, J. F. Mahon, Erastus Edgerton Marcy, Dr.
Morton. James Mairs, M. J. Mayer. H. G. McGonegal, Robert McMurray,
John Augustus McVickar, James Whiting Metcalf, Walter C. Palmer. Miles
Weslev Palmer, John C. Peters, James M. Ouin, A. Reisig, S. E. Shepherd.
Hunting Sherriii, Daniel E. Stearns, W. Stewart. John L, Sullivan. Federal
Vanderburgh, Lewis T. Warner, J. Westcott, Edwin West, E. G. Wheeler,
Ferdinand Little Wilsey. Abraham Durve?. Wilson, J. D. Worrall. Clark
W^right. In 1857 New York city contained ninety-three homoeopatbic prac-
titioners; in 1870, one hundred and forty-eight; in 1880. two hundred and
live; in 1890, four hundred and thirty-nine; in 1904. three hundred and
twentv-two.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Queens county by Dr. Spaulding, who
settled in Flushing in 1825 as an allopathic physician, and who embraced homoe-
opathv in 1839. He left Flushing in 1844.
The pioneer in ^lonroe county was Dr. Augustus Philip Biegler, who
00 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
went from Albany to Rochester in 1840. In 1852 there were ten homoeopathic
physicians m Rochester; in 1857 there were thirteen; in 1870, seventeen; in
1880, twenty-five; in 1890, fifty-two, and in 1899, sixty-three. In 1904 there
are recorded seventy-one.
About 1845 ^1'- Ezekiel Lovejoy, then located at Owego, the county seat
of Tioga county, introduced the new system to his patients. He had begun
practice as an allopathic physician at Owego in 1828. While visiting a sister
his attention was called to homoeopathy. He met Dr. Granger in New York
and tested its truth, and on his return home he adopted it in practice. He
was born at Stratford, Conn., July 6, 1803, and died in 1871.
' In the winter of 1843-44 Dr. Erastus Humphreys opened an office in
Utica for the practice of homoeopathy. He had been previously in practice
in Auburn where, in 1840, through the instrumentality of Dr. Horatio Robin-
son, who had recently become his partner, he was converted to a belief in
homoeopathy. He was an important acquisition, being one of the prominent
medical men of the vicinity, physician to the Auburn state prison, and having
great social influence. In 1842 he went to Syracuse where he practiced for a
year and a half, and where he was joined by Dr. H. Hull Cator, having been
the first to open an office in Onondaga county. In the fall of 1843 1"'g went
to Utica, being the pioneer both in the city of Utica and of Oneida county.
Dr. Humphreys remained in practice in Utica until 1847, when he went to
New York, leaving his son, Dr. Frederick Humphreys, who later became the
proprietor of " Humphreys' Specifics," and Dr. Samuel Stewart, to succeed
him. In New York he endeavored to found a homoeopathic hospital, but he
was prostrated by a sunstroke, from which he never recovered. He died on
March 14, 1848. He was born in Canton in 1784 and received his diploma
from the State Medical Society of Connecticut at Hartford in 1808. He
practiced with Dr. Everest for two years, when he went to Marcellus, Onon-
daga county, where he remained until 1823, when he went to Auburn.
Dr. Erastus A. Munger of Waterville, Oneida county, in the summer of
1843 went to New York for the purpose of learning something of the new
system. While there he became acquainted with Drs. Gray, Freeman, Bayard
and Kirby, purchased Jahr's New Manual and other homoeopathic books and
a supply of medicines, and on his return began the practice of homoeopathy.
At this time there was no other homoeopathic physician in the county or nearer
than Syracuse.
Dr. Leverett Bishop acquired an understanding of homoeopathy from the
Babcock brothers and Dr. Douglass of Hamilton, Madison county, in the
winter of 1843-44. Dr. Erastus Humphreys furnished him with his first outfit
of homceopathic medicines, and with Hull's Jahr and Organon.
The Central New York Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized
at Utica in June, 1849, '^"*^^ was a means of union of the homoeopathic physi-
cians in the vicinity, and also the cause of rapid growth of the system. This
was called the " Syracuse and Utica Convention of Homoeopathic Physicians."
The first informal meeting was held in Utica, September 13, 1849. The fol-
lowing persons signed their names to the constitution at a meeting held at
Utica, January 16, 1850: Drs. A. L. Kellogg. Bridgewater; S. W. Stewart,.
Utica ; Silas Bailey, Brookfield ; Leverett Bishop. Sauquoit : N. Stebbins, Clin-
ton ; Erastus A. Munger, Waterville ; Lucian B. Wells, Pompey : Daniel S.
Kimball, Sackett's Harbor; Daniel Barker, ]\fa<lison; Frederick Humphreys,,
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 101
Utica; Jonas C. Raymond, W'aterville ; Jesse M. Peak, Cooperstown ; Jere-
miah Green, Hamilton ; H. R. Foote, Utica.
It is probable that Dr. Louis A. Morgan was the pioneer homoeopath
in Cattaraugus county, as he was in Chautauqua county. He was born March
20, 1801, at West Sprmgfield, Mass. He attended the Berkshire Medical
College and studied with a number of distinguished physicians. When he
married Cornelia Spellman in 1826, they took a wedding trip of fifteen hun-
dred miles through New York and Pennsylvania, during which Dr. Morgan,
the groom, gave lectures on the sciences. He had graduated from Williams
College in 1828, and for a time was a teacher. In 1845 ^^^^ attention was
directed to homoeopathy and he became convinced of its truth. Previous to
that he had been ordained in the ministry and had labored in Western New
York as missionary and physician to the poor. He was called to the church
in Conewango, Chautauqua county, and practiced medicine there for six years,
the only homoeopathist in the region. About 185 1 he removed to Gowanda,
where he had to combat the opposition of three allopaths and three eclectics.
He remained there six years, but a disastrous fire impoverished him. He
then went to Buffalo, where his wife died. After a year spent in Illinois, he
returned east and opened an office in Hornellsville, "Steuben county, and re-
mained there five years, after which he resided in Conewango. In Allegheny
county the homoeopathic pioneers were Drs. John H. Thorp, Washington Irv-
ing Wellman, Samuel Smith Allen, Llewellyn D. Farnham, Dr. Hayes, Syl-
vester Pelton and W. S. Todd, Sr.
In Niagara county the pioneer was Dr. Franklin L. Knapp, who was
born in Pembroke, Genesee county, September 22, 1817; educated at Geneva
Medical College and graduated in 1845. At a public debate between Dr.
Williams, a homoeopathic physician of Geneva, and Professor Thomas Spen-
cer of the college. Dr. Knapp was so impressed with the arguments in favor
of homoeopathy that he decided to investigate its claims. He sought out Dr.
Williams at his office and soon became convinced that there was indeed a
specific law governing the remedial action of medicinal drugs. He at once
commenced the study of homoeopathy in the office of Dr. Matthews, of Roch-
ester. He afterward was associated with Dr. C. M. Dake at Geneseo. Called
by his father's health to Gasport, he established himself there as a homoeo-
pathic physician in 1846. Dr. David Fowler Bishop commenced the practice
of homoeopathy in Lockport iii 1850.
The pioneers in Broome county were Drs. Titus Lonson Brown, Dr.
Brownson, Dr. Covert, E. Ely, T. Mather, Ira W. Peabody, Stephen D. Hand,
A. A. Witherill. Dr. C. F. Harris introduced homoeopathy into Binghamton
in the spring of 1847. I" 1853 there were four homoeopathists practicing in
that city.
The introduction of homoeopathy into Schuyler county w'as due to Dr.
Richard Huson, then living in the village of Dundee in the adjoining county
of Yates. His professional duties frequently brought him into the northern
and middle towns of the countv, and where in connection with his practice he
gave frequent lectures on homceopathv at school houses. Thus the knowledge
spread rapidly through the neighboring towns. Dr. Edwdn W. Lewis com-
menced to practice at Watkins in 1846, at which time there were but two fam-
ilies there who acknowledged their belief in homoeopathy.
In Delaware county the first practitioner of homoeopathy was Dr. Liverus
B. Hawley, who was born in Delaware county, August 22, 1828. He served
102 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
in the Mexican war and was discharged and pensioned on account of a wound,
received in battle. In 1849 ^^^ commenced the study of medicine and grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853. He
at once located at Delhi, Delaware county, but in 1855 removed to Phoenix-
ville, Pa., where he resided until his death, March 20, i8$o.
Dr. Jesse Temple Hotchkiss introduced homoeopathy into Orange county,,
beginning its practice in 1851 at Blooming Grove. He was a graduate of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1842. He practiced in Monroe, Blooming
Grove and Cornwall. He died at Cornwall, June 11, 1886.
In 1850 Dr, Reuben Curtis Mofi'at introduced homoeopathy into Suffolk
county, being called to see a case of consumption. In 185 1 Dir. Burke of
Brooklyn passed a few weeks at Greenport and advised a Mrs. Davis to study
homoeopathy in order to doctor her own family. In 1857 ^^- Samuel Ban-
croft Barlow visited Mrs. Davis and found her so successful in practice among
her neighbors that he advised her to charge a fee for her services.
Dr. Jabez W. Dake located in Albion, Orleans county, in 1863. Several
homceopathic physicians had previously tried to practice there, but were com-
pelled to abandon the field, but Dr. Dake bought a house, moved into it, sent
word to his allopathic friends that he had paid for his house and had enough
to keep him for a year and that he had come to stay. He remained five years
and then gave up the place because of his health. At that time Medina alone
in the whole county could boast of a homoeopathic physician.
In Madison county Dr. Robert S. Bishop was the pioneer homoeopath,
locating in 1863 at Chittcnango. Previously he had been a partner with Dr.
David Fowler Bishop at Lockport. In 1865 he removed to Medina, Orleans
county. Dr. Bishop was born in Paris, N. Y., November 22, 1831.
The records of homoeopathy in Washington county are meagre. It was
first introduced by a clergyman. Dr. J. Savage, an allopathic physician,
adopted it, and soon afterwards was followed by Dr. A. M. Savage. In 1852
there were about ten homoeopathic practitioners in the county.
Great credit is due to one of the pioneers of homoeopathy in Albany county
for his painstaking labor of historical compilation in the first ten volumes of
the transactions of the State Homoeopathic Medical Society. These volumes
contain a very complete history of the advance of homoeopathy in New York
state, and that this is so is due to Dr. Horace Marshfield Paine.
Dispensaries in Nezv York State:. Albany, 1868; Brooklyn, E. D. Asso-
ciation, 1872; Brooklyn, 1853; Buffalo Free, 1867; Buffalo Eye and Ear In-
firmary, 1878; Central of Brooklyn, 1882; Gates Ave., Brooklyn, 1867; Pough-
keepsie Medical and Surgical, 1865; Prospect Heights, Brooklyn, 1889; Roch-
ester Free, 1874; Syracuse Free, 1890; Women's Hospital, Brooklyn, 188 1 ;
Avenue A, New York, 1883; Bayard Homoeopathic, 1886; Bond St., 1855;
Central Flomoeopathic. New York, 1854; Five Points House of Industry, 1861 ;
Hamilton, 1891 ; Harlem Homoeopathic. 1872; Heilenstadt, 1859; Holy Trin-
ity, 1889; New York Homoeopathic, 1890; Metropolitan, 1868; Morrisiana,
1869; New York Homoeopathic, 1845 (the first established in the United
States); New York Homoeopathic, i860; College for Women, 1863; New
York Homoeopathic College. 1859; Northeastern, 1869; Northern, 1857;
Tompkins Square, 1874; Western, 1868; West Side, 1889; Yorkville, 1871.
Plmrmacies: The first to deal in homoeopathic books and medicines was
J. < '. Wesselhocft, a printer and pul)lisher of Philadelphia. He was located
in 1835 at 142 Fulton street, New York city. William Raddc was his clerk
]\\>\'( )K\ ()]■ II()M^^^)l^\Tll^■
103
and had chai\£;x- ct the Xow York store. Mr. Radde afterward hought the
business in both cities. In 1840 Radde had a store at 322 liroadway, and was
the agent for tlie Central Homoeopathic Pharmacy of Leipsic. In 1869 he
sold out to the nrm of Dr. F. E. Bocricke and Mr. A. J. Tafel (Boericke &
Tafel). This firm is still doing business and has several stores in New York
city. In 1843 Jf^lii-' I • ■^- Smith, who was a patient of Dr. A. Gerald Hull,,
began to prepare tinctures and triturations for him and Dr. j. F. Gray. As-
soon as other ph\sicians learned this they called on him for supplies, and
soon his time was entirely occupied in the manufacture of homcKopathic med-
icines. In May. 1846, this pharmacy was located at 488 Broadway. In 1868
Dr. H. M. Smith and his brother were admitted to the firm and in 1869 the
style became H. M. Smith & Bro. This pharmacy is still continued by the
Horace M. Fainc. M. D.
sons of Dr. Henry M. Smith, In December, 1849. one J. Edward Stohlmann
opened a liomoeopathic pharmacy at 24 North William street. In July, 1852,.
J. T. P. Smith established a pharmacy at 50 Court street, Brooklyn, which he
sold to Pierce Brothers ;n 1865, and thev in 1874 to S. G. Clarke.
In 1852 Charles T. Hurlburt opened a pharmacy at 437 Broome street,.
New York. In 1874 he remo\'ed to 898 Broadway, and in 1879 to 3 East
Nineteenth street, and in 1881 located at 61 West 125th street. He has a
branch at Harlem. Dr. C. B. Currier for a time in 1876 conducted a pharmacy
at 1005 Sixth avenue. ]Mr. J. B. Bell had one in Vesey street in 1884. In
1879 E. D. Clark Armstrong located at 276 Sixth avenue. J. O. Noxon opened
a pharmacy March i. 1869, at 323 Washington street, Brooklyn. Lewis* H.
Smith located at 59 Court street, in 1859. In 1875 ^^^ Sommers was estab-
104 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
lished at 120 Fourth street, Brooklyn. F. P. Carter also conducted a phar-
macy for a time in Brooklyn.
Dr. Samuel Swan prepared his " nosodes " for sale, but kept no pharm-
acy. They are now sold by Boericke & Tafel.
The first homoeopathic pharmacy in Buffalo was opened by Dr. Die Lewis
in 1850. He also edited "The Homoeopathist." He prepared his own atten-
uations, offering them for sale at ten cents per vial of 250 drops.
In 1864 Adolph J. Tafel opened a pharmacy at 6 Eagle street, Buffalo.
In 1867 he sold to C. S. Halsey. H. T. Appleby, Mr. Halsey's manager,
bouo-ht him out in 1870. It was afterward conducted by Dr. McCrea and
C F. Buck. In 1891 Halsey Brothers opened a pharmacy at 535 Washington
street, Buffalo. About 185 1 Dr. David A. Baldwin established the Rochester
Homeopathic Pharmacy at 17 Arcade street.
In 1856 James Bryan, operative chemist and druggist at 68 State street,
Rochester, conducted as an adjunct to his store a homoeopathic pharmacy
directed by Mr. L. D. Fleming. E. W. Farrington for a time had a pharmacy
at 68 State street, Rochester. In 1877 Tuckes & Fitch established a pharmacy
at 26 Warren street, Syracuse. Dr. H. R. Smith had a small pharmacy at his
residence in Brockport, and in 1865 E. B. Sprague had a pharmacy in Owego.
List of physicians who practiced homoeopathy in New York city previous
to and including the year i860. The character * opposite a name indicates
that the practitioner originally was of another school of medicine, and subse-
quently a convert to homoeopathy ; the year preceding the name indicates the
time of beginning practice, except that the character x following a name indi-
cates that practice was begun before that date :
184^ Allen, James Hart * 1852 Croffut, J.
1852 Anderson, Moses 1833, Curtis, Joseph Thomas
1852 Appleton, H. D. 1857 Doyle, J. R. x
1856 Alley, James T. * 1852 Doyle, G. H. x
1839 Ball, Alonzo Spafford * 1840 Dunnell, Henry Gale *
185^ Baldwin, Jared G. 1834 Dutcher, Benjamm C.
1857 Banks, H. M. x 1857 Eckhart, C. x
1857 Banks, W. x 1852 Evans, J. T. x
1857 Barker, Helen Cooke x 1857 Fowler, Almira L. x
1837 Barlow, Samuel Bancroft * 1855 Fowler, Edward Payson
1852 Bartlett, E. H. 1840 Freeman, Alfred *
1849 Bartlett, Rodman 1854 Freeman, Warren
1846 Baruch, Meyer 1848 Freligh, Martm
1844 Bayard, Edward * 1854 Fullgraff, Otto
1852 Beakley, George 1826 Folger, Robert B. *
1844 Beakley, Jacob * 1857 Geraud, F. x
1839 Belcher, George Elisha .1857 Gourlay, G. x
1849 Berghaus, Julius Martin * 1827 Gray, John Franklm *
1846 Bell, Henry W. 1825 Gram, Hans Burch *
1853 Bissell, A. F. x 1833 Granger, John
1852 Blakeney, J. T. 1848 Guernsey, Egbert *
1840 Bolles, Richard Montgomery * 1846 Guy, Samuel S.
1839 Bowers, Benjamin Franklin * 1841 Hallock, Lewis
1841 Bowers, Josiah * 1840 Harris, Zina H.
1857 Boskowitz, H. x 1852 Houghton, A. x '
1857 Brainard, E. W. x 1833 Hull, Amos Gerald
1857 Brenna, D. x 1848 Jacobson, R. S.
1852 Brown. Edward V. 1842 Joslin, Benjamin Franklin *
1833 Channing, William * 1852 Joslin, Benjamin Franklin, Jr.
1852 Cook, Eliza D. x 1852 Kellogg, Edwin Merritt
1857 Crane, J. W. x 1857 Keuffner, F. A. x
HISTORY OF HOMa-:OPATHY
105
1852 Kiersted, C. x 1850
1854 King, O. R. 1856
1847 Kinsley, Hudson * 1857
1857 Kip, R. B. • 1852
1830 Kirby, Stephen Reynolds 1857
1857 Kirby, T. x 1839
1857 Leach, George H. x 1840
1844 Leon, Alexis 1829
1840 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * 1852
1852 Mahon, J. F. x 1856
1836 Mairs, James * 1845
1848 Marcy, Erastus Edgerton * 1844
1857 Morton x 1844
1852 Mayer, Martin x 1857
1857 McDonald, William Ogden x 1838
1852 McGonegal, H. G. x 1832
1844 McMurray, Robert * 1857
1841 McVickar, John Augustus * 1857
1857 Miller, C. x 1847
1849 Metcalf. James Whiting 1857
1857 Muhr, H. X 1857
1857 Newcomb, O. x 1852
1840 Palmer, Miles Wesley 1849
1840 Palmer, Walter C. * 1852
1847 Petherbridge, J. B. x 1826
i860 Pardee, Walter 1829
1840 Peters, John C. 1852
1858 Peterson, Wilson 1852
1857 Perkins, Roger Griswold ....
1867 Powell, Hans * 1854
1842 Quin, James M. * .1842
1832 Reisig, Gottlob Adolph *
Homceopathic physicians who have practiced in Brooklyn and WilHams-
burgh previous to and including the year i860:
Reisig, Richard
Richards, George Washington
Ring, T. L. x
Shepard, S. E. x
Saltonstall, G. D. x
Schue, John
Sherrill, Hunting *
Stearns, Daniel Edward *
Stewart, Walter x
Smith, Daniel Drowne x
Snow, Ralph Albert
Sullivan, John L.
Taylor, John *
Franchand, R. x
Vanderburgh; Federal *
Van Beuren, Louis Folk
Wade, Joseph L. x
Wallace, J. W. x
Warner, Lewis Tillman
Weisse, J. A. x
Wellman, Washington Irving x
Westcott, J. X
West, Edwin
Wheeler, E. G. x
Wilsey, Ferdinand Little
Wilson, Abraham Duryea *
Worrall, J. G. x
Wilder, Louis DeValois x
Ward, A. B.
Ward, John Augustine
Wright, Clark *
1858 Ascoli, Achille *
1840 Baker, David *
1853 Barker, John *
1855 Bateman, H.
1859 Bates, Charles E. *
1852 Beebe, George R.
1847 Bennett, J. B.
1857 Bond, Frank
1849 Bryant, Joel
1847 Burke, A. C. *
1841 Cox, George *
1848 Culbert, W. A. M. *
1859 Cate, Hamilton J.
1859 Dickinson, John
1853 Dinsmore. J. P.
1853 Doty, S. B.
1853 Duffin, J. P. *
1849 Dunham, Carroll
1854 Elliott, J. B. *
1854 Fincke, Bernhard
1859 Flanders. A. H.
1858 Hahne, Victor de
1848 Hanford, S. Culien *
1849 Hanford, William H.
185Q Hawks, Jonathan *
1843 Hull, Aaron Cooke *
1858 Hunt, F. G.
845
8^6
852
854
860
860
853
855
852
853
848
856
852
852
854
854
857
855
855
857
855
858
T840
1852
Hempel, Charles J.
Gilbert, H. S.
Gilbert, H. O.
Guernsey, Egbert *
Guy, Samuel S. *
Johnson, F. G. *
Kmg, O. R.
Keep, Lester *
Keep, J. Lester
Lodge, Edwin A.
Macy, Benjamin C.
May, H. *
Minton, Henry
Moflfat, R. C.
Morrill, H. E. *
Newcomb, George V.
Orton, J. R.
Palmer, A. J.
Palmer, G. W. *
Palmer, W. W.
Perrine, W. L. R. *
Richter, I\L A.
Rockwell, John
Richardson, Edward T. *
Rossman, J. Gaul
Rossman, Rribert *
Rossiter, C. D.
1(1(5
HISTORY OF HOM(i:OPATHY
1856 Saltzwedel, H.
i860 Samson, C. M.
1832 Skiff, Charles H. *
i860 Skiff. Charles W.
i860 Smith. J. W., Jr.
1853 Stamm, Frederick F.
1850 Stansbury, —
1856 Stiles, Henry R.
1859 Talmage, J. F.
l8^6 Thomas, Edward
List of ph}sicians who were practicing
ions to and inclncling i860:
1853 Turner, John
185 1 Ward, Isaac Aloreau *
1850 Ward, James H.
1856 Watson, James L.
1842 Wells, Phineas P. *
1859 Wood, L.
1850 Wright, Albert *
1852 Wright, William *
1849 Young, John
1853 Zimmerman, —
homoeopathy in New York state
])rev
1846 Adams, Henry * Coxsackie
i860 Adams, Ira R. Lowville
1859 Adams, Henry F. Canastota
1849 Allen, Charles S. Albany
1840 Allen, George Auburn
1858 Allen, Samuel S. * Angelica
1852 Allen, Joseph H. x Oswego
1841 Alley, William W. * Moravia
1853 Austin, Alexander G. Williamson
1858 Arjnstrong, T. S. * Speedsville
1848 Ayres, Dr. Havana
1854 Ayres, Dr. Brownsville
1857 Bacon, W. H. x Corning
1845 Bailey, Silas * Watertown
1857 Bailey. E. S. x Brooktield
1850 Baldwin, David A. Rochester
1852 Baker, J. F. x Albion
1857 Baker, C. x Clarksville
1852 Ball, A. R. X Clarkson
1852 Ball, Jay x Virgil
1857 Ball, W. L. X Homer
1852 Barr, D. T. Ludlowville
1852 Barker, Daniel x Madison
1857 Barnes, Dr. x Spencertown
1852 Batty, B. A. x Lockport
1857 Beers. A. H. x Buffalo
1853 Blanchard, H. C. Buffalo
1854 Blanchard, J. A. Rochester
1857 Beaklcy, Henry Peekskill
1846 Bell, 11. W. Peekskill
1849 Bartlett, Rodman Rhincbeck
1857 Bartlett. A. C. x Cato
1858 Bass, Edgar C. Cazenovia
1857 Bartlett, L. x Skaneateles
i860 Belding, Dexter R. Malone
1847 Benedict, H. S. * Havana
1842 Bennet, Dr. * Batavia
1858 Bennett, A. M. Rochester
1840 Bennett, Hilem * Rochester
1845 Baxter, William * Fishkill
1840 Berry, James * Gloversville
1853 Bigelow, Franklin Syracuse
1851 Bigelow, Alfred (}. Alavsville
1849 Bigelow, J. G. Syracuse
1853 Bigelow, Thomas * Hartford
1837 Bieglcr, A. P. Albany
1857 Biegler, Jos. A. Rochester
1857 Billings. Geo. H. Cohoes
1S33 Birnstill, Joseph Dunkirk.
850 Bishop, David F. Lockport
844 Bishop, Leverett * Sauquuit
848 Blodgett, T. S. Cooperstown
853 Bloss, Jabez P. * Troy
847 Boyce, Capt. Wm. * Auburn
852 Bradner, Ira S. * Scotchtown
853 Brewster, A. J. Cato
830 Brooks, Paschal P. * Alban\
848 Brown, D. T. Fredonia
853 Brown, Titus L. Binghamton
842 Brown, Wm. R. * Homer
852 Brownson, Dr. x Windsor
842 Bruchhausen, Caspar Norwich
841 Bryan, Richard S. * Troy
852 Bryant, Chas. G. Albany
848 Bucknell, Hanley N. * (Tape Vincent
857 Bucknell, Jr. * x Cape Vincent
848 Bull, Alexander T. Buffalo
857 Bull, M. L. X Granville
854 Burdick, Edwin Whitesville
857 Burling. Dr. Waverly
858 Butler, Charles F.
857 Burritt, — x Canandaigua
857 Buckley, M. x Easton
857 Burroughs, G. W. x Poughkccpsie
857 Burke, W. x Rochester
857 Bowers. J.. Jr. x Smithtown
852 Blakeslv, J. M. x Livonia
860 Bullard, D. H. * Glens Falls
852 Brush. Henry N. x Moira
853 Campbell, M. W. Stillwater
856 Carpenter, Chas. li. * Troy
844 Cass, O. D. * Clinton
846 Case, Ephriam * Clinton
857 Gate, H. J. x Poughkccpsie
842 Cator, Harvey H. * Kingston
857 Cator, John J. x Roxbury
852 Champlin, H. C. x Owego
841 Chase, Durfec * Palmyra
859 Chase, Edwin R. * Kecscville
857 Clark, I. X Eaton
S45 Clary, Lyman *
841 Coburn, Edward * Chatham Corners
846 Childs, Amherst x Waterloo
852 Childs, G. C. X Clyde
^^7 Chappell, A. W. x Pouipev
857 Churchill. Dr. x Peekskill
857 Clemenls, D. F. x V'ictoryville
857 Clements. Z. x X'iclory Mills
HISTORY OT' FTOMCKOl'ATHY
107
1852 Clements, J. x Vicloryville
1857 Comstock, A. L. * Buffalo
1852 Coman, J. W. x Buffalo
1852 Cone, Dr. x Coventry
1857 Coon, Dr. x Wecdsport
1857 Cander, W. H. x Speedsville
1850 Camp. Mr. H. W. (non-grad.) Owego
1852 Corbin, E. L. x Waverly
1850 Coweli, C. (layman) Spencer
1842 Coburn, E. L. * Ghent
184T Coburn, Stephen * Ghent
1846 Cole, Edgar B. Easton
1856 Cole, Sam'l P. * Henderson
1857 Collins, — X Spafford
1840 Cook, A. P. * Kinderhook
183S Cook, Geo. W. * Hudson
1850 Cook, E. G. Fredonia
1849 Cook, Simeon A. * Troy
i860 Cooke, S. G. Stanfordville
1852 Cornell, B. F. x Moreau Station
1855 Couch, Asa S. Fredonia
1857 Covert, I. X Deposit
1859 Cox, George A. Albany
1852 Cox, James W. Albany
1857 Crane, Dr. x Holland Patent
1857 Crittenden, J. x Morristown
1841 Crispell, Garret * Kingston
1845' Crossfield, C. C. Attica
1852 Culbert, Wm. A. x Newburgh
1857 Dake, D. L. x Newark
1845 Dake, David M. * Nunda
1852 Dake, Chas. A. * Warsaw
1841 Dake, C. M. * Genesee
1850 DeForest, S. H. Havana
1848 Dunham, Rufus C. * Canton Canal
1845 Dunning, Dr. * Watertown
1846 Doty, Hilem * Baldwinsville
1850 Doane, Wm. C. Elmira
1848 Donovan, T. W. New Brighton
1850 Dykeman, H. H. x Cohoes
184s Dodge. Lewis Buffalo
1857 DeWolf, — X Bath
1852 De LaMontagnie, J. x Fishkill Ldg.
1854 Dewey, Geo. A. x Plattsburgh
1852 Duane, James x Duane
1857 Ely, F. X Binghamton
1858 Evarts, Edgar S. Cato
1850 Everett, D. L. * I\Iodena
1851 Ely, W. A. * Hempstead
1857 Fay, — X Fort Ann
1852 Farnam, L. D. * Almond
1840 Field, F. S. * Troy
1852 Foote, S. H. X Walton New Road
1848 Foote, E. T. * Jamestown
1857 Foote, H. R. X Utica
1850 Foote. G. F. *
18.38 Formes. — * Poughkeepsie
1843 Freligh, ^Inrtin * Saugerties
1852 Freeman, G. W. Glencove
1852 Freeman. Geo. L. Glenhead
1857 Fuller, H. R. Lansingburgh
1851 Fulton, Samuel J. Ndrwich
1857 Fortune, J. x Canandaigua
1S52 Fox, C. W. X Morris
1852 Gage, J. L. x Leroy
T852 Garner, James x Constable
1857 Garret, R. x Morris
1H52 Gross, J. E. X Clinton
1852 Easton, D. J. x Saratoga Springs
1844 Eddy, H. L. Canoga Village
1857 Elwood, L. X Schenectady
1852 Ehrmann, Lewis x Buffalo
1848 Flagg. Levi W. * Yonkers
852 Fleming, L. D. x Rochester
857 Flowers, B. F. x Utica
857 Fisher, D. L. x Webster
859 Gardner, M. M. * Holland Patent
855 Gaylord, Edward P. * Syracuse
854 Getman, Norman H. Richfield Spgs.
856 Getman, Norman * Pierpont Manor
859 Gillett, ^L H. * Springfield
852 Govan, William x North Haverstraw
836 Graham, J. H. A. * Berne
852 Gray. Patrick W. x Buffalo
844 Grav, Alfred W. Portland
853 Gregg, R. R. Buffalo
857 Gerow, Stephen W. New Paltz
845 Gulick, William * Watkins
860 Guiwitz, Abram * Salisbury Centre
844 Guernsey, C. P. * Clinton
852 Gorton, Wm. R. x Skaneateles
852 Gove, Geo. V. R. x Fort Covington
852 Goodspeed, J. L. x Burke
857 Graves, E. x Nelson
844 Green, Jeremiah x Utica
852 Green, H. x Peoria
850 Hadley, Hiram * Boonville
838 Hall, A. * Poughkeepsie
846 Hall, L. B. Baldwinsville
856 Hall, Geo. A. Westfield
842 Haight, Charles * Poughkeepsie
852 Hand, S. D. x Binghamton
848 Hannum, Dr. * Hainesville
858 Harter, Dr. * Salisbury
847 Harris, C. F. * Binghamton
846 Havens, S. F. x Cortlandville
846 Haven, Simeon Z. * Utica
853 Hawley, L. B. Delhi
853 Hawley, William A. *
851 Hawley, William H. Syracuse
857 Hennery, — x Hallsville
857 Holbrook, P. R. x Keeseville
857 Herrick, S. x Hoosick
844 Heath, H. H. x Seneca Falls
852 Hosford, O. T. x Malone
852 Hopkins, Dr. x Quincy
852 Hayes, F. B. x Cuba
852 Hewitt, Dr. x Farmersville
852 Heming, L. D. x Canandaigua
851 Hedenberg, James Troy
846 Hedges, Wm. S. * Jamestown
859 Hill, Charles J. Utica
S^o Hindley, Alonzo S. Buffalo
^h Hoffendahl. C. F. Albany
108
HISTORY OF HOMGEOPATHY
1852 Hoffman, Ernst F. * Poughkeepsie
1857 Holden, A. W. * Glens Falls
1854 Hornby, John * Poughkeepsie
1858 Horton, Heman B. * Eden
1851 Hotchkiss, J. T. * Bloomingrove
1852 Houghton, H. A. Keeseville
1852 Houghton, A. x St. Andrew
1853 Howe, E. C. * Troy
1844. Howe, Israel Rushville
1846 Hoyt, Wm. H. Salina
1840 Hubbard, Henry C. Scott
1852 Hull, Amos G. X Newburgh
1842 Humphreys, E. * Auburn
1850 Humphreys, F. Auburn
1852 Hunt, W. W. Candor
1849 Hurd, Edwin H. * Rochester
1846 Hurd, George * Fayetteville
1852 Huntington, D. N. x Malone
1842 Huson, Richard * Dundee
1857 Huson, S. K. X Dundee
1853 Ingham, Geo. W. Elmira
1842 Jayne, DeWitt C. * Florida
1858 Jernigan, C. P. * Saugerties
1852 Jolls, Augustus Albany
1844 Jones, Erasmus D. * Keeseville
1856 Jones, Henry C. Mount Vernon
1852 Jones, Reuben x Keeseville
1846 Jones, C. D. * Albany
■857 Johnson, H. x Mayfield
1858 Kellogg, George Troy
1847 Kellogg, John L. * Bridgewater
1857 Kellogg, A. D. X Wolcott
1846 Kenyon, L. M. * Westfield
1857 Keyes, Alvah E. Jamestown
1857 Keys, D. C. x Corning
1848 Kiersted, J. A. Saugerties
.... Kirk, Isaac E. Hudson
1853 Kinne, Theodore Y.
1844 Knapp, Franklin L. * Gaspnrt
1854 Knapp, Theodore P. * Union
1852 Knapp, J. P. X St. Andrews
1857 Kornbach, — * Poughkeepsie
1842 Kimball. D. S. * Sackett's Harbor
1852 Kendrick, — x Granville
1857 Kingsley. W. J. C. x Rome
1843 Leman, E. H. *
1859 Landon, Eliza T. Fredonia
1852 Lansing, G. C. * Rhinebcck
1863 Lansing, B. * Hyde Park
1858 Landt, William Mohawk
1855 Laurie, P. B. * Rhincbeck
1847 Lilienthal, Samuel * Haverstraw
1840 Lillie, James * Rhinebeck
1858 Little. Edward * Oneida
1857 Loomis, D. D. x Bridgewater
1844 Loomis, Isaac G. * Westmoreland
1847 Lorillard, George
1840 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * Owego
1857 . Loucks, J. X Lyme
1857 Marien. L. J. x Northampton
1852 Manning, Warren L. x Ft. Covington
1852 Lathrop, E. x Syracuse
1857
T852
T852
1852
1857
l8S2
1852
1846
1850
1857
1858
1852
1842
1857
1855
1842
1852
1850
1857
1852
1845
i860
1847
1852
1852
1852
1857
1843
1857
1852
1857
1852
1852
1857
1857
1852
1840
T845
1857
1857
i8=;2
1857
1852
1846
1852
1852
i8s2
1838
1849
1843
1852
1847
1853
1856
1852
T842
t8s8
1852
Lakin, E. L. x Jamestown
Lawrence, Dr. x Port Jervis
Lackey, S. M. x Rochester
Leggatt, C. J. X Flushing
Levanway, W. A. x Lyons
Lewis, Geo. W. x Buffalo
Lewis, George x Rochester
Lewis, Edwin W. Watkins
Lewis, Dioclesian x Buffalo
Loersch, P. x Buffalo
Macy, Benj. C. Dobbs Ferry
Mather, Thaddeus x Binghamton
Matthews, Moses M. * Rochester
Maura, J. P. x Adams
Merritt, J. F. * Pleasant Plains
McCarty, Lewis * Throopsville
McGonegal, H. G. Marcellus
Melvin, John Shortsville
Mitchell, G. H. Saratoga Springs
Mitchell, John J. Newburgh
Morgan, Alonzo R. Svracuse
Morgan, Louis S. Gowanda
Mosher, Charles * Shagticoke
Mosher, James P. * Shagticoke
Mosher, J. C. Pittstown
Mott, Orville H. Fort Edward
Moore, Samuel x Lyons
Mower, John W. West Schuyler
Mull, Philip W. Ghent
Mull, G. H. X Ghent
Munger, Erastus A. * Waterville
Minier. Wm. E. x Elmira
McCall, S. H. X Batavia
Manter, — x Coming
Marvin, Harvey x Evans
Mason, — x Galesville
Morse, A. W. x Hamilton
Morse, G. S. x Waterville
Morgan, Edward J. x Ithaca
McLaren, P. M. Morristown
Malin, George W. * Naples
Meacham, Isaac J. * Nunda
McClellan, C. H. x Poughkeepsie
Miller, Frederick x Sing Sing
Nelson, Thomas J. x Kingston
Noble, O. E. x Penn Van
Norton, S. S. x Vernon
Ormes, Cornelius * Panama
Ostrom, J. X Goshen
Osborn. O. x Schoharie
Owen, J. N. x Sherburne
Paine. Henry D. Albany
Paine, Horace M. ' Albany
Paine. John Alsop * Albany
Parker, C. M. x De Ruyter
Parker. Charles * Fredonia
Parson, Ovin C. Newark
Palmer, Geo. B. East Hamilton
Peabody, Ira W. x Vestal
Peterson. P. H. Auburn
Pearsall, S. J. Saratoga Springs
Patrick, Abram x Cobbleskill
FirSTORY OF HOMCFOPATHY
109
1854 Pcttit, Thos. J. Fort Plain
1858 Peck, Oliver J. * North Chatham
1848 Peer, Geo. W. Rochester
1846 Peak, J. M. x * Cooperstown
1852 Perkins, S. G. x Waterford
1853 Pcrrine. Geo. W. * Pittsford
1852 Phillips. J. G. X Sherman
1841 Phillips, John * Kinderhook
1857 Phillips. S. X Catskill
1852 Phelps, Elias P. x Fort Plain
1852 Phillips, J. S. X Ansterlit/
1841 Phillips, John * Columbia
1857 Piatt, J. H. X Albany
1845 Poole, A. * Oswego
1845 Potter, E. A. * Oswego
1852 Potter, E. T. V. x Moravia
1857 Potter, F. W. x Oswego
1857 Potter, Asaph LeRov Dundee
1856 Pelton, S. * Wellsville
1859 Peterson, Orton W. Waterloo
1852 Peterson, P. H. x Union Springs
1853 Pom.eroy, T. F. Utica
1847 Pot wine, Benjamin * Corry
1854 Pratt, L. M. Albany
185T Purdy, W. S. * Corning
1857 Prime, A. x White Plains
1855 Quick, Theodore Milton
1857 Randall, W. W. X Mexico
1851 Randall. Wm. H. Alhan};
185 1 Ravmond. Jonas G. Utica
1857 Read, T..W. x * Elmira
1844 Rice, F. * Cazenovia
1857 Richardson, S. x Syracuse
1857 Roberts, M. P. x Gowanda
1852 Roberts, G. W. x Greene
1857 Reynolds, O. x Webster
1845 Richardson, E. T. * Syracuse
1848 Ring, Tobias S. Yorkville
184s Roberts, Elisha
1840 Robinson, Horatio * Auburn
1858 Robinson, S. A. W. New Brighton
1847 Roe. L. S. Schenectadv
1854 Rosa, W. V. * Waterloo
1838 Rosenstein. I. G. Albany
1839 Rossman, Robert * Hudson
1845 Rogers, E. W. Watkins
1857 Royston, T. P. x Seneca Falls
1857 Russell, A. W. X Albany
1857 Search, — x West Granville
1852 Searle, J. x Granville
1857 .Scofield, E. X Poughkeepsie
t86o Scott, Fremont W. Modena
1849 Scudder, Samuel O. Rome
1852 Seward. W. x Liverpool
1859 Searle. Wm. S. Troy
1857 Seeley. Nathaniel R.
1846 Seward. Stephen * Liverpool
1849 Seymour, S. * Rome
1852 Sibley. S. Louis x Tthaca
1839 Sieze. Emanuel Albany
1845 Sloan. Ja'i''cs D. * Sing Sing
1855 Slncimi. Mrrtimcr
832 Skiff, Charles H. * Albany
860 Slfjan, Henry S. Binghamton
858 Smith, R. G. Rochester
860 Smith, Henry W. Rushville
842 Smith, Ezra P. K. Moravia
857 Smith, G. X Phoenix .
857 Southwick, David E. Ogdensburg.
852 Smith, H. E. x Rochester
839 Spaulding, Dr. * Flushing
846 Springsteed. D. * Bethlehem
847 Sprague, Ezra B. * Owego
846 Spencer, Nathan * Herkimer
852 Spooner, Stillman x Wampsville
857 Stebbins, N. x Clinton
854 Stebbins, J. H. Geneva
857 Stebbins, Wm. B. * x Little Falls-
857 Stevens, C. D. x Cortlandville
841 Stevens, Chas. A. Buffalo
84s Stewart, Samuel W. * Clinton
848 Stockton, C. L. * Ripley
852 Stone, Joshua Randolph
854 Stow, Timothy D. Mexico
856 Strong. Walter D. O. K. * Owasco
850 Stone. Henry E. * Otego
857 Steenburg, — x Dunning Street
857 Stanton, J. B. x Ellicottville
857 Sayles, H. x Elmira
857 Schell. T. C. X Geneseo
847 Stoddard, J. L. * Glens Falls
846 Swift, Charles E. Ithaca
851 Schenck, Benj. B. * Plainville
852 Schuch, Chas. E. x Rochester
852 Sherman, Stephen x Lyons
858 Sullivan, N. B. * Plainville
857 Shuld, P. x Warren
852 Sullings, Hervey x Batavia
856 Sumner, Charles Rochester
.. . Shattuck, A. Buffalo
857 Sunderlin, — x Hammondsport
848 Switz. Harman Schenectady
852 Talmadge, Rufus x Enfield
852 Throop, B. F. x Palmyra
852 Thorp. John H. Whitesville
858 Tisdale. T. P. Lowville
859 Todd, W. S.. Sr. * Angelica
856 Towner, Enoch, Jr. Turin
844 Tracy, L. M. * Fairfield
846 Towner, Daniel A. * Elmira
857 Tuttle, Dr. x Oneida
846 Van Buren. Roswell * Frewsburg-
838 Vanderburgh, F. * Poughkeepsie
8i3 Van Rensselaer, D. S. Randolph
852 Valk, W. W. x Flushing
857 Von Wackerbarth. Dr. x Narrows-
burgh
857 Warren, S. C. x Otego
857 Washburn. G. x Utica
852 Van Vleck. — x Valatia
852 Wager, J. L. x Ithaca
857 Wager, W. L. x Deposit
832 Ward, Isaac M. * Albany
844 Warner. X. H. Buffalo
110
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1854 Watson, Wm. H. Utica 1857
1857 Ward, H. R. x Oriskany Falls 1857
1857 Weed, Hiland A. Jordan 185 1
1857 Wellman, W. I. x Friendship 1847
1846 Wells, Lucien B. * Pompey 1852
1852 Weeks, Benj. x Fulton 1846
1855 Wheeler, Jared P. Brighton 1850
1856 White, Joseph R. Butternuts 1852
1854 White, Joseph N. Amsterdam 1854
1859 White, Theodore C. Rochester 1843
1852 Whitney, J. I. x Bainbridge 1858
1857 Wilber, E. C. x Dundee 1844
1857 Wallrath, C. H. x Evans Mills 1847
1857 Wisner, G. S. x Florida 1852
1852 White, Daniel x Geneva 1S49
1852 Wilder, Louis DeV. x Geneva
West, Dr. x Warsaw
Woodbury, Dr. x Pompey
Wilbur, Charles A.
Williams, E. D.
Wright, J. C. X Newtown
Witherill, E. C. x Canandaigua
Witherill, A. A. Union
Woodward, J. W. x Dobbs Ferry
Woodruff, Charles S. Troy
Wolcott, Wm. G. * Westfield
Wright, Andrew R. BufYalo
Wright, Noah H. * Buffalo
Wright, Ira * Watertown
Wright, Wm. * Fort Edward
Wright, Albert Williamsburg
HISTORY ()V ]]Cn\n-X)\\\T\\Y 111
CHAPTER VI
HOMOEOPATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Introductory Remarks— Primacy of Pennsylvania in Homoeopathic Institutions — Homoe-
opathic Medical Society of Pennsylvania— Other State and. Local Societies— Allen-
town Academy— Recollections of Early Practitioners— Detwiller, the Prescriber—
Wesselhoeft and Freytag, the Founders— Becker and Helfrich, the Preacher Phy-
sicians—Ihm, the Pioneer in Philadelphia— Hering, the Prover, Philosopher, Scien-
tist and Founder— Brief Allusion to other Early Practitioners— Lists of Pioneer
Physicians — Plomoeopathic Dispensaries.
HomcEOpathy gained a foothold in Pennsylvania in much the same man-
ner as the system "was planted in New York, and within three years after
Gram left the New England coast and settled permanently in the great
metropolis of America. As was Gram to homoeopathy in New York, so was
Detwiller to the new system in Pennsylvania, yet in the latter commonwealth
greater prominence seems to have been given to the introduction of _ Hahne-
mann's doctrine than in the former ; and .in Pennsylvania all chroniclers of
contemporary history have' dated its advent to the day when Detwiller admin-
istered the first homoeopathic dose. And unlike Gram in New York, Detwil-
ler in Pennsylvania from the time he began to investigate homoeopathy was
•encouraged by the sympathy and assistance of zealous co-workers, Wessel-
hoeft and Freytag, and sooii afterward by ' acquisitions from abroad and the
converts they "made among the German settlers in the locality in which the
scene of their early experiences was laid.
Although the Hahnemannian doctrine was first planted in New York
and afterward in Pennsylvania, the latter in some respects holds primacy in
the establishment of institutions and the natural development oi the homoe-
opathic system. Indeed, there seems to have been less ooposition to contend
•against and overcome in the Keystone state than in New York, which may
in part be accounted for in the fact that in Pennsylvania homoeopathy first
found lodgment in a part of the state remote from its metropolis, and the
practitioners had gained a strong foothold with the people when Ihm set him-
self up as a practitioner of the new school in the city of Philadelphia. Again,
in less than eight years after Detwiller and Wesselhoeft had made their
first practical demonstrations of homoeopathy the number of converts had so
increased that a medical society was formed, and just a little later these same
determined pioneers had the courage to go beyond society organization and
found a school of homoeopathic medical instruction. The so-called Allentown
Academy was the result of their enterprise, and while that institution was
destined to a brief existence it always has figured in history as the first insti-
tution of its kind in the world ; and after it had passed out of being some of
its best elements were utilized in founding the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylyania, which was organized in Philadelphia in 1848. The two
112 HTSTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
schools were quite unlike in many respects, yet the experiences of the first
endeavor were of s^rcat value in laying; the foundation of the latter institu-
tion.
THE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSVLN'ANIA.
Tlie Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, while
not the first organization of its character in the state, is nevertheless of first
importance and is regarded as the conservator of the peace and dignity of
the homoeopathic profession and its other societies the extent of whose author-
ity and jurisdiction is less than that of the mother organization. The State
Society, as commonly known, was organized at a convention of physicians
held June 5, 1866, in the Homoeopathic Hospital of Pittsburgh in pursuance
of a call emanating from the Allegheny County Homoeopathic Medical Soci-
ety. This informal meeting was called to order by Dr. J. C. Burgher of
Pittsburgh^ who stated briefly the object of assembling the homoeopathic
physicians of the state. Dr. J. P. H. Frost was chosen chairman and Dr.
Bushrod W. James secretary pro tem. An informal organization was then
perfected and a committee of one from each county was appointed to prepare
a constitution and by-laws for the government of the society's affairs. These
preliminaries being settled the convention proceeded to perfect a permanent
organization by electing officers for the ensuing year, as follows : Dr. J. B.
Wood of West Chester, president; Drs. J. H. P. Frost of Philadelphia and
J. C. Burgher of Pittsburgh, vice-presidents ; Bushrod W. James of Phila-
delphia, recording secretary ; Robert J. McClatchey of Philadelphia, corre-
sponding secretary ; David Cowley of Pittsburgh, treasurer ; Coates Preston
of West Chester, Robert Faulkner of Erie, and H. H. Hoffman of Pittsburgh,
censors.
Thus permanently organized and officered the society began its active
career and history, and during tlie period of its existence in all later years it
has been instrumental in promotmg and safeguarding the interests of the
homoeopathic profession in the Keystone state, and through its members has
exercised an influence for good in directing the affairs of that greater body,
the American Institute of Homoeopathy. There were thirty original members
of the society, all of whom were subscribers to the constitution. In the course
of the next year the membership increased to seventy-one, and in the third
year to ninety-eight. In 1903 the society numbered three hundred and fifty-
eight members, which represented about one-half the strength of the profes-
sion in the state.
The policy of the society ever has been to hold its annual meetings in
different cities. Previous to 1873 these meetings were held in May or June,
and since then in September or October; now they are held in the former
month. Transactions have been published since the society was first organ-
ized. The first six volumes were issued in paper covers and later ones in
substantial cloth binding. In 1889 the society published a repertorv to Her-
ing's "Condensed Materia Medica." Several important annual addresses by
presidents of the society also have been published.
The Hahnemannian Society was the pioneer organization of homoeopathy
in Pennsylvania and indeed in the entire country, and dates its history to
April 10, 1833, when Drs. Ihm, Bute. Matlack, Hering and Wesselhoeft, wMth
a few la\nien, associated themselves for the purpose of disseminating among
the ])enple some knowledge of the history and doctrines of homreopathv, and'
History of iioMCEorATiiY 113
its advant'ii^cs over other inctliods of medical treatment. In pursuance of
this design Dr. Herin"- ])repared an interesting address, an English version
of which, furnished by Dr. Matlack, was read before the society April i8,
1833, and was afterward published under the title of "A Concise View of the
Rise and Progress of Homoeopathic Medicine." This address and notices of
it by the press were the means of promoting to a considerable extent the de-
sign contemplated by its publication. The society having issued this brochure,
and having addressed a letter to Hahnemann, informing him of its formation
on the anniversary of his birth, and bearing his name, was succeeded by
another society, from membership in which laymen were excluded, and which
was known as the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia, organized
in 1838, with a membership of physicians only. This was the first regularly-
constituted homoeopathic society in the city of "Brotherly Love."
Another notable organization of Hahnemann's disciples of which chron-
iclers of homoeopathic history in Pennsylvania have given little account was
that known as the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and Counties Adja-
cent, which was formed soon after the Hahnemannian Society, and of which
Detwiller many years ago gave this description : "In 1834, 23d of August,
the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and Adjoining Counties was
formed by Drs. W'esselhoeft, Freytag, Romig, myself and Rev. Christian J.
Becker, D. D. The object of the association was the advancement of homoe-
opathy amongst its members — by interchange of experience and reciprocal
encouragement to persevere in the study and spread of the doctrine and prac-
tice of similia similibus curantur." The meeting at which the society was
organized was attended by several notable characters in earlv homoeopathic
history in Pennsylvania. They were Wesselhoeft, Freytag, Romig, Detwil-
ler, Becker, the minister, Joseph H. Pulte, afterward founder of a homoe-
opathic medical college in Cincinnati, Ohio, J. C. Gosewich, assistant to Wes-
selhoeft, Rev. R. Wohlfrath, Gustav Reichhelm the pioneer homoeopath west
of the .Allegheny mountains. Rev. John Helfrich and Rev. Mr. Waage. The
first officers of the society were E. Freytag, president ; William Wesselhoeft,
vice-president; Rev. C. Becker, recording secretary; Henry Detwiller, corre-
sponding secretary and librarian.
For more than half a century Pennsylvania has been the home of manv
important medical societies and associations, some of them district organiza-
tions and others of a purely local character. The older of these are the Alle-
gheny County Medical Society, organized November 25, 1864, and still exist-
ing; Allegheny County Anatomical Society, organized October 19, 1864,
incorporated December 4, 1865 ; Allegheny County INIateria Medica Club,
May 3, 1875 ; American Provers' Union, organized at Philadelphia, August
15, 1853; Beaver County Homoeopathic Medical Society, January 8, 1883;
Berks and Schuylkill Counties Homoeopathic Medical Society, November 9,
1869; Boenninghausen Club of Philadelphia, November, 1867'; Chester Coun-
ty Homoeopathic Medical Society, September 5, 1858: Chester Organon Club,
1887; Crawford County Homoeopathic Medical Society, July 28, 1882; Cum-
berland Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, May 8,"^ 1866'; Dauphin Countv
Homoeopathic Medical Societv, 1866; Erie Countv Homoeopathic Medical
Society. July i, 1891 ; Farrington Materia Medica Club of Allegheny County,
1888; Germantown Homoeopathic Medical Societv, October, 1879; German-
town Homoeopathic Medical Club, about 1889: Hahnemannian Association of
Pennsylvania, organized in Philadelphia, October 11, 1887; Hahnemann
114 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Club of Philadelphia, January, 1874; Hahnemannian Society, organized at
Philadelphia, April 10, 1833. the first homoeopathic society in America; Hahne-
mann Medical Society of Reading, November 23, 1882; Hahnemann Medical
Institute, a students' society organized 1849-1850; Hering Club of Phila-
delpdiia, December 20, 1880; Homoeopathic Medical Council of Pennsylvania,
November 24, '1880; Lehigh Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, March 24,
1881 ; Lippe Society of Philadelphia, January 5, 1880; Luzerne County
Homoeopatliic Medical Society, 1868; Northeastern Philadelphia Society of
Homoeopathic Physicians, February 9, 1883 ; Northwestern Pennsylvania
Homceopathic Medical Society, July 5, 1866; Northwestern Pennsylvania
Homoeopathic Medical Society, January 13, 1874; Northern Pennsylvania
Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 20, 1882; Northampton and Adjacent
Counties Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized August 23, 1834; Organon
and Materia Medica Society, November 6, 1888 : Pennsylvania Homoeopathic
Pharmaceutical Association, April 9, 1881, incorporated October 3, 1881 ;
Philadelphia Branch of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, organized at
Philadelphia June 6, 1846; Philadelphia Homoeopathic Clinical Society, 1877;
Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1838; Philadelphia Homoeopathic
Medical Society, July 19, 1852; Philadelphia Countv Homoeopathic Medical
Society, April 13, 1859; Philadelphia Medical Club, 1882; Women's Homoe-
opathic Association of Pennsylvania, 1883-1884; Women's Homoeopathic Med-
icaJ Club of Philadelphia, October 15, 1883; Ladies' Association of the Homoe-
opathic Hospital of Philadelphia for Sick and Wounded Soldiers, Septem-
ber 8, 1862; Pittsburgh Microscopical Society, 1881 ; Doctors' Round Table
Club of Allegheny County, 1891 ; Schuylkill County Homoeopathic Medical
vSociety, July 28, 1883 ; Scranton Homoeopathic Clinical Club, March, 1892 ;
Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Twenty-Third Ward, Philadelphia, Octo-
ber 21, t88i ; Homoeopathic Medical Society of Western Pennsylvania, Au-
gust 3, 1881 ; West Philadelphia Homoeopathic Medical Association, 1882.
ALLENTOWN ACADEMY.
In reality there never was an institution in existence under the proper
name of Allentown Academy, yet for convenient designation that name was
assumed in preference to that adopted by the founders — The North American
Academy of the Homeopathic Healing Art ; but under whatever name the
institution was brought into existence it was the first school of homoeopathic
medical instruction in the world, and as such is worthy a place in Pennsyl-
vania homoeopathic history, although it is also made the subject of somewhat
extended mention in the chapter devoted particularly to the old Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania and its successor, the Hahnemann Medical
College of Philadelphia. It may be said, however, that the events narrated
in this chapter relate to elements of history which are not specially treated
in the college article, hence the double mention must not be regarded as a
duplication of subject matter.
The so-called Allentown Academy had its inception in the Homoeopathic
Society of Northampton and Counties Adjacent, to which reference has been
made, and also, although in a less degree, to that pioneer organization of
homoeopathy in this state known as the Hahnemannian Association. The estab-
lishment of this society, the circulation of Flering's, pamphlet, and the other
efforts of the friends of homoeopathy at an carlv dav excited considerable
interest not only among the clergy and other laymen but among physicians,
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
11.-)
and many of the latter were disposed to investigate the new doctrine ; but it
was soon found that there was need of some method by which the principles
of homoeopathy could be taught. Hering's plan was to devise a course of
lectures on the subject, and to encourage students of medicine to learn the
German language in order to understand and appreciate the value of the
Allentown Academy.
founder's teachings. At the same time the members of the Northampton soci-
ety felt the need of a school for the teaching of homoeopathy, and in writing
on the subject Det wilier said that as early as December 30, 1833, Wesselhoeft,
Romig and himself waited on Hering in Philadelphia and adopted a plan
which ultimately resulted in the establishment of the academy. The plans
were matured on Hering's birthday, January i, 1834, and provided for an
lie. H1ST(3RY OF HOMCEOPATHY
academy to be located in AUeutown, with Hering as president and principal-
instructor, for which purpose he was to remove to that place from Philadel-
phia "as soon as they would guarantee him a salary equal to that of a first
class Allentown clergyman."'
The plans of the founders contemplated the procuring of a charter from
the legislature through the influence of the homceopaths in Northampton and
Lehigh counties, which being accomplished, Wesselhoeft proposed to invite
there medical students who attended the allopathic colleges for instruction
during the summer months, there being no summer courses at that time, and
that they should have the benefit of lectures devoted to the science and appli-
cation of pure homoeopathy. Such a thing as opposition from any source
was not thought of, as there was to be no interference with the regular courses
in other schools, but such violent opposition and bitterness of feeling as was
soon aroused was as surprising as it was unwarranted.
The commendable purpose of the founders was to devote considerable
time during the winter months to the preparation of text works with which
to promulgate the doctrines of homoeopathy ; also to pledge all students to
continue their courses in other schools, except those who came for the express
purpose of perfecting themselves in- homoeopathy alone. All books previously
published on the subject of homoeopathy were to be translated into English.
Another original purpose of the founders was to organize a stock com-
pany for the purchase of land and the erection of an academy building. For
this object about one hundred subscribers from Allentown, Bethlehem, Phila-
delphia and New "^'ork did create a fund sufficient to purchase a tract of land
comprising one entire square in the very center of Allentown. The greater
part of this fund was in fact raised in Philadelphia through the efforts of
William Geisse, who is said to have been the real pioneer of homoeopathy in
that city.
According to the original plans, which as a matter of fact were not fully
carried out, the academy building was to comprise a main structure with two
wings, each forty by sixty feet in size, three stories high, and of brick con-
struction, and another two story building for use as a chemical laboratory
and also for anatomical and dissecting purposes ; for these old patriarchs of
Jiomoeopathy had in mind the establishment of a college curriculum which
included both didactic and clinical teaching, and furnished instruction in sur-
gery as well as medicine. But the elaborate plans of the foimders never were
consummated; discouragements and obstacles arose before them and confused
their operations to a considerable extent. They did, however, succeed in open-
ing the academy and carried forward its work for several years, though with
not better than indififerent results so far as medical education was concerned
and at some loss from a financial standpoint. The principal mistake was in
giving medical instruction in German in an English speaking countrv, and
rather than educate themselves in German the American students were inclined
to enter other schools and thus quite naturally adopted some other svstem
of medicine than homoeopathy.
To receive an Allentown diploma was a medical distinction. The profes-
.sors were graduates of German universities and subjected the candidate to
the same rigorous examination as they had received. Manv who sought to
pass were rejected.
Several important books were issued under the auspices of the Allentown
Academy. "Einige Wort ueber Nothwendigkeit" — the address at the dcdica-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 11 T
lion of the academy; the "Homoeopathic Domestic Physician," by Hering,
1835-38, and Hahnemann's Organon, a reprint of the Stratton edition. This
was pubhshed at the "Academical Bookstore," 1836, and contains a preface
"by Hering: the "Correspondenzblatt," 1835-37; "Wirkungen des Schlangen-
giftes" (Effects of Snake Poisons), by Hering, Allentown, 1837.
So much of the early history of Allentown Academy as is here nar-
rated will suffice for the purposes of this chapter, which is devoted more par-
ticularly to the history of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania than that of its schools
of medical instruction. Again, the academy history is made the subject of
sufficient mention in the chapter which relates especially to the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania and its successor, Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege and Hospital of Philadelphia, the former of which was in a way the indi-
rect outgrowth of the older institution at Allentown, although not immediately
a part of it. It is proper to state, however, that this first school of homoe-
opathic medical instruction in the world was founded in 1835, and that its
cornerstone was laid with due ceremony on May 27 of that year, the contents
of the box being as follows : Hahnemann's Organon and picture ; the con-
stitution of the academy corporation, printed in German and English ; names
of members of the academy household and the incorporators ; Hering's ad-
dress ; Philadelphia newspapers containing an account of homoeopathy in Ohio ;
a copy of "Freidensbote ;" quantity of homoeopathic medicine, names of state
and city officers ; programme of the celebration.
At a meeting of the founders and incorporators held on the same day
these officers were elected: Constantine Hering, president; John Romig,
vice-president ; Adolphus Bauer, secretary ; Solomon Keck, treasurer ; Will-
iam Wesselhoeft, Eberhard Freytag, Henry Detwiller, Rev. Christian Becker,
John Rice, C. Pretz, Joseph Saeger and George Keck, directors ; William
Eckert, Rev. Philip H. Goep, Henry Ebner and J. V. R. Hunter, trustees.
On June 17, 1836, the legislature granted a charter to the North Amer-
ican Academy of the Homoeopathic Healing Art, and the institution then incor-
porated by law entered upon its interesting and eventful career. The incor-
poraiors completed the organization of their body, and adopted a constitution
which in its declarations showed the beneficent objects of its founders. The
second article reads as follows : "The Academy shall consider every member
of a Homoeopathic .Society in the United States as a member of its own body,
and shall grant to all equal privileges in the use of what has been accom-
plished by means of its enterprise, according to conditions hereafter mentioned,
without demanding therefor, generally, a stipulated contribution."
The constitution also provided for a thorough course of study, medical
and otherwise, as will, be seen by the following extract from one of the arti-
cles : "The Literary institution according to the express design of its foun-
dation shall be as comprehensive in its operations as possible, and will em-
brace the following branches of study as indispensable to the complete educa-
tion of the physician, viz. : clinical instruction, examination of the sick, and
semeiotics ; pharmacodynamics and materia medica ; pharm.aceutics and med-
ical botany; dietetics; special therapeutics, surgery and obstetrics; medical
jurisprudence; general therapeutics; symptomatology and human pathology;
phvsiology and anatomy ; comparative physiology and comparative anatomy ;
zoology, phytology and mineralogy ; chemistry, physics, geology, astronomy
and mathematics ; history of medicine and natural sciences : the Greek, Latin
and German languages as preparatory studies."
118
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
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This curriculum was broad enougli for the most
advanced medical schools of the day in which the
founders wrought, and theirs was hardly more than
an experimental institution. Indeed the prescribed
course would do justice to many modern colleges.
Those old founders built better than they knew, and
liad the English language been spoken by the fac-
ulty as freely as twenty years later the academy
undoubtedly would have endured to the present time.
However, its downfall has been attributed, in part
at least, to other causes than the mere fact of hav-
ing been a school in which German only was spoken.
HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITALS OF PENNSYLVANIA.
The Homoeopathic Hospital for the Insane at
Allentown. In 1876 an effort was made to secure
a homceopathic hospital for the insane in this state,
but the attempt was not well organized hence noth-
ing came of it; nor of a similar movement in 1888,
although considerable interest was then awakened
in legislative circles and also generally in the med-
ical profession. However, another twelve years
passed before any well organized effort was inaugu-
rated in the direction of such an institution, and then
the initial steps were taken by the Germantown
Homoeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia, an
organization of about two hundred- influential ho-
mrjeopathic physicians of that city, who fathered
the movement, raised the necessary preliminary
funds, and aroused public interest in favor of the
cnter])rise to such extent that the legislature in
1 90 1 appropriated $300,000 for the purchase of
lands and the erection of hospital buildings, but the
governor cut the appropriation to $50,000, pleading
in justification of his action economy in public ex-
])t'n(litures.
The commission appointed under the act to
select a site, purchase grounds and erect the build-
ings comprised Dr. William P. Snyder of Chester
county, William F, Marshall and Dr. Louis H. Wil-
lard of Allegheny county, W. R. Stroh of Carbon
county, and Dr. Isaac W. Heysinger of Philadelphia,
the latter the representative of the homoeopathic
profession and chairman of the executive commit-
tee of the Germantown medical society which had
taken such earnest interest in the enterprise from
the licginning.
In 1903 the legislature appropriated $300,000
f reduced to $2^0.000 bv the executive) for the
ereclion of hospital buildings at Fast Allentown on
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 11 '^>
lands purchased by the state for that purpose, and on June 2^, 1904, the cor-
nerstone of the main structure was laid with formal ceremonies, the governor
being present and taking part ifi the exercises.
The Cholera' Hospital of Philadelphia was the first public charity of the
homoeopathic school of medicine in this country, and was established by the
authorities of that city during the cholera epidemic of 1832. It was located
in a building on Cherry street, and was placed in charge of Dr. George Bute,,
one of the "homoeopathic pioneers of the city and state. The hospital was
established for a temporary purpose and when the period of the epidemic had
passed the institution was closed.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia was chartered April 20, 1850.
For its purposes a building at the southeast corner of Chestnut and Twenty-
fourth streets was rented! a hospital staff was organized, and in 1852 the
institution was opened for the reception of patients. This was the second
institution of the kind in America. Indeed, it may be regarded as the first
regularly organized homoeopathic hospital in this country. It was continued
only two years.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia for sick and w^ounded soldiers
was the outgrowth of a meeting of patriotic women held September 9, 1862,
at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania for the purpose of
organizing a soldier's hospital. The board of managers of the college fitted up
a building for the reception of patients, with the hope that the war department
would allow such soldiers as preferred homoeopathic treatment to become its
temporary inmates. This, however, was refused, and only disabled soldiers
who had been discharged were received there. Several reports were pub-
lished by the managers, and the institution during its existence was the means
of much good for the public welfare.
The Pennsylvania Homoeopathic Hospital for Children was established
largely through the eft'orts of a number of charitable persons of both sexes
who appreciated the advantages of homoeopathic treatment of children, and
who conceived the idea of an institution especially for them. A building in
West Philadelphia was secured and fitted up for the purpose, and was opened
April 24, 1877; a board of managers was created, of which Mrs. William H.
Furness was president and Miss H. W. Hinckley secretary. The hospital
stafif comprised Dr; W. C. Goodno, attending surgeon ; Dr. C. B. Knerr, at-
tending physician ; Dr. C. R. Norton, resident physician ; Drs. Hering, Lippe,
Raue, H. N. Guernsey and Thomas Moore, consultants ; Dr. C. M. Thomas,
surgeon. In 1880 a gift of $15,000 from the estate of William Weld enabled
the association to purchase the hospital property, and the institution was char-
tered June 19 of tliat year. The hospital occupied one-fourth of a city square,
furnished acQpmmodations for twenty-five patients, and was provided with a
dispensary department. It was continued tmtil after the death of Mrs. Fur-
ness, who had been its chief supporter, when (January, 1886) the hospital
was merged in the Hahnemann Hospital of Philadelphia. In the latter a ward
was established in honor of Mrs. Horace Howard Furness and Mrs. Will-
iam H. Furness, Avhich became known as the Mrs. Furness ward.
The Children's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia is one of the most
completely appointed institutions of its kind in the world, and is known from
one end of the country to the other. Lt was founded as a public charity, the'
result of an incident which was not uncommon to life in a great city, but in
its immediate foundation was the result of the action of members of the
120 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Hahnemann Club and their determination to estabhsh an institution in which
sick and injured children could receive proper care and attention. To this
€nd a meeting of friends of the enterprise was held at the house of Dr. Bush-
rod W. James on January i6, 1877, and at that time a temporary organization
was effected. On March 5 following the institution was incorporated, a char-
ter was secured, and on April 14 a permanent organization was effected in
the election of a board of directors and officers, as follows : Henry C. Carey,
president ; Enoch Turley, vice-president ; William N. Shoemaker, treasurer ;
Thomas M. Montgomery, secretary.
In connection with the immediate management of the hospital a board of
lady managers was formed, with these officers : Mrs. Joseph Elwell, presi-
dent; Mrs. V. C. Haven and Mrs. Enoch Turley, vice-presidents; Mrs. Will-
iam Shoemaker, treasurer ; Miss Georgiana Sturges. secretary.
The medical staff of the hospital was composed of members of the Hahne-
mann Club, viz. : Drs. Robert J. McClatchev, A. H. Ashton. C. S. Middleton,
E. A. Farrington, Pemberton Dudley, B. F.' Betts, M. M. Walker, J. R. Ear-
hart, W. H. H. Neville, M. S. Williamson, J. Frishmuth and R. C. Smith,
Children's llomccopathic Hospital, Philadi'lpliia.
attendin>,; ])h}sicians ; Mrs. Beulah M. Townsend, matron : Dr. Thomas L.
Bradford, resident physician.
The hospital was opened June 20, 1877, at the northwest corner of Eighth
and Poplar streets (now qoi North f'lighth street). A dispensary was estab-
lished in the same building. The building in this location was occupied by the
hospital association five years, and in 1883 the hospital was removed to North
Board street, where a new site had been secured by purchase at an expense of
$24,000. The new building was formally opened March 14, 1883. The hos-
pital had thirty-six beds ; the dispensary was in a separate building in the
rear; the nurse's school was opened in 1886.
The new quarters were much larger and better suited to the purposes
of the hospital association than the former home on Eighth street, but within
the brief space of ten years it became evident to the managers that still more
commodious buildings must be provided in the near future, and to this end
the directors began the work of determining upon a new location with lands
of sufficient extent to meet the requirements of the institution inr many
years. Soon afterward the committee on. site and buildings secured lands at
HISTOkV UJ" JK )Ma-:oi'ATIlV 121
the corner of Franklin and Tlionipson streets, distant (jne sqnare from (jirard
avenue.
The plans for the new hospital contemplated a large central building with
extensions on both sides, and the latter have been built as occasion made nec-
essary. On September 14, 1898, ground was broken for the main building and
on November 19 following the cornerstone was laid. The structure was
completed and formally opened during the week of June 5-12, 1889, and on
the latter date the inmates of the old hospital on Broad street were transferred
to the new building. The new south wing was begun August 26, 1903, and
was finished and opened June 15, 1904. The north wing, now nearly com-
pleted, will cost $30,000. The buildings previously erected cost $55,000.
The main building has fifty-four beds ; the isolation building four beds ; the
south building seventy-two beds, a total of one hundred and twenty-six beds
in the hospital. The institution is supported chiefly by the state, and in a
less degree bv endowments and voluntary contributions. In 1894, at the earn-
est suggestion of Dr. Bushrod W. James, free beds were set apart for sick
and iniured newsbovs.
t
lieniii; i iuiidiii,^, Medical and Mir!;ical I )fi)ai'tiiicnt.
The Medical, Surgical and Maternity Hospital of the Women's Homce-
opathic Association of Pennsylvania, in the city of Philadelphia, comprising
one of the most worthv institutions in a city famous for noble charities, was
founded in 1882, by seventeen women who previously had been members of
the auxiliary board of managers of the Homoeopathic Hospital of Pennsyl-
vania, and who from their experiences in that institution were in position to
appreciate the necessity of a home in the city for the care of women in confine-
ment. In carrying their resolution into effect a society was formed, and on
December 13, 1882, the Women's Homoeopathic Association of Pennsylvania
was incorporated under the laws of the state. Various means were resorted
to in order to arouse public interest in the proposed institution, and loyal
friends soon provided the means to place the association on a safe and lasting
basis. In June, 1883, through the generosity of Charles D. Reed, lands at the
northeast corner of Susquehanna avenue and Twentieth street were purchased
and paid for, Mr. Reed donating the entire purchase price ($30,000) and also
122 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
contributing liberallv to the general building fund. Another generous bene-
factor was Miss iMary jeanes, who gave to the association the occupancy of
two houses on Twentieth street, and at her death devised the same for the
benefit of the institution. On March 20, 1884, the hospital was opened in
these houses. On July 17 of the same year work was begun on the new
building and was completed in October. 1887. The state appropriated $20,000
for the construction fund of the association. The main structure when com-
pleted was called Hering building, in memory of the late Constantine Hering.
It was opened October 13, 1887. The maternity pavilion was finished May
16, 1890, and was called Sargent building, in allusion to Dr. Rufus Sargent.
The isolation building was begun in the latter part of 1890, was finished in
the next year, and was named Lippe building, in honor of the late Dr. Adolph
Lippe. whose admirers had contributed generously to its construction fund.
The nurse's school was opened soon after the completion of the hospital.
The entire institution is maintained strictly in accordance with the principles
of pure homoeopathy and temperance, and its staff includes nearly all the
Hahnemannian hnmcpopaths in Philadelphia.
Lippe Isolated Pavilion.
The Homoeopathic Medical and Surgical Hospital and Dispensary of
Pittsburgh, one of the best institutions of its kind in the country, was the
result purely of homoeopaniic initiative born of the old-time prejudice on the
part of the allopathic school and its disposition to deny homoeopathic access
to the hospitals of the city. The homoeopathic practitioners of Allegheny
county having failed to secure accommodations in the then existing hospitals
of the city for patients who desired their treatment, determined to establish a
hospital of their own, and for their exclusive use and benefit. For this purpose
an informal organization was effected and grounds and buildings on Second
avenue near Smithfield street were secured and held, through the influence
and good offices of Drs. Burgher, Cote and Hoffman, until a more permanent
organization could be accomplished. On April 4, 1866, a charter was obtained,
trustees and officers were chosen and the work of the corporation was begun
in earnest. Buildings were arranged for the occupancy of the hospital, and
the institutifin \vas opened for patients on August i, 1866.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
123
The hospital was continued in its ori.£?;inal building- until April, 1882,
when the trustees determined to erect new buildings and extend the area of
the surrounding grounds. A considerable fund was required to carry out
the plans of the corporation, but friends were found in the time of need.
William Thaw gave the trustees $50,000 ; the legislature appropriated for the
hospital in 1882 the sum of $50,000, and a like sum in 1884. The Ladies'
Association "house warming" netted more than $17,000; Miss Jane Holmes
gave $15,000, and many smaller contributions were received from various
other sources. With the splendid fund thus created the trustees erected the
present hospital structure, comprising two main buildings, one on First ave-
nue and one on Second avenue, the total cost of which was nearly $234,000.
From 1882 to 1884 hospital work was suspended on account of the improve-
ments, but the completed structure was opened for patients on April i, 1884;
the formal opening was held April 15. On that occasion Dr. Cooper on be-
}.^n?-i V
Sargent or IMaternitv Building.
half ot the building committee handed the kev to Dr. McClelland of the exec-
utive committee.' who accepted the same with the responsibilities of the trust
implied by it. From that time the hospital has been recognized as one of the
most worth}- institutions of the great city in which it is located, and through
the good works there accomplished has been the means of elevating the stand-
ard of the homoeopathic profession both in Pennsvlvania and in America. In
connection with its .general work an excellent nurses' school is maintained.
The institution is supported by the interest on its invested funds, the pay
of patients, and contributions from benevolent persons. The "Hospital News"
is a publication issued monthly by an editorial staff chosen by the officiary of
the hospital corporation.
The Homoeopathic .Aledical and Surgical Hospital of Reading is the out-
growth of the still older Reading Homoeopathic Dispensary Association, which
was organized in 1887 and located on Franklin street. A ladies auxiliary
association was formed in November, 1888. After active measures for organ-
ization and the creation of a necessary fund, a charter w^as obtained in 1890.
Soon afterward tb.e trustees purchased the Dr. Luther Diller property on
Homoeopathic Hospital, PittsbuVKl'-
iiisi'oin' n\- ii()M(]:()rATiiv i:^^
Sixth street, wliich was eciuipped for its intended occupancy through the
generosity of the ladies auxihary. The formal opening was held July i,
i8gi. and since that time the hospital has taken rank with the hest of the city's
charities. 'J1ie hospital staff is chosen from the homoeopathic physicians of
the city. In 1897 the institution received a bequest of $12,000 from the
estate of Maria Von Neida.
The Woman's Southern Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia dates its
history from the year 1895, and is the outgrowth of a dispensary opened in:
September, 1893,. by Dr. Amelia L. Hess and Miss Annie M. Miller in a
small first floor room in what now is Rodman street. The dispensary accom-
plished much good work and the constantly increasing demands upon it neces-
sitatefl frequent removals to more commodious quarters. In 1894 Dr. Han-
nah R. Mulford became a part of the life of the dispensary, and soon after-
ward it was resolved into a private hospital, and was located on South Seventh
street. In 1895 the Woman's Homoeopathic Qub began taking an interest
in the work, and the outcome of its efforts was a charter (October 31, 1896)
for a hospital corporation and the conduct of a hospital, dispensary and mater-
nity home under the name of the Woman's Southern Homoeopathic Hospital
of Philadelphia. In 1897 the premises on the south side of Spruce street,
near Eighth, was purchased and arranged for hospital occupancy. The dis-
pensary is an important department of the w^ork of the hospital. The Ann
May memorial home became a department of the greater institution in 1904.
It is the gift of Mrs. Albionia Whartenbury of Philadelphia as a memorial of
her daughter. Ann May Whartenbury Robinson, and was formally opened at
Spring Lake, New Jersey, June 10, 1904.
St. Luke's Homoeopathic Hospital of Philadelphia had its origin in a
meeting of physicians and laymen held in November, 1895, to discuss the need
of a hospital in the north part of the city. An association was formed and a
house on North Broad street was secured and equipped for its intended occu-
pancy. The formal opening was accompanied with a three days' public recep-
tion, January 7-9, 1896. In October following a training school for nurses
was established in connection with the hospital. The trustees incorporation
was effected January 30, 1896. On September 14, 1899, the trustees, com-
prising men only, resigned and their places were filled with women, under
whose management the institution has since been conducted. However, the
constantly crowded quarters of the hospital made it necessary for the man-
agement to secure more commodious quarters in another location, and to that
end a building committee was chosen to accomplish the work. In May, 1904,
the trustees purchased, at a cost of $75,000, the property formerly ownecl by
Dr. Meyer at the southwest corner of Broad and Wingohocking streets. The
stone buildings on this site are now being arranged for hospital uses. The
site is most desirable for the purpose for wdiich the property is intended. Ac-
cording to the plans, a dispensary will be provided, and located in a separate
building, fronting on Fifteenth street. The main building when fully arranged
will contain rooms for fifty beds, and a separate building will be provided for
servants' quarters.
The J. Lewis Crozer Home and Hospital for Incurables, near Chester,,
was founded through the benevolence of the late Mr. Crozer, for whom the
institution is named. He died in April, 1897, ^^^ i" ^'''s will made provision
for founding a home for incurables and also a homoeopathic hospital, for
which purpose the sum of $50,000 was set apart from his estate. After his
128 HiSTORY UF HOMCEOPATHY ^
death his widow immediately set out to carry the provisions of the bequest
into effect, and in Uctol)er of that year the work of erectino- the home was
begun. The buildings are located at Upland, near Chester, and within its com-
fortable walls are loo rooms, and 40 beds. The medical staff is selected from
the members of the Organon Medical Club of Chester, who have management
of the home and hospital. In 1902 a hospital building was erected, and opened
July 17, 1903. The grounds of the institution include 36 acres, the gift of
Mrs. Crozer independent of her husband's original bequest.
The Hahnemann Hospital at Scranton became one of the incorporated
institutions of the city December 13, 1897, and since that time has been num-
bered among the worthy charities of northern and northeastern Pennsylvania.
It is a public institution in a sense, in that it is in part supported by the state
and in return receives within its hospitable walls patients who are public
charges ; otherwise its support is derived from pay patients and voluntary con-
tributions. In the early part of the year mentioned the homoeopathic physi-
cians of Scranton and interested friends of that school of medicine determined
to establish in the city a homoeopathic hospital, and for that purpose associ-
ated together and became a body corporate. This accomplished, the trustees
secured the James Blair homestead at the corner of Washington and iMulberry
streets, which was the first home of the hospital, but later on more permanent
quarters were found through the generosity of W. W. Scranton, who equipped
for the trustees a comfortable building at the corner of Linden and Monroe
streets. A nurses' school was opened in 1898; the home for nurses was pro-
vided in 1902. The trustees and hospital association are now taking steps
•toward the erection of a new and modern hospital building.
The West Philadelphia Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary was
founded in June, 1903, and permanently organized in 1904, when the property
at the corner of Girard avenue and Fifty-fifth street was secured as the home
of the institution.
REMINISCENCES.
The first epoch in the history of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania extends to
1835, when the first college of homoeopathy in the world — x\llentown Acad-
emy— was established. During this first epoch the system of Hahnemann
had been introduced into two states at nearly the same time and without con-
cert of action.
To Dr. Henry Detwiller, then of Hellertown, is due the honor of having
given the first homoeopathic prescription in Pennsylvania, and the time, July
23, 1828. He was born in Langenbruch, Canton P>asil, Landschaft, Switzer-
land, December 13, 1795. At the village school he showed such aptitude for
learning that when he was thirteen he was sent to a French institute at St.
Immier, where he remained until he was fifteen, when he became a private
pupil of Laurentius Senor, M. D., a graduate of Wurzburg, under whose tui-
tion he prepared for matriculation in the medical department of the L'niver-
sity of Freiburg, in the grand duchy of Baden. He was admitted in, this insti-
tution in the spring of 1814, and studied there for five consecutive semesters.
After leaving the university, having barely reached his majority, and being
fond of the natiu'al sciences, he felt a strong desire to investigate and to ex-
plore the regions of America. So he left Basd in the spring of 181 7. Several
hundred emigrants accomj^anied him to Amsterdam, and on the passage he
acted as physician to the company. When he arrived at Mu}den, near Amster-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
129
(lam. he was asked to present himself to a medical board for examination,
which he did, and passin^^" snccessfully. was appointed physician on the ship
"John of Baltimore," an American vessel from Boston. It was an old three-
master, on its farewell trip, almost worn out and unseaworthy, but it took
on board over fom- hundred men, women and children. The captain taking
a southerly course, goin^- south of Bermuda in the middle of July, the oppres-
sive heat produced dysentery, cholera morbus anrl a prostrating diarrhoea.
The ship's medicine chest was not proijcrly supplied and Dr. Detwiller and
General Vandame were obliged to furnish medicines from their own private
stores. The vessel reached Philadelphia the last of July. The passengers
were largely redemptioners and were obliged to remain on board until prop-
erly disposed of. Many were sick and they with those similarly afflicted from
Henry Detwiller, M. D.
another vessel in port were entrusted to Dr. Detwilltr by the port physician,
and the ofiticial physician at quarantine placed the same trust in him.
While thus detained in Philadelphia Dr. Detwiller through General Van-
dame became acquaintefl with Dr. Alonges, a French physician who often
called him in consultation in the family of General \'andame and other French
refugees then in Philadelphia. At the suggestion of Joseph Bonaparte, Gen-
eral \'andame and Dr. Ivlonges, Detwiller abandoned his original purpose of
going into the Indian country, and decided to establish himself in a localily
where the Genr.an language was chiefly spoken. Being well provided with
letters of introduction, he went to Allentown, Pa., and on September 2, 1817,
entered the office of Dr. Charles H. Martin as an assistant. Here he remained
for seven months. During the fall and winter of 1817-18 there appeared in
130 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
many parts of Lehigh and the adjoining- counties a disease attacking whole
famihes with more or less severity, and attended in convalescence with fre-
quent relapses, the patients being sick for months and then often dying from
phthisis or dropsy. This disease was diagnosed by the physicians as bilious
colic, as one of the most prominent symptoms was abdominal or intestinal
pain, with very obstinate costiveness and vomiting. The treatment had
been with opium and calomel in very large doses, powerful laxatives, tobacco
smoke even being forced into the rectum, while salivation was indulged in
extensively. Detwiller was able to discover that the real cause of the preva-
lent epidemic was lead poisoning produced from the glazing with litharge of
earthen pots in which apple butter, often rather sour, had' been kept. This
discovery and his successful antidotal treatment gained for the young doctor
a great reputation, and he was urged to settle in many different localities.
He finally selected- Hellertown, and in April, 1818, opened an office there.
In December he married Elizabeth Appel, a native of the vicinity, and who
died seventeen years later, leaving three sons and four daughters.
Dr. Detwiller writes of himself: 'T began to practice homoeopathy in
the year 1828, July 23, at Hellertown, Pa. Dr. W. Wesselhoeft at that time
practicing in Bath, Dr. E. Freytag in Bethlehem, Dr. Becker in Kreidersville,
myself at Hellertown, all in Northampton county, met frequently at the house
of Dr. Freytag, interchanged our experiences in the then to us, new practice,
prepared a kind of repertory for our own use. Homoeopathic treatment in an
epidemic of dysentery in the fall of 1829 (where out of 86 only two proved
fatal) urged us to closer studies. Dr. Wesselhoeft furnished books and medi-
cines which he received from his friend Dr. Stapf as a present. In 1831 I
received the then extant whole library of works on homoeopathy, together
with the medicines, from my friend Dr. Siegrist in Basil."
Dr. Wesselhoeft in Bath was twelve miles north of Hellertown, but he
often met Detwiller socially and in consultation. At one of these meetings
Wesselhoeft said that he had received from his father and Dr. Stapf in Ger-
many some books on homoeopathy and a box of homoeopathic medicines.
They commenced to investigate the new system. Detwiller studied up a case
he then had on hand and decided that Pulsatilla was the proper remedy. He
gave it, the first dose of homoeopathic medicine given in Pennsylvania, on
July 23, 1828. The result was a speedy cure. From this time he was a steady
practitioner and champion of the principles of homoeopathy.
Dr. Wesselhoeft soon began to give homoeopathic medicines, and Dr.
Eberhard Freytag also. The Rev. Christian J. Becker of Kreidersville, of
whom Detwiller speaks, was a clergyman who had been partially educated in
medicine and became greatly interested in the new method. The result of
the investigations convinced him of its truth and he practiced with consider-
able success among the poor of his neighborhood. In 1830 Dr. John Romig
joined this band of workers.
In 1836 Dr. Detwiller visited Europe in company with his eldest son,
whom he placed at school where he was to remain for four years. While in
Europe he visited Professors Schoenlcin, Oken and Schintz at Zurich to
converse upon scientific subjects. Fle also had several interviews with Hahne-
mann in Paris in the interests of homoeopathy in the United States, and espe-
cially of the Allentown Academy, then just started. He also visited his alma
mater, presenting his certificates of examination (absolutorium) executed in
the fall of 1816, when he was unable because of youth to receive his diploma.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 131
Thus, after an absence of twenty years, he applied to the medical faculty for
a re-examination. After a most thorough examination on the different
branches including operations on the cadaver, he was granted a diploma.
He returned to the United States and resumed practice at Hellertown,
remaining there until 1852, when he removed to Easton. He introduced
homoeopathy into Easton and had much opposition at first to contend against.
During his long residence at Hellertown, Detwiller, notwithstanding his very
extensive and arduous practice, always found time to follow his favorite study
of natural science. He collected his "Flora Sauconensis," his specimens hav-
ing been gathered largely in upper and lower Saucon. He made many botan-
ical excursions with his friends De Schweinetz and Huebner. His ornitho-
logical specimens, the mammals, reptiliae, cheloniae, etc., represent nearly
the whole fauna of Pennsylvania. The greater part of this collection was
Samuel R. Dubs, M. D.
donated to public institutions and museums in Europe, especially to the Uni-
versity of Basil, he being corresponding member of the Natural History
Society there.
In 1836 he became a member of the faculty of the Allentown Academy.
He was one of the organizers of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1844. In 1866 he assisted in the formation of the Pennsylvania State Homoe-
opathic Society. In 1886 at the dedication of the Hahnemann Medical College
building on Broad street, Philadelphia, he was present, bowed with the weight
of years, and with long whitened hair, but with eyes still bright and skin
clear.
Dr. Detwiller died at Easton April 21. 1887. He had been seventy-two
years in practice and was ninety-two years of age. About three weeks before
132 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
his death ho arose at an early hour, as had been his habit from childhood, took
his regular morning- walk, and near the corner of Fourth and Northampton
streets fell, striking his forehead on the pavement. He was assisted to his
feet, returned to his office, partook of his customary lunch and went to Beth-
lehem to attend several patients. The next day he made professional calls at
Frenchtown, N. J., and in the evening of the third day began to feel the
effects of his fall. He was then confined to his room but almost to the last
gave directions for the treatment of his patients. He was interested in educa-
tional matters and in many business enterprises. His family consisted of three
sons and four daughters. He left twenty-seven grandchildren, twenty-one
great-grandchildren and two great-great-grandchildren.
As has been stated, the companion of Dr. Detwiller in the first investiga-
tion in Pennsylvania of the truth of homoeopathy was Dr. William Wessel-
hoeft* of Bath in Northampton county. He was the second son of Karl Wes-
selhoeft, who, with his brother-in-law, Friedrich Frommann, owned the largest
publishing house in the university town of Jena during the palmy days of
Saxe- Weimar. William was born in 1794 and when he was four years' old
his father moved from Chemnitz. When he was ten years of age Goethe
took a kindly interest in his education and gave him pencils and paper and
friendly advice, in order to foster a love for drawing, for he believed that
art was an essential to early education, and he himself excelled in it. Nor did
Karl, the father, stint these educational advantages, though impoverished by
the wars with Napoleon. He had residing in his family as private tutor to
his children the celebrated De Wette, afterward professor of theology at Ber-
lin and later at Basle ; and after De Wette, Grossman, who became superin-
tendent of the Lutheran churches at Leipsic. This family school consisted of
William, his brothers Edward and Robert, his sister Wilhekuina, and a ward
of his uncle Frommann, Minna Herzlied, celebrated in the "Memoirs of
Goethe" as one of the ladies who for a time held the sentimental poet's heart.
In 1809 Wesselhoeft became a pupil at the Real-Schule of Nuremburg,
then under the direction of G. H. von Schubert, the great natural philosopher
and psychologist, in whose autobiography may be found frequent mention of
young Wesselhoeft. Here, besides studying Latin and Greek, he began his
profound studies in the natural sciences, including anatomy, of which he was
very fond, becoming very expert in anatomical drawings. His botanical
studies also were extensive, and he prepared a valuable hortus siccus. Dur-
ing his student life, he was in the habit of making extensive tours for the
purpose of explorations in botany, mineralogy and geology, and his collections
of mineral and geological specimens were given to Dr. Adolph Douai for
the benefit of the students in the Perkins Institution for the Blind.
Our young savant also studied transcendental physics with the celebrated
Oken. In 1813, being nineteen years old, he entered the University of Jena,
graduating there seven years afterward as doctor of medicine, having per-
fected his general and medical education at the universities of Berlin and
Wurzburg, at each of which he resided for a season, and at which he passed
the second and third examinations necessary in Germany to obtain a license to
practice medicine.
Wesselhoeft was not only a scholar of parts liut also an attractive man
of the world. At this time Goethe was mucli interested in meteorology, and
^Memorial of Dr. William Wesselhoeft. hy P'lizahctli P. Peabody. Boston, 1859.
i[iSTORV OF TK)^r^l•:op.\T^[y las
Wesselhoeft enjoyed niakino ol)?ervations of the clouds for him at the observa-
tory at Jena.
Wesselhoeft was in s\-nipathy with the young patriots who had returned
from German army service, in which struggle Koerner fell in 1806. When
in Berlin in 1819 he became intimate with "Old Jahn." who invented the mod-
ern system of gymnastics and had in Berlin a gymnasium as early as 181 1.
It was the time of the Burschenschaften in Germany, or secret political societies
to promote nationality ; and William and Robert Wesselhoeft, who were stu-
dents at Jena, were' very active in promoting these organizations. These
Burschenschaften were betrayed by a traitor and many were arrested, among
them William and Robert Wesselhoeft. William, who was at the time pur-
suing his studies at Berlin, was thrown into the political prison, and Robert
was' confined in the fortress at Magdeburg. WilHam escaped after a two
months" imprisonment and was for a long time concealed in his father's house
at Jena. Then young Dr. William wished to go to the assistance of the
Greeks, who were struggling for freedom. He became surgeon to the Ger-
man Philhellenen and started w^ell equipped with surgical appliances. Indeed
so ample was the quantity of lint and of bandages prepared by his sister Wil-
helmina, his friend Ferdinanda, and others in the secret, that it is said to
have served him all his life. When he arrived at Marseilles an injunction wa3
laid on the vessel, and no more volunteers could go to Greece. From Mar-
seilles he went to Switzerland, where were his friends Follen and Beck and
De Wette, who had found positions at the University of Basle. In this uni-
versity Wesselhoeft also found employment as demonstrator of anatomy and
assistant oculist. He remained there two years, and spent his vacations in
tours among the lofty mountains not only for love of natural science but for
the picturesque. During the later years of his life he often talke'd of revisit-
ing Switzerland, and the last picture he purchased was a painting of the Alps
reminding him, as he said, of his own youth.
But "there was interference by the allied powers with the German refu-
gees, driving Drs. Follen and Beck from Switzerland, and compelling Wessel-
hoeft to leave for America at the same time. Some letters showing his sym-
pathy with Follen had fallen into the hands of the despots. He sailed from
Antwerp and was four months on the voyage. On his arrival he w^ent to Le-
high county. Pa., where lived a German family he had known at home. From
there he went to Northampton county, seeking a place to practice, and finally
settled at Bath, where the population was largely German. Follen and
Beck, who also came to America, made efiforts to induce him to go to Massa-
chusetts. In 1825 Ticknor wrote asking him to take charge of the gymnas-
ium at Cambridge and Boston, but already a large practice occupied him at
Bath and he refused. Here he married Sarah Palmer, in whose family he
had become known bv his professional calls as an allopathic physician. Even
then he was meditating a change, and studying the svstem of Hahnemann.
He frankly told his fiancee his plans, of the unsatisfactory methods of the
prevailing therapeutics, and of the possibility that his change in medical prac-
tice would for a time hurt his income.
Soon after Wesselhoeft had come to America certain of his old class-
mates had become interested in homoeopathy and wrote to him to test the
medicines. His old friend Stapf sent him the Organon provins-s, together
Avith homoeopathic medicines. At first it seemed absurd to him. but a love
of fair play to the man who had devoted so much time to this new materia
134 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
medica induced him to test its virtues. Infinitesimal doses were hardest to
accept. His first experiment was in a case of ozaena whose symptoms indi-
cated Hahnemann's thirtieth dihition of some medicine. He said : " I was
really ashamed to give the thirtieth dilution and substituted the sixth." When
he went the next day his patient was sitting up in bed, the symptoms much
worse and she very angry. The disease was cured, however, without another
dose. Among his first successes was his treatment of croup with pongia and
hepar. He communicated these cases to Freytag, Detwiller and to others,
and they engaged in personal investigation. So great was the confidence in
him that his patients were willing to take the small doses that he soon began
to prescribe. The story of the first provcrs' union, the first society, the Allen-
town Academy, with all which Wesselhoeft was identified, will appear in
proper sequence. When the success of the academy became doubtful, Hering
went to Philadelphia and Wesselhoeft to Allentown to try to support the
institution.
In 1842 Wesselhoeft decided to remove to Boston. His brother Robert,
who had been a lawyer in Weimar and an officer of the government, was
arrested with other members of the Burschenschaften, and for seven years was
kept in mild imprisonment, but on the accession of Frederick William IV of
Prussia, he was released, returned to Jena, married, and was given his old
government position. But his principles were too liberal, and he was
requested by the authorities to leave Europe and take up his abode in America.
With his family he came to Allentown and made his home with his brother.
Robert was taught the materia medica during the year they resided at Allen-
town. He afterward removed to Cambridge, Mass., and William, to Boston,
and it was not long before they together founded the Brattleboro (Vt.)
water cure. This was established in 1846, and was continued until 1851.
Dr. William expected in removing from the interior of Pennsylvania to
Boston to find again that cultured companionship he had known in Germany,
and doubtless believed the physicians of Boston would be liberal enough to
investigate the new medical system; but he was met by ridicule and contempt.
He passed his sons and nephews through Harvard Medical School, however,
and set himself quietly to practice. At that time there were four or five
homoeopathic physicians in Boston, among whom Wesselhoeft's greater experi-
ence gave him the lead. He was soon engaged in a large and lucrative practice.
During the last year of his life he became aware that he was overtaxing his
constitution. He went for a vacation to the country, but a cold brought him
back to the city. He sent to Philadelphia for Hering, his old friend, refusing
to see all others that he might have strength to talk to him. About twelve
hours before he could expect him to arrive he was sitting near his wife, her
hand in his, when suddenly he brought his other hand upon it, pressed it
tenderly several times and said "Will you go with me?" Then he arose,
made two or three firm steps towards the bed and fell. On being raised up
it was seen that he "was beyond and above" — September i. 1858.
Another of this little medical fraternity in Pennsylvania was Eberhard
Freytag, then practicing in Bethlehem. At that time he was sixty years old.
He was associated with all the advancements of the new system in Northamp-
ton county, in the first society and the academy. Until the time of his death.
March 14, 1846, he was an enthusiastic believer in the new medical law.
He was one of the charter members of the institute, and his was the first
death presented to that society. He was 82 years when he died. The records
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
135
of his life are meagre. The Northampton County Homoeopathic Medical
Society passed resolutions of regret and resolved to report the death at the
meeting of homoeopathic physicians about to assemble in convention at Phila-
delphia in May. These resolutions appear in the transactions of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy for 1846.
Rev. Christian J. Becker was an original director of Allentown Academy,
He became a successful practitioner among his parishioners and was a member
of the first homoeopathic medical society. About 1838 he practiced homoe-
opathy at Harrisburg.
Dr. John Romig was born in Lehigh county, January 3, 1804, and was
of German ancestry. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in
1825, and located at Fogelsville, Lehigh county. In the spring of 1829 he
H. H. Hoffman, M. D.
removed to Allentown, forming a partnership with Dr. Charles H. Martin.
About 1832 or 1833 he commenced to practice homoeopathy and was asso-
ciated in all the homoeopathic enterprises of that time. He was professor of
obstetrics in the Allentown Academy. In 1838 he removed to Baltimore
with others to introduce homoeopathy. Drs. Haynel and McManus were then
in homoeopathic practice there. He remained but two years, returning to
Allentown, where he passed the rest of his life. He had two sons, William
H. and George M. Romig, both graduates of the University of Pennsylvania
and of the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, George in 1870 and
William in 1871.
One of the important members of this homoeopathic brotherhood and
136 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
one whose influence was extensive, was Rev. Johannes Helfrich. He was the
son of Rev. John Henry Helfrich of Mosbach in Germany, who was sent to
America bv the Moravian synod of Holland in 1771. He was placed at
Weisenberg in Lehigh county (then called Northampton) and at this place
Johannes was born January 17, 1795. He was educated for the ministry at
rhiladelphia and while yet there pursuing his' studies he was called to the
charge left vacant by his father's recent death. This was in the spring of
181 6. He was licensed and accepted- the call, and three vears later he received
ordination at the synod of Lancaster. He served this charge all his life. On
April 19. 1818, he married Salome Schantz. Three years after marriage he
purchased a home within a mile from that in which his father had resided.
He was a warm friend of the Germans and his house became a hospitable
home for many immigrants. Lentil his two sons were grown to manhood he
kept, at different times, six very able German teachers who were well versed
in the sciences. At this time his home was known all about the country as
the " Weisenberg Academy." He was the means of educating many who
afterwards became professional and influential men. Among the German
professors at his academy was Dr. William Wesselhoeft. It was through
Wesselhoeft that Mr. Helfrich became interested in homoeopathy. He read
his medical books, listened to his discussions on the new medical law, and
with him made many botanical expeditions in order to find new remedies.
Mr. Helfrich also became intimate with Hering and was greatly influenced
by his enthusiasm. For a number of years Mr. Helfrich in connection with
his pastoral labors was accustomed to prescribe homceopathic remedies for the
ailments of his parishioners, but this so overtaxed his strength that he
required all patients to call at his home. It was soon filled with invalids
and took the form of a hospital, rather than a school. In the fall of 1830
Mr. Helfrich arranged his work to devote two davs weekly to medical treat-
ment. On these days as many as twenty or thirty patients were regularly
present and homoeopathy was given a practical test. Dr. Wesselhoeft, at
that time settled at Bath, made weekly visits to the Weisenberg hospital to
assist in the treatment and to further instruct Helfrich. The results of this
clinic and dispensary were very encouraging. These meetings were con-
tinued until the establishment of the Northampton society in 1834. Then
came the establishment of the Allentown Academy, of which Mr. Helfrich
was a founder. From this institution Mr. Helfrich received one of the first
diplomas granted. He was now fully established as a phvsician and the
demands upon his medical skill constantly increased. His eldest son, John
Henr} Helfrich. graduated in Philadelphia as a physician in 1846 and estab-
lished himself in his father's home in Weisenberg. In 1849 Mr. Helfrich
published a German book on homceopathic veterinary practice, the first book
on the subject published in this country. Dr. J. H. Helfrich, the son, prac-
ticed in Allentown until his death. The elder Helfrich died April 8, 1852.
The weekly reunions of these earnest physicians, Wesselhoeft, Detwiller,
Freytag and Becker, were begun in 1828, and were held for convenience at
the house of Dr. Freytag in Bethlehem. In 1829 an epidemic of dysentery
occurred in Northamjjton county, and at- that time Dr. Wesselhoeft gave up
the old practice and devoted himself entirely to the practice of homoeopathy.
For a year he treated free all cases that came to him, wishing to learn more
thoroughly the new materia medica. He established offices in Bath and sur-
rounding places, where he invited the sick to come for treatment, and he
HISTORY OF IIUMCEUPATHY
137
devoted a part of each day to these cUnics. Previous to 1830 he furnished
all the medicines and books, but in that year Dr. Detwiller received the com-
plete publications of homcEopathy and also its medicines from Dr. Siegrist
of Basel ( Basle ) , who had been practicing homoeopathy in Switzerland for
several years. But there was need of a more extended organization, and on
August 23, 1834, was formed the Homoeopathic Society of Northampton and
Counties Adjacent, of which mention is made elsewhere in this chapter. In
the meantime, however, homoeopathy had been introduced into Philadelphia
by Dr, Carl Ihm, a native of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and a graduate of the
University of Wurzburg, in Bavaria. It is supposed that his coming to
Philadelphia was induced by William Geisse, a wealthv German merchant of
that city, and a personal friend of Hahnemann, with the purpose of investi-
gating the truth of homoeopathy. Dr.
Ihm studied the doctrine, adopted its
tenets and began practice. He was the
first homoeopathic physician in the city.
In the latter part of 1833 he went to
Tioga county, practiced there wdth Dr.
Lewis Saynich, and afterward went to
Cuba.
The question of precedence in
next prescribing homoeopathic medi-
cines in Philadelphia seems to lie be-
tween Dr. Charles F. Matlack and Dr.
George H. Bute. Matlack graduated
from the University of Pennsylvania
in 1820. In an autograph letter he
writes : " I may here remark that I be-
lieve I was the first American physi-
cian in chronological order who prac-
ticed in Philadelphia according to the
homoeopathic method. I employed it
by way of experiment as early as the
winter of 1832-33." He practiced
homoeopathy in the city for many
years, removing thence to German-
town in 185 1. In 1833 he translated
Hering's address before the Hahne-
mannian Society— Kurze Uebersicht der Homoeopathischen Heilkunst (A Con-
cise A lew of the Rise and Progress of Homoeopathic Medicine). He died in
1874. Dr. Matlack was a member of the Society of Friends and his early
stand for homeopathy probably influenced the course taken by so manv of
that sect, both in the United States and in England, in relation to the adoption
of homoeopathy.
George Henry Bute was born in the duchy of Schaumburg Lippe Buecke-
burg, :\Iay 20, 1792. During the French 'dominion in Germany he left
home to escape military conscription. He led a roving life for several years,
servmg on a Dutch man-of-war. He visited the soudiern parts of Europe,
even Constantinople, but deserted at Genoa, traversed Germany on foot and
came to the United. States, reaching Philadelphia in August, 1819. He
became acquainted with the Moravians through their bishop, and in 1822
J. C. Burgher, M. D.
138 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
entered Nazartth Hail, the Moravian boarding school at Nazareth, Pa., as
teacher. He married at Nazareth Mary Bardill, daughter of a Moravian
missionary, in April, 1825, and returned to Philadelphia, where he was em-
ployed in a store until after the arrival from Germany of his younger brother
Charles, when the two started a sugar refinery. In 1828 he received a special
commission to go to Surinam (Dutch Guiana) as a Moravian missionary.
Being stationed in the city of Paramaribo, he became acquainted with Dr.
Constantine Hering, who was there as a botanist and geologist for the Saxon
government, and who was also practicing homoeopathy. Bute became a stu-
dent of Hering, but returned to the United States in 1831. He landed in
Boston and later went to Nazareth to perfect himself in medicine. The chol-
era epidemic of 1832 broke out in Philadelphia and he went there, devoting his
time to the care of the victims and the custody of the hospital on Cherry
street. He was a partner with Hering in Philadelphia and practiced there
for six years, when ill health compelled his return to Nazareth, where he
passed the rest of his life. He died there February 13, 1876, aged eighty-three
years. He was the prover of several important remedies and all his life was
enthusiastic in the advancement of homoeopathy.
Constantine Hering was the most powerful factor in the growth of early
American homoeopathy. He was a physician, poet, scientist, naturalist, psy-
chologist, scholar and author. Reaching America just at a time when there
was need of ^ome one to organize the few men who were practicing homoe-
opathy and to find methods to spread the new medical doctrine, Hering was
able to accomplish all these things. When he had been in this country only
a few months we find him addressing the little , Philadelphia Homoeopathic
Society on the subject of homoeopathy, in which address he gave a complete
account of Hahnemann and his discoveries and practice. He was the principal
mover in the establishment of that first college of homoeopathy, the Allen-
town Academy, whose graduates spread the truths of the new doctrine all
over the country, although in 1835, when the academy was opened, there were
no practitioners of the system in any state except New York and Pennsyl-
vania; in 1840 there were practitioners in sixteen different states, and the
pupils of the Allentovvn Academy had carried the new medical system into all
of them.
Constantine Hering was born in Oschatz, a small town between Dresden
and Leipsic, January i, 1800, The family originally was from Moravia and
the family name was Hrinka. His father was devoted to teaching and music,
and published several works on musical instruction. In 1795 he was given
the position of conrector and organist of the church of Oschatz, with the
title of magister. His family consisted of three daughters and four sons.
When Constantine Hering was born his father was seated at the organ, and
when the news was brought to him, answered with that grand old anthem of
praise, "Nun Danket Alle Gott." The diligence passed through the town of
Oschatz and often a traveller of note stopped over night and spent the even-
ing with Magister Hering. Hering listened to their talk. Seume, a literary
man, inspired him with his talk about America and democracy and love of
freedom and hatred of the privileged classes. His teachers were cultured men ;
August Rudolph was an excellent mathematician and taught him to love
mathematics. History young Hering called "a collection of foolish and hor-
rible things.'' He preferred the study of plants, insects and stones. He
earned reproof from Herr Rudolph by refusing to call Peter of Russia, Peter
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 139
the Great, but wrote in his composition, "Peter, whom fools call great." Her-
ing in his boyhood saw the march to Russia of the French army, and its ter-
rible retreat. A part of the army passed by his father's door, and one day a
company halted and demanded food. Constantine, then twelve, ran out with
a loaf of black (rye) bread, which an officer took only to fling it on the
ground where it was kicked about by the soldiers. "It's good bread," said
the boy, "my mother made it ; don't you know God will punish you for throw-
ing bread away?" On the retreat the same squad stopped again at the door
and again young Hering took out bread, this time white bread, to them. The
same officer, wasted and in rags, his arm in a sling,. met the boy. "Ah! my
boy," he explained, "the curse you told us of has fallen upon us."
Hering found his first stimulus to natural history on a grapevine, the
caterpillar called sphynx atropos. This atropos, followed in later years by the
lachesis (the poisonous snake), reminded him of the "Three Fates." He
once said : "The destinies have come to me in reverse order." First came
atropos, the inflexible, who cuts the thread of life, next lachesis, who spins
it, and finally clotho, holding the distaff. He likened his work in writing the
materia medica to the spinning of threads in a fabric, and when the web was
well done, he said, "When I shall be called hence the work will be left on
the loom for other hands to weave." He now became enthusiastic in col-
lecting insects, stones and plants. He made long excursions to the neigh-
boring hills and valleys and returned laden with specimens. He would stop
at some inn to arrange them, and it was there he learned the plain simple
language he so much loved.
In 1817 the young naturalist was sent to an academy in Dresden, where
he studied surgery. A year later a copy of Euclid fell into his hands at an
old book stall. He resolved to go home and give himself to Greek and mathe-
matics, which he did until 1820, when he went to Leipsic, where he studied
seven courses in medicine. He then went to Wurzburg, attracted by the
fame of Schoenlein, the pathologist, with whom he formed a friendship which
his conversion to homoeopathy never disturbed. He graduated at Wurzburg
with the highest honors, in 1826. As was the custom, he presented at gradu-
ation a thesis which he was obliged to defend in public disputation with mem-
bers of the faculty and students. The following preamble in Latin was printed
on the cover of his. dissertation :
"Johann Lucas Schoenlein, Dean pro tempore of the gracious order of physicians,
Doctor of Philosophy, Medicine and Surgery, and public professor in ordinary, etc., etc.,
with all due courtesy, invites the noble vice-rector of the Academy, the senate fathers,
the professors of all grades, the academic citizens, finally men of letters and the patrons
.of letters, to public disputation, to be held March 22d, 1826, at 9 A. M., by the very
noble, illustrious and learned man, Mr. Constantine Hering, Saxon, under the presidency
of Caritanus Textor, Doctor of Philosophy, Medicine and Surgery, Aulic Councillor to
the August King of Bavaria, and public professor in ordinary, etc., etc., for the purpose
of duly obtaining the highest honors in Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics."
This printed invitation which young Hering had to extend for his dis-
putatia inaugiiralis contained a number of short propositions or theses in
Latin, each one of which he stood ready to defend in argument. A transla-
tion of the "Questiones inaugtdares and Theses'' is here given :
1. Springs are living fossils.
2. I hold that there are nerv-es in the placenta.
3. The " ganglion petrosum " is to the ear what the " ganglion ophthalmicum "
is to the eye.
140 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
4. The olfactory, optic and acoustic nerves are apophyses of the cerebrum and
cerebellum, not nerves.
5. The old man is the perfect man.
6 Materia Medica is to Hahnemann what Pathology was to Hippocrates.
7. Such as life i.s, is disease.
8. The rational system is not merely the better, but the only one in pathology.
9. I deny psychic^ diseases.
10. Any disease may be removed at any stage.
Hering- received his degree of doctor of medicine, surgery and obstetrics,
March 22, 1826. His medical examination was severe, doubly so because of
his known devotion to ' homoeopathy. From 1817 to 1826, the nine years
previous to graduation, Hering's life was that of a student. By his fellows
he was nicknamed "Wisent," from his studious habits. He was poor and
his privation.s were many. He first became interested in homoeopathy by
promising to write against it. His preceptor in the University of Leipsic,
Dr. J. Henry Robbi, who had been surgeon in the army of Napoleon and had
served in Larrey's ambulance, introduced Hering into practical surgery and
in 1820 made him one of his assistants. Baumgartner, the founder of a pub-
lishing hotise, wanted a book written against homoeopathy, for after Hahne-
mann was obliged to leave Leipsic to escape persecution it was thought that
homoeopathy would die out, but as this death seemed too slow this book was
intended to hasten the end. Robbi was offered the work but refused and
recommended his assistant. It was nearly completed when, in order to make
quotations, Hering was provided with Hahnemann's books. In the third vol-
ume of the "Materia Medica" he found the "nota bene for my critics." This
induced him to make experiments, and ended in convincing him of the truth
of homoeopathy. The book was never finished. An old friend, an apothe--
cary, was delighted that he was writing against homoeopathy, but when Her-
ing went to him one day for some peruvian bark, telling him he wished it
for a homoeopathic proving, his friend said, "My young friend, don't you know
there is danger in that?" Herins- replied that as he was a mathematician he
believed he could distinguish the true from the false. His old friends and
others now shunned him and said he was going crazy.
In making an autopsy Hering poisoned a finger, which soon became
gangrenous. Leeches, calomel and caustics were of no avail and aiuputation
was advised and rejected. He did not yet believe that external diseases could
be benefited by internal remedies and when an older practitioner of homoe-
opathy proposed to treat the hand with homoeopathic pellets, he ridiculed the
suggestion, but permitted him to give him some small doses of arsenic. The
wound soon began to heal. Hering said of this: "I owed to it far more
than the preservation of a finger. To Hahnemann, who had saved my finger,
I gave my whole hand, and to the promulgation of his teaching, not only my
hand, but the entire man. body and soul."
After graduation Hering became a teacher of natural sciences and mathe-
matics in the Blochmann Institute, an academy in Dresden for edticating
young noblemen. On recommendation of Blochmann, he was sent by the king
of Saxony on a botanical and zoological expedition to Surinam and Cayenne.
An old friend. Christo]:)he Weigcl, was appointed botanist to the exjjedition.
He remained in Sm-inam six years. While he pursued his naturalist work
he also practiced homteojiathy. He resided in the Moravian colony of Surimm
and had every opportunity to practice his profession. During his stav he
wrote letters and papers on homtieopathy for his friend Stapf, editor of the
HISTORY OF H0M(E01'ATHY
141
"Arcliiv fur die honioopathisliee Hcilkunst," a lioniceopathic journal of that
period. This offended the physician of the king^. and orders were sent from
the government to abandon his homoeopathy and to attend to his zoological
duties alone, and in future to avnd publishing such offensive articles. The
day after he received this letter Hering made up his accounts and sent them
with a letter resigning further connection with the governmental mission.
He then commenced the practice of homoeopathy in Paramaribo, at the same
time continued collecting specimens. This double pursuit he soon found too
much, and learning through a friend, George fjute, that an academy of natural
sciences had been founded in Philadelphia, and that Rev. Mr. Schweinitz, a
well known m\cologist, was a prominent member, he decided in 1830 to send
all his botonioal collections, mostly cry])togramic. and zoological collections
Hering's Lachesis bnaKc.
to this academy. He did so and became a corresponding meml^er. The life
of Constantine Hering m Guiana was interesting. He was a visitor to the
leper colony of Surinam, seeking to alleviate the terrible suffering, and his
observations there greatly enriched the therapeutics of leprosy. He studied
the habits and customs of the Creoles, mulattoes. negroes and Arrowackian
Indians. He penetrated deep into the trackless forest to meet this tribe,
and it was there he found the surukuku snake — the lachesis — whose atten-
uated venom has relieved many sick peoi)le since that time. While he was in
South America in July. 1828. Hering and his wife were living in a little camp
on the upper Amazon river, on the edge of the great tropical forests. The natives
were his assistants and had told him much of a deadly serpent living there and
142 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
he had offered them a reward for a live specimen. One day they brought in a
bamboo box, and then fled from the place. They had brought him a living
ghurukuku, the most venomous of their snakes. It was the lachesis trigon-
acephalus, or lance-headed viper. He and his wife were alone, and he was
about to risk life itself in order to obtam its venom. As the box was opened
he struck the snake a blow on the head, and then placed the head under a
forked stick and pressed out the poison on sugar of milk. The poison thus
obtained was for many years the only supply used in preparing the attenua-
tions of our lachesis. He brought the dead snake with him to the United
States and it is now preserved in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Phila-
delphia.
The ship in which Hering sailed from South America was old and badly
handled. She was bound for Salem, Mass., but went ashore on the Rhode
Island coast, and finally put in at Martha's Vineyard. Hering stepped ashore
on a Simday morning in January, 1833. On the ground lay snow, the first he
had seen in seven years. "I took it up," he said, "and was happy." He soon
went to Philadelphia, and there passed the rest of his life. Dr. Hering always
retained pleasant recollections of his life in South America. He kept the
golden piece, his first fee there, as a keep-sake and his son-in-law. Dr. Knerr,
still has it.
In Pennsylvania in 1833 there were ten physicians practicing homoe-
opathy, and of these, Drs. Bute, Ihm and Matlack were in Philadelphia. Bute
at once welcomed Hering, who became associated wath him in practice. Al-
though he had to fight bitter prejudice, it was not long before his skill gained
for him a large clientage. In the first year of his residence in the city he
married Marianne Hussman, daughter of George Hussman. Dr. Hering's
influence was at once felt. There was the faithful coterie in Northampton
county, Lx)uis Saynich was at Blossburg and Edward Mansa in Buffalo
township. Tiering was welcomed, and in that same year of 1833 there was
formed in Philadelphia the Hahnemannian Society. It was organized on
Hahnemann's birthday, April 10, 1833, but three months after. Hering reached
the city, and was composed of both physicians and laymen. On April 18, 1833,
Hering delivered a scholarlv address "A Concise View of the Rise and Prog-
ress of Homoeopathic Medicine," in which he gave an account of the life of
Hahnemann, his progressive discoveries in medicine and a lucid explanation
of the real principles underlying homoeopathy. He said : "May our benefi-
cent Society largely contribute to the wider prevalence and reception of the
Hahnemannian doctrines ; may that which single individuals can of them-
selves scarcely achieve be effectuated bv united efforts ; then in this blessed
country, may the miseries of disease be diminished, future generations be
rescued from its leaden fetters, the bitterest human misery — disease bearing
down all earthly joy become less from year to year and the sweetest boon on
earth — health and domestic felicity, become the portion of growing thousands.
* * * It will succeed here sooner than in Europe, for, among a free
people, who with practiced eyes, soon discern the truly useful, a treasure
like this new art must quickly be estimated in a degree commensurate with its
real value. * * * The American people demand facts and upon these we can
confidently and securely rest for our support. The language of opposition
may be employed against it, but truth is not long obscured here by forms of
speech. The victory will be ours, and in a century to come the anniversary
of our society, this first step on the way which must lead to the public and
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 143
general acknowledgment of the new doctrines will be solemnized with grate-
ful remembrance. So great an aim cannot be attained without labor, but we
are prepared to undertake it ; we shall not arrive at it without conflict, but we
stand equipped for conflict; we shall not reach it without defamation, but we
will suffer ridicule and defamation with composure."
Hering's address was published in German by Wesselhoeft, and was
translated into English by Matlack and published by the Hahnemannian Soci-
ety in 1833. It made a small octavo pamphlet of thirty pages, and was the
second homoeopathic publication printed in the United States. Having been
printed in German and English, and being largely circulated and extensively
John Henry Floto, ]\I. D.
noted and quoted by the public press, the address brought homoeopathy to the
notice of the people. Dr. Hering died in Philadelphia,"july 23, 1880. '
Dr. P. Scheurer was of the Allentown coterie. He was born in Lehigh
county, August 18, 1799, and labored in the ministry for fifty years. Ill health
induced him to read medical books and he acquired a knowledge regarding
the practice of medicine. In 1839 he became interested in homoeopathv and
afterward practiced successfully, devoting nearly all his time to it. He died
at Hanover, April 20, 1875.
In the list of directors of Allentown Academy appears the name John
Henry Floto. He also was a student and received a diploma. He went to
California and lived to enjoy the distinction of being the oldest homoeopathic
physician in the world, in January, 1896, the "Pacific Coast Journal of Homoe-
144 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
opathy" published his picture with the legend : "John H. Floto, the oldest
practicing- homeopathist in the world."
Christian Frederic Geist was a member of the Allentown Academy in
1836. He afterward practiced in Boston.
Another of the students of Allentown Academy was Charles Haeseler.
After graduation in 1836 he went to Lewistown in Lebanon county, where he
remained two years. He afterward settled in Poctsville.
Jacob Schmidt was a student at Allentown. He was born at Kreuznach,
Germany, June 29, 1813, came 10 the United States in 1836 and found em-
ployment in his profession as civil engineer. He was received by Hering as
a student in his office and member in his family. He remained three years,
having meanwhile attended lectures at the Pennsylvania College (allopathic),
and received a degree from the Allentown Academy. Dr. Schmidt located
in Baltimore.
GROWTH OF H0:\I0E01'ATHY IN PENNSYLVANIA.
While homoeopathy in New York was establishing itself through its cir-
cle of enthusiastic investigators, the band of earnest physicians at the new
homoeopathic school at Allentown were busily engaged in teaching the doc-
trines of similia, and it was gaining a strong foothold in Philadelphia and
certain towns throughout the state. The second epoch includes the period
between the establishment of Allentown Academ^• and the organization of the
American Institute of Homoeopathy, in 1844.
In January, 1833, when Hering reached Philadelphia, there were but the
two homoeopaths, >Ihm and Bute, in practice there. Dviring the year 1833
several physicians had begun to investigate. Dr. Matlack began practice
about the same time as Bute. In 1833 William Schmotde, a native of Ger-
many, came to Philadelphia and became a student and assistant of Bute's.
He graduated at the Allentown Academy and established a large practice in
the city, where he remained until 1844, when ht returned to Germany and
spent four years in studying special branches of medicine, especially pathology
and morbid anatomy, under Rokitansky and other pathologists. Returning
to Philadelphia, he assisted in organizing Penn Medical University in 1854.
Schmoele is said to have been one of the first men in this country to advo-
cate the germ theory of disease. After 1857 ^^^^ time was in part devoted to
business operations. The date of his death is unknown. In 1835 Drs. Jacob
Jeanes, Gideon Humphrey and Jonas Green, three allopathic physicians, joined
the homoeopathic ranks. Each began the investigation of homoeopathy on the
same day.
Dr. Jeanes was born in Philadelphia, October 4, 1800, and died December
18, 1877. '^^ 0"6 of the founders and faculty of the Homteopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania his professional life is made the subject of extended
mention in that connection, hence need not be repeated here.
Gideon Humphrey, the next of the three who embraced homoeopathy in
1835, was born at Simsbury, Conn., in the year 1776 or 1778. His parents
were of the ancient famil\- of Homfray of Normandy. At an early age he
lost his father and at fourteen he left home and made his wav on foot to
Fort Niagara to join his brother, ]\Iajor Enoch Humphrey of the army, who
was stationed there, and who in later years highly distinguished himself at
the battle of New Orleans. The country about the fort was almost a wilder-
ness and the bov arrived there shoeless and with bleedin*'- feet. He was too
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 145
young to be of service and spent the most of his time with the Indians, join-
ing them in hunting excursions and often sleepmg in the snow wrapped in
his blanket. After some years of wandering Hfe he dev(jted himself to the
study of medicuie in New York city, and graduated at Columbia College. He
afterward received appointments as surgeon on board various vessels, sailing:
to almost every part of the world ; was once captured at Havre, France, and
tried as a spy, but was acquitted. He visited the West Indies and was pres-
ent during the revolution of Santo Domingo, and was instrumental in saving
many of tlie planters fron: massacre. He joined the Miranda expeditioij in
1806, which, was intended to revolutionize a portion of South America, and
was appointed surgeon on the ship "Emperor." They were attacked by a
Spanish fleet and captured, with the exception of one or two small vessels,
on one of which he escaped and returned to New York, where he commenced
the practice of his profession ; but inducements were offered him to move
further south and he located in Delaware county, I'a. After residing many
years in Delaware county he went to Philadelphia. He soon became well
known and was celebrated for his great skill and success. As age began to
tax his powers, he wearied of city life and purchased a home on the confines
of Burlington, X. J., where he lived in almost total seclusion. Subsequently
he went to L5e\erly, \. J., where he passed the rest of his life, devoting his
time to reading, meditation and the cultivation of his grounds, for he was a
lover of nature. He gradually became blind. He continued the practice of
allopathy until 1834, when he became acquainted with Hering and was induced
to investigate homoeopathy. He resisted for some time, bvit being broad and
progressive in his views and an earnest seeker after truth, he was honest
in his trials and at last became a convert to Hahnemann's law and adopted it
in his extensive practice. He published an "Address to the Public on the
Regular Practice of Medicine" (Burlington, 1848), and edited "Ruoft''s Rep-
ertory," "Broackes on Constipation," and Curie's "Domestic Homoeopathy."
He died at Beverly, August 3, 1872, aged 94 years.
Of Jonas Green there is but little jecord. He practiced allopathy in
Philadelphia, and became interested in homoeopathy in 1835. In 1836 he
published a pamphlet of 24 pages, "A Familiar Exposition of Homoeopathia,
or a Xew Aiode of Curing Diseases." After explaining the new doctrme he
says: "For years after 1 first heard of homoeop'athia, I had no knowledge of
its doctrines, except that which I obtained through the distorted medium of
the English medical journals. The ridicule there cast upon it by ignorant and
interested writers at that time produced upon my mind, warped as it was by
prejudice, a conviction of its utter worthlessness and folly. Time rolled on
and the subject was forgotten only w'hen my attention was called to it by
relations of alleged cures performed by homoeopathic practitioners ; the cause
oi which I was willing to attribute to chance, to nature, to any thing rather
than to homoeopathia. At length, however, some of my personal friends, who,
I knew had long labored under severe indisposition and who had sought the
aid of the most distinguished members of the faculty, not only in vain, but
whose disease had been aggravated when under their treatment, had recourse
to homoeopathia, and with benefit. An accumulation of similar facts which
could be solved only by an admission of the efficacy of the new treatment
left m.e no alternative and I determined to investigate the principles of this
wonder working power. I accordingly experimented upon my own person,
being then in a state of health, and found to my surprise that I was very
146
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
sensibly affected by the small doses. Still doubting, however, the issue of the
first experiment, I repeated it again and again with similar results. Two
or three of my friends about the same time took the same article and acknowl-
edged that they were also affected, some slightly, others more severely accord-
ing to their different susceptibilities. The evidence of such facts I could no
longer resist, though I had cherished in advance a strong desire to disprove
the truth of the doctrine. My next step was to try the medicines upon the
sick ; an opportunity soon offered, I studied the symptoms carefully, selected
the remedy according to the directions of the system, and had the pleasure of
witnessing a complete recovery. This was fhe case of a young lady who had
suffered from re]x"ated attacks of Fever and Ague, which from time to time I
Charles Neidhard, M. D.
had removed by the use of sulphate of quinine. On this occasion, however,
being the third time she had relapsed, J. administered two or three doses of
China, which effected a permanent cure, as more than a year has elapsed and
she has had no return of the disease. The cure could not be attributed to the
force of the imagination as the patient knew nothing of my plan of treatment.
An equally wonderful instance of the power possessed by aconite in reducing
arterial action and febrile excitement, occurred in the case of a young man
of very full habit to whom I was called one evening and was informed that
during the preceding night he had been restless and delirious, getting no sleep,
during the day he had much heat and fever, and was becoming every moment
worse, pain in the head violent, pulse full and quick with great force, thirst
intolerable, face flushed and much heat in the head. To this patient I fur-
nished a dose of aconite, ordering it to be dissolved in three or four table-
spoonfuls of water, one to be given every two or three hours until relieved;
after the second dose the fever subsided, the heat abated, he fell into a gentle
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 147
sleep which continued till late in the morning. When I visited him next day
all the unfavorable symptoms had subsided and he was about to walk out,
nor did they ever return." Dr. Green was an original member of the Amer-
ican Institute of Homoeopathy. He practiced in Philadelphia, where he died
December 25, 1868.
In 1836 Dr. Charles Neidhard came to Philadelphia and Dr. G. S. F.
Pfeiffer settled in Germantown. Drs. Jacob Lentz, Caleb B. Matthews,
George Lingcn and Richard Gardiner were added to the homoeopathic pro-
fession in Philadelphia in the same year. Reminiscences of the professional
life of Dr. Neidhard may be found in the history of the Homceopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania, in which he was a conspicuous factor.
Of Dr. G. S. F. Pfeiffer little is known. He removed to Philadelphia in
1837 and in 1846 was still living in that city.
There is but meagre record of Dr. George Lingen. He embraced homoe-
opathy in 1836, and about that time engaged in the sale of homoeopathic med-
icines. In 1848 he v/as located at Yellow Springs, Pa. Later he went south.
Dr. Malcolm Macfarlan says that Dr. Lmgen was practicing homoeopathy at
Mobile in 1862-63. He was a German of fine education with a taste for the
arts. He died in 1868 at the age of fifty years.
Of Dr. Jacob Lentz there is no record. He embraced homoeopathy in
1836, practiced in Philadelphia, and died in 1841. He was a member of the
Homoeopathic Society in 1838.
Dr. James Kitchen, of Welsh descent, was born in Philadelphia March
8, 1800. His early education was acquired in a private school kept by a Mr.
Robinson. Later he prepared for college at a boarding school at Newtown,
Pa. While there he became acquainted with Dr. William S. Helmuth. He
entered the academic department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1817,
receiving the degree of A. B. in 1819. He at once entered the medical
department imder the preceptorship of Dr. Thomas A. Hewson, and gradu-
ated in 1822. Soon after he went abroad, spending two years in travel and
study in England, Scotland, Holland and France. In Paris he listened to
Laennec as he demonstrated the use of the stethoscope, then just invented by
him ; walked the wards of the hospital with Dupuytren, who made his visits
before breakfast in dressing gown and slippers ; and attended the lectures of
Larray, army surgeon to Napoleon, of Broussais and other eminent medical
men. He returned to Philadelphia in 1824 and opened an office next door
to his father's house. His first year of practice yielded $40.00 ; the next year,
$80.00. Finding little encouragement in Philadelphia, Dr. Kitchen determined
to settle in New Orleans. His trunks were packed and the da}- fixed for de-
parture, when his father was taken suddenly sick, and after a short illness
died. Before his death his son promised him that he would remain in Phila-
delphia and care for his mother and sisters. The trunks were unpacked, he
opened an office in his father's house and assumed the responsibility of the
head of a family. Though Dr. Kitchen never married he was always at
the head of a large household and a large family of relatives looked to him
for support and counsel. For sixty-six years his sisters, nephews, nieces,
grandnephews and nieces received his fatherly devotion, and all of them
honored their "Uncle Doctor" Kitchen. His business and influence now rap-
idly increased. He was placed in charge of the quarantine station in 1831
and was post physician from 1832 to 1836.
Dr. Kitchen's attention was called to homoeopathy in 1836, and having
148 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
made a test of its medicine and treatment, he was so pleased with the result
that in 1839, after fifteen years practice of allopathy, he formally became a
homcEopathic practitioner. He was a ready writer and contributed many valu-
able articles to the journals. In 1828 he translated from the French Bouil-
lard's "Treatise on Rheumatism," and in 1841 made a translation of Jahr's-
"Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia," which was for some time the standard text-
book of homoeopathic pharmacy. In its introduction he gave his reasons for
embracing homoeopathy. He was one of the corporators of the Homoeopathic
College in 1848, and took a lively interest in that institution. He was one of
the editors of the "Philadelphia Journal of Homoeopathy." He practiced
medicine over seventy years. After an attack of cholera in 1832, and of ship
fever in 1847, he had a severe attack of malarial fever in 1877, after which he-
was obliged to decline night calls. From July, 1893, he was confined to his
room and kept his bed six months prior to his death, which occurred August
19, 1894. When celebrating his ninety-first birthday he said : "When I was
born Philadelphia was a town of 70,000 people, and now I have seen an in-
crease of over a million."
In 1840 there were several accessions to the homoeopathic ranks, among
them being Drs. William S. Helmuth, Coburn Whitehead, Bernard Bernes and
Samuel R. Dubs. Mention of Dr. Helmuth will be found in the history of the ,
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Samuel Richard Dubs was born in Philadelphia, November 8, 181 1, and
was educated in the public and high schools of that city. At the age of sixteen-
he was placed in a drug store, where he remained for a year without pay.
In 1829 he entered the ofifice of Prof. Charles D. Meigs and attended a par-
tial course of lectures in the medical department of the Pennsylvania Univer-
sity. Being thrown on his own resources, he bought a drug store on credit
and conducted it so successfully that he was able to continue his studies and'
graduate in 1836. For three years Dr. Dubs practiced allopathy and then
was prostrated for months with haemoptysis. When recovered sufficiently to-
walk about he still suffered with a cough and gastromalacia. Obtaining no
relief from allopathy, and having studied Hahnemann's Organon and Materia
Medica, he tried nux vomica, following it with doses of sulphur, and was
cured. He then adopted the system. He continued in active practice until
in 1858 when he had another attack of haemoptysis and retired to his farm
in Doylestown, where he remained for two years quietly. Pie was then
induced to practice in the neighborhood. In 1868 he returned to Philadelphia
to practice, remaining until 1872, when he was obliged to return to Doyles-
town on account of his health. He died at Doylestown, December 26. 1889,
in his seventy-eighth year. In 1839 and 1840 Dr. Dubs first advised the use-
of the decimal scale in preparing medicines instead of the Hahnemannian
centesimal. He was one of the founders of the American Institute, a mem-
ber of the Prover's Union, and a corporator of the Philadelphia Homoeopathic-
College. He married, first, in 1866, Adelaide Ross, and after her death, Marv
E. Wolfe.
Joseph Bcrens adopted homoeopathy in 1841. He was born' in Eslohe,,
Westphalia, December 2, 1813. Plis early education was obtained in Germany.
In 1840 he attended lectures in the medical department of the Pennsylvania
College, and graduated in March 2, 1841. IDuring his young life Dr. Berens
was subjected to much heroic treatment, saw its effects in his family and was-
led by the unsatisfactory methods of the old school to turn to homoeopathy.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 149
He first practiced it in Cincinnati, but soon returned to Philadelphia, where
he died.
Dr. Bernard Bcrens began the practice of homoeopathy in Philadelphia
in 1840. He joined the institute in 1846. But little is found regarding him.
He died in Philadelphia, May 15, 1886.
Moses Anderson practiced homoeopathy in Philadelphia in the forties,
and his name is given in the list of Philadelphia homoeopathists published in
the transactions of the institute for 1846. He died April 18, 1855.
Dr. Coburn Whitehead established himself in Philadelphia as a homoe-
opathic physician in 1840. and went from there to Harrisburg. His name
appears as a member of the American institute in the transactions for 1846.
At that time he was located in Harrisburg.
James Kitchen, M. D.
G. Eiliger, a native of Strasburg. Germany, introduced homoeopathy in
Germantown about 1845. He traveled in the stage coach from Philadelphia
to Bethlehem, stopping at towns on the way one day each week. Afterward
he passed half of his time in Philadelphia and the other half in Germantown.
During the years between 1828 and 1844, which comprise the first epoch
■of homoeopathy in Pennsylvania, the new school had become established in
many towns in the state. As early as 1832 Dr. Lewis Saynisch, a German,
highly educated and a graduate of medicine from a German university, lo-
cated at Blossburg, Tioga county. He had met Hahnemann shortly after
graduating, and during a discussion with him had become convinced of the
truths of the new law of cure. After coming to America he was for a time
150 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
associated in practice with Carl Ihm in Philadelphia, and he was considered
the best physician in that part of the state. His practice extended into New
York and he was often called to visit the sick in Buffalo, Albany, Utica,
Syracuse, and other places in that state as well as in northern Pennsylvania.
He died in 1857.
In 1832 or 1833 Dr. Edward Mansa came from Germany and settled in
Buffalo township, Armstrong county, where he began practice. He remained
there until 1857, then went to Illinois and from there to Missouri, where he
died in 1870. He was succeeded by Dr. S. Simpkins, an allopath, who in
1859 settled at Slate Lick and was obliged to study homoeopathy, so great was
the demand for homoeopathic remedies. His practice was of either school,
as the people desired. He died in 1871, and Was succeeded by his student,
Dr. A. D. Johnson, who was a graduate of the Cleveland Homoeopathic Col-
lege in 1868.
Dr. Edward Caspari located at Prestonville, now called West Grove,
Chester county, as early as 1835. He had been a student under Hering. He
remained there but a short time, going thence to Kentucky.
Dr. Francis Ehrmann introduced homoeopathy into Carlisle, Cumber-
land county, in 1835, remaining there until 1844.
Rev. Christian J. Becker who had been a director of the Allentown Acad-
emy practiced at Harrisburg for a short time in 1839 or 1840.
Dr. Walter Williamson mtroduced homoeopathy into Delaware county
in 1836. Dr. Manning B. Roche was its second practitioner. He settled near
Darby in 1839, remaining for three years when he went to New Bedford,
Mass., introducing homoeopathy into that city in 1841. Dr. Roche was born
in Wilmington, Del., in 1790, -graduated at Princeton College, and in medi-
cine at the Allentown Academy. He retired from practice in 1861 and died
at Riverside, N. J., July 8, 1863, aged seventy-three years.
Dr. Alvan E. Small of Maine located as an allopath at Darby in 1840
and became a homoeopath in 1842. He practiced there until 1845. when he
went to Philadelphia.
Flomoeopathy was introduced into several counties about this period by
Dr. C. G. Reinhold. He was born in Muhlhausen, Germany, November 8,
1802, and was educated at Leipsic. While a medical student in Leipsic he
became intimately acquainted with a disciple of Hahnemann, from whom he
first heard of homoeopathy and with whom he studied that medical system.
He practiced for several years at Muhlhausen. In 1830 he came to the United
States and began to practice homoeopathy in Philadelphia, and was associated
with Dr. Carl Ihm for a time. He remained in Philadelphia until 1834, when
he went to Lebanon, remaining in that town until 1836, and from there went
to Harrisburg and associated himself with Dr. Becker. They dissolved part-
nership in the spring of 1838, at which time Dr. Reinhold removed to Mifflin,
Juniata county, where he remained until 1840 and then located at Lewistown.
He practiced nine years in Lewistown and then went to Boalsburg in Centre
county, locating in 1849 ^"d remaining there until 1858. In 1864. with his
son, Hahnemann E. Reinhold. he settled at Williamsport, where he died from
over-exertion, June 28, 1865, aged sixty-three years. Dr. Reinhold did much
to introduce homoeopathy in a number of towns. In all the places where Ik
settled he was obliged to submit to ridicule, slurs, and jeers at homoeopathy ;
but he gained a large practice. While at Boalsburg his professional circuit
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 151
was extensive. He frequently was called to Mifflin and Lewistown and into
Huntington, Perry, Montour, Union and Northumberland counties.
Dr. Frederick Ehrmann was a physician of Wurtemburg, Germany, and
the son of a physician. He had five sons, all of whom became homoeopathic
physicians. They were Benjamin, Frederick, Christian, Louis and Ernest
Ehrmann. Dr. Ehrmann, the father, came with his family to Pennsylvania
and settled in York county about 1833. The Ehrmanns were important fac-
tors in the introduction of homoeopathy into various towns. Benjamin, when
he reached this country, was twenty-one. He soon joined the Allentown
circle and graduated from that institution. After graduation he settled in
Harrisburg and there in 1842 married Elizabeth Bigler. ' About 1845 he intro-
Alvan E. Small, M. D.
duced homoeopathy into Lancaster county, settling in Lancaster, w^here he
remained for a few months, and then went to Cincinnati. Francis Ehrmann
(or Frederick) located at Carlisle, Cumberland county, about 1845. He later
went to Maryland. Ernest J. Ehrmann studied medicine with his father and
located in Liverpool, York county, being the first homoeopathic practitioner
there.
In 1840 Dr. Alexander H. Burrett introduced homoeopathy into Craw-
ford county, at Guy's Mills. He also practiced for several years at Conneaut-
ville. removing from there to Cincinnati and thence to New Orleans.
Dr. Charles Baver, a native of Wurtemburg, located in Allegheny City
in 1841 or 1842. He had been educated for the ministry at Tubingen, but
had decided to study medicine. He is said to have been retired in manner
152
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
and especially devoted to the materia medica. In the winter of 1865, while
going home from a professional visit, he fell on the ice, his injuries proving
fatal in a few days.
In 1834 Dr. Adolph Bauer established himself in Lynn township. He
received a diploma from the Allentown Academy and afterward went west.
Dr. Ezra Fell commenced the practice of homoeopathy at Norristown,
Montgomery county, in 1842. In 1840 one Dr. Wauke had located at Trappe
in the northern part of the county and was very successful as a practitioner.
Dr. Fell continued in ])ractice in Norristown until 1848, when he was suc-
ceeded by Dr. Thomas Pierce.
Dr. William P. Esrev practiced for a short time in Norristown, about
1845.
' Joseph IJercns, M. D.
Dr. Josei)h II. Pulie, who had been one of tlie professors at the Allen-
town Academy. |)raclice(l for a short time at Troxlertown, Northampton
county.
As has been stared, Dr. Edward Caspari practiced for a short time in
West Grove in 1835. After he left there was no homoeopathic physician in
the county of Chester until 1840, when Dr. Robert May settled in Warwick
township, near Warwick h\irnacc. where he had been a practitioner of allop-
athy since his graduation from the University of Pennsylvania in 1822.
Dr. May said: "I ceased to use calomel and the lancet and finally gave it up
altogether, being fully convinced of its absurdities. I used for a short time
after this Thompsonian or the botanic practice, but I also gave that up. I
then took a trip to the west. After my return I heard of the system of homoe-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY
153
opathy and determined to inquire into its truthfulness. Accordingly, I went
to Philadelphia and visited Dr. Williamson and others. I purchased books
and medicines, and ever since have been an earnest advocate of its truths."
During Dr. May's residence at Warwick he lectured in various places on
homoeopathy. While at Warwick he married ; his wife had studied medicine
and also practiced to some extent before and after the death of her husband,
January 26, 1867.
In 1841 or 1842 Dr. Adolph Lippe introduced the system of Hahnemann
to the people of Reading', 1 Jerks county. He remained there but a year or
two when his place was taken by a Dr. Moore, who after a sojourn of two
years renaoved to Philadelphia. Dr. Caspari practiced for a few months at
Reading in 1843. Dr. Ezekiel Lovejoy was the pioneer in Bradford county,
as early as 1841. His professional life,
however, was more active in Owego,
New York. Leonard Pratt located at
Towanda previous to 1851. Homoeop-
athy was introduced into Union county
hy Dr. Ignatius Brugger, who located
at New Berlin in 1838.
Dr. J. Stuart Leech, after studying
luedicine at Pittsburgh, graduated in
1 841 at the Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia. He settled that fall to
practice allopathy in Downington, thirty
miles from Philadelphia. He became a
friend of William Dowming, who had re-
cently been made a convert by the cure
of a daughter after the local physicians
had failed. One evening Dr. Leech, go-
ing to his house, made the remark :
" Well, old Mother Juniner must die to-
night or to-morrow." She was a very
old negress suffering with asthma and
lived on a hill back of the town. She had
been turned over to the young physician
bv three old ones, as a hopeless case.
ITien said Mr. Downing, " Why not
try some homoeopathic remedies ? It can
do no harm, can it? " Dr. Leech thought it could do neither harm nor good but
he was induced to give some pellets of arsenicum from Mr. Downing's domes-
tic case. He gave her half the contents of the bottle during the night and the
aggravation nearly killed her, but the next day she was better and soon per-
fectly recovered. Dr. Leech returned to Philadelphia, gained all the informa-
tion possible about homoeppathy and returned to Downington in 1842 to prac-
tice it. He soon established a very large and lucrative business. He was born
in 1811.
The first person to use homoeopathic medicines in Lebanon county was
a Mr. J. C. Reisner, who in 1835 prescribed them for his neighbors and others.
Dr. Benjamin Becker settled in the town in 1835, but remained only a few
months. In 1840 Dr. John Hatton Marsden introduced homoeopathy in Adams
county. He was at the time a clergyman located at York Sulphur Springs.
G. Reichhelm, M. D.
154 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
He afterward regularly studied and graduated. In 1845 Dr. Ehrmann, of
Carlisle, treated certain cases, and one Jacob Bender, with a box of medicines
and a book, practiced gratuitously among his neighbors.
In 1853 Dr. Thomas Bryan introduced homoeopathy in Beaver county,
locating at New Sheffield. Dr. Pretsch was the first pioneer in Blair county,
settling at Hollidaysburg. A Catholic priest first brought homoeopathy to
Butler county, about 1854, being stationed at Saxonburg. In 1864 Dr. Max
J. Werder located at Johnstown, Cambria county. Dr. J. Crowley Bunting
located at Mauch Chunk, Carbon county, in 1855. Dr. C. G. Rheinhold intro-
duced it into Centre county in 1849. Dr. F. S. Smith settled in Clinton county
in 1859, being the first homoeopathist there, locating at Lockhaven. Dr. J.
C. Rutter settled at Bloomsburg, Columbia county, in 1855. Dr. S. Marvin
settled at Springfield. Erie county, in 1848. Dr. Alonzo Potter Bowie set-
tled as the first homoeopathist in Fayette county, at Uniontown. Dr. J.
Gourhea, in 1876, was the only practitioner of the system in Green county. In
Huntington county Dr. Wiestling was in 1859 the homoeopathic practitioner.
In Indiana county Dr. W. Hunter was the pioneer, located at Blairsville. In
Jefiferson county Dr. R. S. Hunt was the pioneer, located at Brockville. Drs.
Samuel Searles and David C. Porter as early as 1848 located at New Castle,
Lawrence county. In 1865 Dr. G. T. Moore located in Mercer county. In
Montour county a Dr. Scott was the pioneer, located at Danville. In Venango
county Dr. I. W. Pond was the pioneer ; in Warren county. Dr. Samuel Adams
Robinson ; in Washington county. Dr. George Inglis ; in Wayne county, Dr.
Edwin West, at Honesdale. in 1849; i^ Westmoreland county. Dr. F. X.
Spranger, who located at GreensBurg in 1861.
HOMOEOPATHY WEST OF THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS.
In the summer of 1837 the Rev. Father Byer, a Catholic clergyman sta-
tioned in Pittsburgh, having learned of the advantages of homoeopathy, wrote
a letter to Dr. Hermg, then at Allentown, asking him to send a homoeopathic
practitioner to the city beyond the Alleghenies. Hering presented this re-
quest to some of the younger of the men attending his post-graduate school
at Allentown, and among those asked to consider this call was Gustavus
Reichhelm, a young and enthusiastic Prussian, who had learned the princi-
ples of homoeopathy from Wesselhoeft, Hering and others of the Allentown
faculty. ,
Gustavus Reichhelm came to America in the autumn of 1834 and became
acquainted with Hering and his followers. He was born at Alt Damm, a
village near Stettin in Prussia, January 30, 1807. He and his brother Fred-
erick began their studies at the preparatory gymnasium. Their father died
January 30, 1816. Gustavus remained at the gymnasium until ready to enter
the University of Halle, where he applied himself to the study of jurispru-
dence, but soon changed to medicine. He continued his medical studies at
Berlin. The Allentown Academy had just been opened when he reached
Pennsylvania, and he entered as a student of homoeopathy. He had already
commenced to practice at Hamburg, Pa., when the request came from Pitts-
burgh. To leave this medical brotherhood and to go out into what then was
the wilderness of an unknown region seemed a difficult undertaking ; but
when Hering urged him to accept he said, "Give me five minutes to think of
it," and before the time of deliberation was passed he had decided to make
the journey.
HISTORY OF HOMCF.OPATHY
155
Dr. Reichhclm was gladly received by Father Byer and the few others
who believed in the new method. He began his work in Pittsburgh October
lo, 1837. He was known at first as the "Dutch Doctor," and the "Sugar-
powder Doctor," and he was denounced by the old school physicians, ostra-
cised by the clergy and boycotted by the druggists, but he went his way quiet-
ly, making cures and gaming friends among the people. He was employed as
attending physician at the Catholic Orphan Asylum and the cures he made
there attracted much attention. During twelve years under his administra-
tion, with several epidemics of measles, whooping cough and scarlet fever,
there were but two deaths in the institution. It is said that more children
died within one year after Reichhelm was superseded by an allopathic physi-
Benj. Becker
cian than during the whole term of his service. The change of doctors was
made because the institution had passed into control of another order of
sisters, who knew nothing of homoeopathy and preferred a Catholic medical
attendant. When the physicians found that ridicule failed to check the new
practice they resorted to slander. Two prominent allopaths circulated a mali-
cious report. A respectful but prompt demand was made for retraction. One
physician offered an explanation but the other ignored Reichhelm's note. A
suit for damages was brought and friends of the parties effected a compro-
mise. For eight years Reichhelm was alone in Pittsburgh, until 1845, when
Dr. Charles Bayer located at Allegheny City, on the other side of the river.
Dr. Reichhelm remained in Pittsburgh until 1853. when he went to Phila-
delphia, where he practiced until his death, which occurred November 21,
156 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1861. Dr. Dake thus describes him: "Reichhehn was finely educated, of
commanding presence, self reHant, of few words, and always cheerful and
kind." He was a strong figure in the army of the stalwart pioneers of homoe-
opathy in America.
Benjamin Becker, born in Sumneytown, Montgomery county. Pa., March
22, 1796, was a son of Dr. J. J. Becker, a German, who came to this country
in 1775. When fifteen years old young Becker assisted his father in preparing
medicines, and also in minor surgical operations, and often went with him
to the bedside. After his father's death, in 1813, he wished to continue his
studies, but having no means was obliged to work for several years to earn
them. In 1819 he attended his first course at the University of Pennsyl-
vania. In 1820 he settled at Lyneville, Lehigh county, and soon had a good
practice. In 1824 he moved to Hamburg, near the line of the Schuylkill canal,
then being excavated, and soon had a large practice from the accidents and
the malarial fevers prevalent there. In an epidemic of dysentery that fol-
lowed, Dr. Becker by his novel methods of practice was very successful. In
1833 he was appointed steward, physician and clerk of the Schuylkill county
poorhouse. In July, 1835, he removed to Orwigsburg, where on account of
some remarkable cures of which he had heard, he became interested in homoe-
opathy and finally adopted it. He now had to undergo the customary ridi-
cule, sarcasm and proscription that always befell the conscientious seeker after
medical truth, but his practice increased so rapidly and he had so many calls
to Lebanon, that he decided to move there. He soon had an extensive prac-
tice in many neighboring towns. He thus introduced homoeopathy into Leb-
anon, Harrisburg, Dauphin, Lancaster, York, Cumberland, Perry, Snyder,
Juniata, Northumberland and Luzerne counties. In 1839 he removed his
family to Orwigsburg, surrendered his practice to his associate, and during
the next seven years traveled in the west; and in five successive journies he
practiced homoeopathy in Ohio, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Cali-
fornia, Colorado and Utah. In 1866 he received a degree from the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania.
Dr. Ignatius Brugger, who first located in New Berlin, was born at
Uper-Eichsel, Ober Amt Schopheim, in the grand duchy of Baden, July 31,
1809. His father died when he was two years old. He attended day school
until he was eleven years of age, then was obliged to work for a farmer,
remaining with him until he was fifteen. He then received several months
tuition in German, Latin and French from a teacher in Rheinfelden, Switzer-
land. In November, 1826, he entered the gymnasium at Freiburg, remaining
until 1827. He then studied at the lyceum at Constance, Baden, for two and
a half years, when he went to the University of Freiburg, attending lectures
in philosophy, medicine, surgery and obstetrics until April, 1834, when he
came to' America and arrived in New York in October, 1834. He at once
sought Dr. Detwiller of Hellerstown, Pa., who received him kindly and invited
him to study homoeopathy with him and assist him in practice. He accepted,
remaining with Detwiller for several months and then commenced practice
in Bucks county, near OuakertoWn, but soon removed to Skippacksvillc, and
from there to Philadelphia. In January, 1838, he located in New Berlin, where
he remained until 1856, when he settled at Lewisburg and was for two years
associated with Dr. J. F. Harvey. In January, 1842, he married Mary M.
Smith of Berlin. The date of his death is unknown.
William P. Esrey was the oldest son of Josejih b'srey of Maple town-
IIIS'IUKV (JF iiUMcJ-JJl'ATHY
] J7
ship, Delaware county, and was born in 1818. In 1841 he commenced the
study of medicine with Dr. Walter Williamson and graduated at Jefferson
Medical College in 1844. After graduating he remained for some months
Avith Dr. Williamson in order to obtain a more thorough knowledge of homoe-
opathy. He then went to Norristowri, but was soon afterward summoned
back to Philadelphia by his preceptor as an assistant. After a year he opened
an office for himself in the city. He joined the institute in 1846. He was
the author of a work on anatomy and physiology, and also compiled a reper-
tory to the materia medica of American provings, which was published as part
of the transactions of the American Institute of Homoeopathy. He also trans-
lated several works from the German into English. He died in Philadelphia'
September 28. 1854.
Obadiah C. Buckley, A
Dispensaries. The following homoeopathic dispensaries have been estab-
lished in Pennsylvania : Allegheny City Free Dispensarv, organized, April,
1875; Allentown Homeopathic Dispensary, opened in 1884; Chester Homoe-
opathic Dispensary, 1882 ; Dispensary of Children's Homoeopathic Hospital
of Pennsylvania. April 24, 1877; Dispensary of Children's Homoeopathic
Hospital of Philadelphia. June 20. 1877; Dispensary of Little Wanderer's
Home, Philadelphia, 1870; Frankford Homoeopathic Dispensary; Free Dis-
pensary of Homoeopathic Medical Societv of Twenty-third Ward, Philadel-
phia, 1882; Germantown Homoeopathic Dispensary, July 20, 1869; Hahne-
mann Medical College Dispensary, 1867; Hahnemann Medical College and
Hospital Dispensary; Homoeopathic Hospital Dispensary, Philadelphia, 1869;:
158
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Homoeopathic Infirmary of Philadelphia, 1859; Homoeopathic Dispensary of
Southeastern Philadelphia, Novemher 14, 1859; Johnstown Homoeopathic Dis-
pensary, 1889; Northeastern Homoeopathic Dispensary, 1874; Philadelphia
Homoeopathic Dispensary, 1848; Philadelphia Homoeopathic Eye, Ear, Throat
and Surgical Dispensary ; Pittsburgh Homoeopathic Hospital Dispensary,
1866; Reading Homoeopathic Medical and Surgical Dispensary, 1887; Ridge
Avenue Homoeopathic Dispensary, Philadelphia.
J. G. Wesselhoeft was the first to sell homoeopathic books and medicines
in Pennsylvania. As early as 1833 he was located on Broad street in Phila-
delphia. Dr. George Lingen sold homoeopathic supplies, and they were also
Obadiah C. Brickley, U. 1).
sold at the Academical book store in Allentown. Jacob Behlert made cases
for Hering's domestic physician. In 1838 Dr. John Tanner returned from
Leipsic, where he had been a student of the Leipsic Homoeopathic Pharmacy,
and opened the United States Homoeopathic Pharmacy at No. 104 Chestnut
street, Philadelphia. Dr. Gideon Humphrey sold homeopathic medicines,
as also did Dr. Jonas Green. About 1835 Mr. William Radde, clerk to Mr.
Wesselhoeft, went to New York city, taking possession of that branch of
his business. Not long after Mr. Radde bought out the Philadelphia interests.
In 1843 Mr. Charles L. Rademacher opened a pharmacy at No. 39 North
Fourth street. In 1848 Dr. Jacob Sheek became his partner and they located
at 239 Mulberry street (now No. 635 Arch street). Mr. Rademacher with-
drew in 1855 Dr. Sheek continued the business until his death in 1858.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
159
William Radde, Jr., son of William Radde, bought Dr. Sheek's stock, con-
tinuing in the same place until his death in 1862. Dr. Francis E. Boericke
succeeded him. at the same location. In 1869 Dr. Boericke formed a partner-
ship with Mr. Adolph J. Tafel, under the firm name of Boericke & Tafel.
In 1852 Matthews and Houard opened a pharmacy at Eighth and Spruce
streets. The pharmacy afterward passed into the hands of Dr. Boericke.
There have been several others engaged in the sale of homoeopathic medicines
in Philadelphia. At present there are the firms of Boericke & Tafel, Boericke
and Runyon, and Mr. Carl Vischer.
Homo'opafhic physicians in Philadelphia and Pennsylvania previous to
i860. The date preceding the name indicates the year the physician began
the practice of homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner
originally was of some other school ; the character x indicates that phvsician
practiced medicine before the date given.
PHILADELPHIA.
1856
Aldey, John H.
1856
1846
Anderson, Moses x
1857
1852
Ashton, Adolphus H.
1835
1846
Bell, Sanford x
1835
1840
Berens, Bernard
18.9
I84I
Berens, Joseph
1848
1856
Brooks, Silas Swift *
1855
1857
Brown, T. x
1H57
1857
Burdett, S. D. x
1835
185s
Bunting, Thomas Crowell
1857
1857
Campton, C. B. x
18S3
1857
Climte, J. C. x
1846
1853
Cowley, David
1837
1845
Coxe, John Redman, Jr.
1847
1855
Cresson, Charles C.
1857
1839
Dubs, Samuel Richard *
1857
1857
Duhring, George H. x
1856
1852
Duffield, Henry
1851
1855
Earhart, Jacob R.
1836
1857
Elder, W. x
1846
1857
Evans, R. T. x
1836
1844
Esrey, William P.
1838
1847
Fellger, Adolph *
1844
1837
Freedley, Samuel *
1856
1850
Frost, James H. P.
1856
1855
Gallagher, Joseph H.
1832
1855
Geary. John Fitzgibbon
1836
1836
Gardiner, Richard *
1852
1843
Gardiner. William A.
1857
1846
Geib, William x
1857
1857
Cause, Owen Beverly
1849
1857
Gilman, J. B. x
1856
1857
Greenbank, J. x
1854
1844
Guernsey, Henry Newell
1853
1853
Gumpert, B. Barton
1836
1853
Helmuth, William Tod
1837
1830
Helmuth, William Sheaff *
T846
1840
Hempel, Charles Julius
1857
1826
Hering. Constantine *
1840
I85I
Houard. John Gustavus
1837
1858
Hitchens, Peter S.
i8so
T857
Houghton, C J. X
1852
Houghton, John S.
Huber, A. x
Humphrey, Gideon
Hussman, F. C.
Ihm, Carl
James, Davis *
James, Richard S.
James, Bushrod Washington
Jeanes, Jacob *
Johnson, J. x
Johnston, Edward R.
Kern, B. F. x
Kitchen, James *
Koch, August Wilhelm
Koeifier, E. x
Kreeger, G. H. x
Leech. Charles A.
Lee, John K.
Lcntz, Jacob
Leon, Alexis x
Lingen, George
Lippe, Adolph
Loomis, Joseph G. *
McAllister, James Mairs
McClatchey, Robert John
Matlack, Charles F. *
Matthews, Caleb Bentley
Metcalfe. William
Middleton, R. S. x
Miles, Dr. x
Moore, Thomas *
Morgan, John Coleman
Murphy, William
Musgrave, John Freedley
Neidhard, Charles *
Nuncy. C x
Pehrson, J. G. G. x
Pearson, S. A. x
Powers, W. R. *
Pfeiffer, George S. F.
Raue, Charles Gottleib
Randel, John Massey
160
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1852
1S35
1S46
1833
1846
1846
1844
1846
i84Jt
1839
1857
1857
1857
1857
1838
1857
1852
1856
1857
1851
1 845
1857
1855
1854
1855
1857
[850
1837
1843
1857
1835
1832
1845
1845
1857
t854
r86i
[852
1858
[846
1.855
1857
1857
r838
1853
t855
1854
1857
1840
[833
[857
1831
1833
1835
1858
1854
1857
1859
1853
Reed, William Ashton
Reichhelm, Gustavus
Schmoele, Henry x
Schmoele, William
Schaeffer, Casper x
Schwartz, Gustavus x
Sims. Francis *
Smith. Edward M. x
Small. Alvan Edmond
Semple, Malthew
Sheek, Jacob F. x
Simons, W. J. x
Stecks, J. X
Stiles, William x
Tanner, John
Thomas R. W. x
Tindall, Daniel M.
1S51 Toothaker, Charles Everett
1856 Thomas, Amos Russell
1848 Vinal, L. G. x
1855 Ward, John Augustine
1838 Ward, Isaac Moreau
1841 Ward, Walter x
1857 Watson, James L. x
1846 Weick, John M. *
1840 Whitehead, Coburn
i8_|5 Williams, George Cushman x
1856 Williams, John Henry
1S36 Williamson, Walter *
1S57 Williamson, Walter Martin
1846 Withey, Samuel J. x
185s Wolfe, George
1857 Wright, W. R. X
PENNSYLVANIA.
Aldey, J. H. Reading 1846
Acker, E. x B'reeport 1857
Armor, Smith Columbia 1853
Armstrong, John * Carlisle 1845
Baelz, C. ^ Pittsburgh 1856
Baker, Joshua T. Lancaster 1846
Bardin, D. R. * CoatesvUlc 1851
Barr, Benjamin VVellsboro 1854
Barnes, M. V. x Bath 1828
Barden, William M. '^ Mansfield 1854
Bauer, Adolph Allentown 1857
Bayer, C. Allegheny City 1857
Behlert, Jacob x Emmaus 1857
Becker, Benjamin Orwigsburg 1844.
Becker, Christian J. Harrisburg 1854
Behne, John H. Reading 1857
Bender, Jacob Bendersville 1835
Belden, L. C. x Le Raysville 18^0
Blanchard, J. A. Pittsburgh 1835
Black, Alexander * Pittsburgh 1840
Bloede, Gustavus Norristown 1844
Bratt, Benjamin R. Reading 1840
Brickley, George * York 1845
Brickley, Obadiah C. 1 ork 1857
Brisbane, Dr. x Wilkes-Barre 1857
Brisbane, W. x Wyoming 1857
Brugger, Ignatius * New Berlin 1857
Bryan, Thomas * New Sheiifield 1849
Bunting, Thomas C. Mauch Chunk 1857
Burgher, John C. Pittsburgh 1848
Burbank, J. C. x Towanda
Burrett, Alexander H. Guys Mills 1857
Busch, Lewis HoUidaysburg 1838
Busk, H. X Alexandria 1857
Buie, George H. Nazareth 1839
Caspari, Adolph 1857
Caspari, Edward Prestonville 1859
Church, William J. Pittslnn-gh 1828
Clay, George B. L. Gcrmantoun i860
Coburn, E. x Le Raysville ' 1851
Cooper, F. B. Allegheny City 1835
Cooper, John F. Allegheny City 1856
Cote, Marcellin * Pittsburgh
Corbin, E. L. x Athens
Cowley, David Pittsburgh
Coxe, John Redman Jr. Williamsport
Dake, Chauncey M. Pittsburgh
Dake, David M. Pittsburgh
Dake, Jabez Percy Pittsburgh
Dare, Charles V. Chester
Detwiller, Henry * Hellerton
Detwiller, John J. Easton
Dickson, P. x Allegheny
Dininger, C. x Reading
Doolittle, J. F". X Wilkes-Barre
Dornberg, A. G. Mifflinburg
Downing, William * Downingtowii
Eckhart, Dr. x Allegheny
Ehrmann, B. F. Harrisburg
Ehrmann, Christian Carlisle
Ehrmann, Francis Carlisle
Ehrmann, Frederick Carlisle
Ehrmann, Ernest J. Liverpool
Ehrmann, Louis Carlisle
Elliger, C. Germantown
Elliott P. X Allegheny
Entriken, Sarah A. x West Chester
Everhart, O. T. * Goldsboro
Eustace, Andrew Summit Hill
Faulkner, Robert * Eric
Eager, John M. * x Harrisburg
Faulkner, P. * Erie
Fell, Ezra Norristown
Farmin, M. x Edinborough
Fehrenthal, Major, Allentown
Ficard, x Bethlehem
Floto, John Henry* Allentown
Foote, J. A. x Wellsboro
Foster, George S. East Liberty
Freytag, Eberh;ird Bethlehem
Friese, Michael Carlisle .
Gardiner, A. P. Carbondale
Green, Jonas
Gritfith, Jethro J. Manayunk
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
161
1850 Gross, James Eldridge Darby
1857 Grosch, B. C. x Andersonburgh
i860 Brumbein, William, Anneville
1852 Guernsey, William F. Frankford
18.36 Haeseler, Charles Lebanon
1857 Haeseler, H. A. x Pottsville
1857 Hardmeyer, Dr. x Allegheny
1857 Hark, J. x Nazareth
1865 Harvey, Joseph F. Lewisburg
1853 Hawley, Liverus B. Phoenixville
1837 Helffrich, John Kutztown
1857 Helffrich, H. x Weisenburgh
1857 Heigel, M. x Strasburgh
1856 Herron, James A. Pittsburgh
1857 Hindman, David R. Cochranville
1840 Hoffman, Herman H. Pittsburgh
1848 Hoffman, Charles Pittsburgh
1856 Houghton, Milo G. Pittsburgh
1835 Huber, Peter Allentown
1856 Ingham, A. jNI. Lawrenceville
1857 Ingham, G. W. x Troy
1857 Irvine, W. x Bellefonte
1856 Irons, Alexander ^[arietta
1857 Island, W. P. x Shamokin
Jacobson, Dr. Bethlehem
i860 Johnson, William H. Marysville
1852 Johnson, Isaac D. Kennett Square
1858 Jones, Joseph E. * West Chester
1853 Jones, Stacey Darby
1857 Kern, J. x Siegersville
1842 Leech, J. Stuart * Downingtown
1857 Lefevre, J. H. x Paradise
1854 Lintz, Henry S. Chestnut Hill
1838 Lippe, Adolph Reading
1841 Lovejoy, Ezekiel * Towanda
1833 ]\Iansa, Edward. Buffalo Township
1849 Marsden, John H. York Sulphur Spg.
1857 Martin, C. L. x Allentown
1858 Malin, George W. Germantdwn
1857 ^fasser, J. P. x Sunbury
1848 Alarvin, S. Springfield
1838 :May, Robert * . Warwick
1857 May, N. x Holmesburg
1S57 McClure, D. x Shippensburg
i8s7 -\Ieal, T. I. x Germantown
1850 Miller, C. Carlisle
1853 Moore, Francis R. Pittsburgh
1840 ]\Iorris, Joseph P. ^Mansfield
1841 Okie, Abraham H. Allentown
Owen, W. F. * C'ni-'ca"tville
1848 Ober, Benjamin Wilkes-Barre
1849 Penniman, William * Pittsburgh
1857 Pellichody. Dr. x Birmingham
1848 Porter. David C. New Castle
1857 Pitcairn, R. x Allegheny
1850 Pierce. Thomas ^. Norristown
1852 Pratt, Leonard Towanda
1853 Pratt, Theodore L. Canton
185T Pratt, David S. Towanda
1855 Pretch, Dr. C. Hollidaysburg
1853 Preston, Coates Chester
1835 Pulte, Joseph H. Cherryville
858
852
847
857
857
835
834
830
846
850
857
857
839
830
857
86=;
85.^
852
832
8.^9
837
850
8.19
857
857
848
S57
8;2
860
850
8^6
S^3
«^6
8v
856
«47
8^6
840
8v
■^53
8.Q
828
•^J7
845
«:;o
8^8
857
8--4
860
857
Rankin, John S. Allegheny City
Randcl, John M. Reading
Reading, John R. Somerton
Reed, J. K. x Conshohocken
Records, Dr. x Bristol
Reichhelm, Gustavus Pittsburgh
Reisner, Mr. J. C. Lebanon
Reinhold, C. G. Lewistown
Rhees, Morgan J. Hollidaysburg"
Ring, Hamilton Columbia
Richter, A. x Williamsport
Roberts, E. W. x Harrisburg
Roche, Manning B. Upper Darby
Romig, John Allentown
Romig, W. X Allentown
Rousseau, Louis M. * Pittsburgh
Rutter, John C. Bloomsburg
Sargent, Rufus Reading
Saynisch, Lewis * Blossburg
Seeger, Joseph
Scheurer, P. Hanover
Schultz, J. T. X Claytonville
Schultz, Jonas Y. Colebrookdale
Schucking, Proctor Chambersburg
Schmidt, Jacob
Shields, D. x Sewickly Bottom
Shearer, John H. Wellsboro
Shaw. Alexander R. Chambersburg
Searles, Samuel New Castle
Seymour, N. x Erie
Silby, Dr. x Erie
Skeeles, I. S. x Albion
Skiles, Francis W. Pittsburgh
Smedley, Robert C. Oxford
Smith. T. K. X Carlisle
Smith. F. S.
Simpkins, S. * Slate Lick
Speth. Dr. * Lewistown
Souci, J. M. X Canton
Starkey, George R. Reading
.Stewart, Isaac * Butler
Stevenson, Thomas C. Carlisle
Sutton, J. L. Lancaster
Taudte, Frederick Birmingham
Towner, Enoch, Jr. x Rome
Towner, Enoch x Towanda
Thorne, Joshua Norristown
Tyson, Henry Reading
Valentine, P. E. Cochranville
Wauke,
Waage, Dr. x Quakertown
Weed, Theodore J. Phoenixville
\A'est, Edwin Honesdale
Wesselhoeft, William Bath
White. Newell * New Castle
Williams, George C. West Chester
Williams, Theodore S. Germantown
Williams, Alban * Phoenixville
Willis. A. X Harrisburg
Wood, James B. West Chester
Wood, Orlando S. Phoenixville
Yeager, M. x Hilltown
162 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER VH
HOMOEOPATHY IN VIRGINIA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Early Introduction of Hahnemann's System in the West and Southwest — Virginia
Societies — Allentown Academy bears Good Fruit — The Pioneer in Virginia a
Layman — The Caspari Brothers — Campos — Hardy^ — Hobson — Atwood — Hughes —
Other Early Practitioners in the Old Dominion. *
In 1835, at the end of the first epoch of homoeopathy in the United States,
its practice was confined to New York and Pennsylvania. During the years
between 1835 and 1844, which may be called the second epoch of American
homoeopathy, it had been introduced in Virginia by a lay practitioner in 1830.'
It is our purpose in this chapter to relate something of the story of the
rapid progress of homoeopathy in this state, and to show the influence of
Allentown Academy in the dissemination of the doctrine of Hahnemann. From
the time when Reichhelm went over the Allegheny mountains, the progress of
the system of mild medication was indeed marvelous. It will be remembered
that the Mississippi river was the dividing line between settlement and wil-
derness. It was a period of immigration in the unknown west. Travel was by
rivers or canals or roads, and even by trails. Cincinnati in 1835 had a popula-
tion of but 31,000. In 1837 the population of Chicago was. estimated at 8,000,
with 120 stores, 12 public houses, three newspapers, fifty lawyers and thirty
phvsicians. In Louisville the population in 1840 v/as but 21,000. Iowa was
still a territory. When Reichhelm went to Pittsburgh that city had a popula-
tion of about 30,000. But the growth of this new country was marvelous, and
the growth and expansion of homoeopathy throughout the land must be to the
mind of the thinker a most conclusive proof of its truth.
HAHNEMANN MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE OLD DOMINION.
It was not until half a century had passed after homoeopathy had been
introduced in Virginia that the state medical society began its existence. The
Halinemann Medical Society of the Old Dominion was organized at Richmond
in 1880, but of its history during the first thirteen years of its existence
little is known. The first officers were Dr. Joseph V. Hobson, president ; Dr.
James H. Patton, secretary. The society met annually for several years, after
which there were occasional lapses and interest in its afifairs seemed to decline.
A reorganization, however, was effected in the latter part of 1893, and on
December 13 a number of physicians met in Danville and re-established the
society on a basis so secure that it has since continued and been the means of
accomplishing much good work for the welfare of the profession in the state.
The officers elected in 1893 were Dr. M. F. Douglas, president; Drs. Noah
Jackson, George A. Taber and Millson R. Allen, vice-presidents ; George F.
Bagby, secretary ; Charles B. Young, treasurer ; Drs. A, A. Bancroft, George
F. Bagbv, Noah Jackson, H. C. Corliett, W. T. Holiart, W. B. Prvor Jones,
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 163
W. S. Lyon, W. P. Moncure, Charles R. Moore. Clinton Maynard, N, H. Rid-
dick and E. Cone Williams, censors.
The West Virginia Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized May
19,. 1898, at Wheeling, and its first officers were 'Dr. M. L. Casselbury, presi-
dent; Drs. C. ^I. Roger and J. M. Fawcett, vice-presidents; Dr. C. A. Rob-
erts, secretary; Dr. C. H. Wilsey, treasurer; Dr. John W. Morris, necrologist.
The second meeting was held at Sisterville, October 11, 1898. This society
is in active existence and holds its annual meetings in different cities.
REMINISCENCES.
Virginia was the third state into which homoeopathy was introduced.
About 1830 a lay practitioner established himself at Norfolk, and his name was
pronounced Kuper. He remiained for a year or two. The two brothers, Adolph
and Edward Caspari, who were students at the Allentown Academy, were
some time between 1832 and 1838 residents at Norfolk.
In 1838 Dr. F. T. Campos went to Norfolk and in 1839 comrnenced to
practice homoeopathy. He is sai'd to have graduated in medicine in Lisbon,
Portugal, and to have practiced several years in Brazil. He enjoyed a good
reputation as man and physician, and made many cures by the new method.
He was active in the epidemic of yellow fever during the summer and winter
of 1855. He died in 1857.
Dr. Thomas I. Hardy practiced in Norfolk at the same period as Campos.
In Smith's "Homoeopathic Directory" for 1857 both names are given. Dr.
Hardy died October 31, 1886.
Dr. Robert Shield Perkins, a graduate of Hahnemann Medical College
of Philadelphia in 1872, commenced practice in Norfolk and is still there.
In 1858 Dr. Joseph Virginius Hobson began the practice of homoeopathy
in Richmond. He was a son of Joseph and Mary Mumford Hobson and was
bom in Cumberland county. Va., November 11, 1810. His father removed to
Powhattan county, purchasing the estate of Blenheim, where Joseph's boyhood
was passed. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College in 1828, and
entered as a student of medicine with Dr. Thomas Nelson of Richmond. He
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and began practice at
Cartersville, Va. He spent the years 1839-40 in Paris in study. Returning,
he settled at Lynchburg in 1840, and went to Powhattan in 1847, remaining in
practice there until 1858. In 1856 his attention was drawn to homoeopathy
by Henderson's works and by the cure of a case by Dr. John F. Gray, and
this led to investigation and adoption of the homoeopathic school in his prac-
tice. In 1858 he removed to Richmond, but at the outbreak of the war he
went to Blenheim, resuming practice in Richmond at the close of the war. In
1890 advancing years caused him to retire from practice and he returned to
Lynchburg, where he remained until his death, October 10, 1895.
Dr. Aaron H. Atwood went to Richmond in the fifties from New Hamp-
shire. He had introduced homoeopathy into Manchester in 1845 ^^d was in
partnership with Dr. Emil Custer, but ill health caused him to go to Virginia,
where he died.
Dr. Alfred Hughes began the practice of homoeopathy in Wheeling in
1 85 1. He was born there September 16, 1824. His great-grandfather, Felix
Hughes, came from Ireland and settled in Loudon county in 1732. He had
four sons, one of whom, James, grandfather of Alfred, was a famous hunter.
He settled in Green county. Pa., then in Virginia, and married a Miss Dur-
164 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ham of Jefferson county, in 1772. At his death he owned large tracts of land
in Virginia, Kentucky and Indiana. He was among the first white settlers in
that region. He left three spns and a daughter. One son, Thomas, married
Mary Odenbaugh of Winchester. Their seventh son was Alfred. Young
Hughes graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
1853. He married Mary Kirby Adrian of Wheeling, November i, 1849, ^^^
began to practice homoeopathy at Wheeling amid common prejudice and a
hard fight, but succeeded in vindicating his cause. When the cholera of 1854
appeared, he labored night and day, being the only homoeopathic physician in
the city, and he met with great success in its treatment. Homoeopathy was
thus firmly established. During the war of 1861-1865, he espoused the cause
of the south, and was arrested for disloyalty in 1861. He was held a prisoner
at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, for eight months, when he was exchanged
for a brother of Dr. Pancoast of Philadelphia, and was allowed to go with his
family to Richmond. He at once began practice and again had to fight for
homoeopathy, but soon secured a good clientage. He was elected to the legis-
lature of Virginia, remaining a member until the fall of Richmond. On Decem-
ber 18, 1865, he removed to Baltimore, where he built up a practice. He
died in that city about 1876.
Dr. Walthall located in Richmond. Dr. Arcoli, an Italian, also settled in
that city. Dr. J. H. Patton, a graduate in 1870 of Hahnemann Medical College
of Philadelphia, located at Richmond soon afterward.
In 1857 Drs. J. B. Doudall and R. H. Stabler were located at Alexandria ;
Drs. C. H. Connelly and F. Pitcher at Fairmount ; M. L. Casselburg and A.
C. Miller at Morgantown ; F. S. Campos, T. I. Hardy and Dr. Walthall at
Norfolk; Dr. Daniel Jaimey at Purcel's Store; Dr. I. P. Clayton at Pierce-
town ; Drs. A. L. Bilisoly, L. A. Bilisoly and V. B. Bilisoly at Portsmouth ;
Drs. A. H. Atwood, J. F. Gardiner and J. B. Walthall at Richmond ; and Drs.
Blum and A. Hughes at Wheeling.
In 1870 there were but two homoeopathic physicians in Richmond, Drs.
R. Gardner and William Q. Mansfield, and in the whole state there were but
thirteen. In 1875 Dr. Thomas Hardy and Dr. Robert Shield Perkins were in
practice at Norfolk ; Dr. Eldridge Lipj)incott was located at Petersburg ; Dr.
L. A. Bilisoly was at Portsmouth, and Drs. Joseph Virginius Hobson and
James H. Patton were at Richmond. In 1886 Drs. William L. Morgan and
Charles B. Young were at Lynchburg; Drs. Thomas Hardy, Robert S. Per-
kins, Henley N. Riddick, Frank P. Webster, were at Norfolk ; Drs. William B.
Pryor Jones and M. J. Lincoln were at Petersburg; Dr. L. Augustus Bilisoly
at Portsmouth ; Drs. James H. Patton, George L. Stone and George A, Taber
were at Richmond.
In 1899 there were thirty-one homoeopathists in Virginia, of whom eight
were located in Richmond, viz. : Drs. George F. Bagley, Harry S. Corey, John
W. Hobart, A. L. Marcy, S. Abagail Roope, George L. Stone, George A. Ta-
ber, Williams E. Cone. In 1904 there were thirty homoeopathic physicians in
the state.
HoiJia'opafJiic physit:iaiis in llri^iiiia prcz'ioiis to i860. The date preceding
the name indicates the }ear the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that tlie ])ractitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that physician practiced medicine before the
date given. •
ITTSTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
165
1854 Atwood, Aaron H. Richmond 1857
1857 Bilisoly, Antonio L. Portsmouth 1858
1855 Bilisoly, L. Augustus Portsmouth 1840
1857 Bilisoly, V. B. x Portsmouth 1853
T857 Blum, Dr. x Wheeling 1850
1853 Casselbury, M. L. Morgantown 1830
1857 Connelly, C. H. x Fairmount 1853
1857 Clayton, I. P. x Piercetown 1857
1857 Doudall. J. B x Alexandria 1852
1833-4 Caspari, Adolph Norfolk 1857
1839 Caspari, Edward Norfolk 1857
1839 Campos, F. T. Norfolk
Gardiner, J. F. x Richmond
Hobson, Joseph H. Lynchburg
Hardy, Thomas I. Norfolk
Hughes, Alfred Wheeling
Janney, Daniel Purcels Store
Kuper, Dr. Norfolk
Miller, Alexander C. ^^lorgantown
Pitcher, F. x Fairmount
Randel, John Massey Norfolk
Stabler, R. H. x Alexandria
Walthall, J. B. x Richmond
166 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER Vni
HOMOEOPATHY IN OHIO.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Gradual Inlrodnction of Homoeopathy in the West — Cope, the Pioneer of the New
System in Ohio — Beckwith's Recollections of Sturm^Pulte, the Pioneer and
Founder of a Great School of Medical Learning — Cholera Plague of 1849 and Later
Years — Homoeopathy Attacked by the Old Enemy — Early Homoeopaths in Cincinnati
and Cleveland — Attempts to Establish a Medical College — Eclectic Medical Institute
Establishes a Chair of Homoeopathy — Reminiscences of Early Practitioners.
Next in the order of states brought under the beneficent influence of the
homoeopathic system of medicine was Ohio, the "Buckeye" state, where the
doctrine is said to have found lodgment in 1836 under the ministrations of one
Dr. Cope, of whom httle appears to be known except that at the time men-
tioned he was practicing in the vicinity of Plymouth in Richland county, and
that he was credited with being a high potentist, administering only a single
pellet and repeating the dose at the end of fourteen days, if the case required
such "radical" treatment. Yet tradition says that the worthy doctor accom-
plished some remarkable cures and acquired a considerable practice in the region
in which he was the pioneer. Tradition has it, too, that sometime during the
first half of the last century a German doctor was settled in Delaware county,
and treated his patients with "very little pills, and whose habit was in typhoid
cases to give the patient one dose, and then return at the end of a week to
observe how it was working." This method smacks strongly of homoeopathic
methods of three-quarters of a century ago. and there is little doubt that the
"German physician" whose name is not now recalled was some faithful fol-
lower of the strict Hahnemannian doctrine as then understood and practiced.
The history of homoeopathy in the "Buckeye" state — every loyal Ohioan
is proud of the synonym — from first to last is a subject of interesting study, and
is remarkable in that the first disciple of the new doctrine planted its seed in
the state only ten years after it had been brought to America by Hans Burch
Gram. Ohio herself had laid aside the territorial character and entered the
sisterhood of states only a little more than thirty years before, and few indeed
of the counties in that now great commonwealth were more than sparsely set-
tled, while the commercial cities for which the state i-s now noted were then
little larger than villages. When the age of the state itself is considered, dat-
ing from 1803, and the advent of the first representative of the Hahnemannian
school of medicine a little more than thirty years afterward, the inference is
natural that homoeopathy entered Ohio during the formative period of its his-
tory and that the subsequent growth of each was in even step until both became
firmly planted on solid foundations. But in the civil and political history of Ohio
there were many events which contributed to its progress, while in the early
history of homoeopathv in the same jurisdiction every conceivable obstacle was
thrown in the way of homoeopathic practitioners in the vain endeavor to oppose
the progress of tlie school the disciples of Hahnemann had chosen to represent;
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 167
yet even in this period of adversity the httle host of homoeopathic pioneers
was not without friends, and an educational home was ofifered them in the
house of the eclectic school in Cincinnati. The chair of homoeopathy in the
Eclectic Aledical Institute was not long continued, but its establishment was an
evidence of friendship and good faith ; it was a foundation sufficiently strong to
build upon, and the representatives of the homoeopathic school, preferring to
act within their own principles, soon afterward set about the task of founding
a college for themselves. Their first endeavors were not rewarded with the
degree of success they deserved, but the mistakes of early experience served as
beacon-lights to guard agaitist their repetition in later years. And the purpose
was well served, for in 1849 ^ college of homoeopathic medical instruction was
founded in Cleveland, the second institution of its kind in America. It has
endured to the present time, and has accomplished as much good work in the
propagation of the homoeopathic gospel in the west as any similar school in
the land. The Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College, as now known, sec-
ond in seniority only to Hahnem.ann of Philadelphia, was established in 1849
on an original foundation, and was not the outgrowth of any institution in the
east, although some historians have traced its origin to old Allentown Academy.
In the course of time other medical colleges were founded in Ohio, a few
of them to fall by the wayside or to merge in those more strongly supported,
and at the beginning of the twentieth century there are two principal homoe-
opathic colleges in the state, one in Cleveland and one in Cincinnati. The his-
tory of each of these is made the sttbject of extended mention in another depart-
ment of this work.
In this connection it is interesting to note the gradual increase in the num-
ber of homoeopathic physicians in Ohio. In 1836 the pioneer, a layman, led
the way. Twenty years later, in 1857, the number was 120; 1875, 422; 1885,
498; 1899, 968; and in 1905 it is estimated that there are in the homoeopathic
ranks in Ohio a total of one thousand practitioners.
Ohio has been both faithful and prolific in the work of homoeopathic soci-
ety organization, and in that respect ranks w'ith the foremost states of the
union. A brief allusion to the more important of these societies is proper in
this connection, not for the purpose of exhaustive narrative but as a necessary
part of an interesting record.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO.
A society of homoeopathic physicians' was organized in Cleveland as early
as 1846, which was just ten years after the system had been introduced in the
state. Reports of the organization and meagre reports of the society are found
in the " American Journal of Homoeopathy," Vol. i, p. 46, and also in the
Michigan " Journal of Homoeopathy " for June, 1849. The old society was
continued only a short time, and then was dissolved. The next attempt at per-
manent organization was made in 1851, at a meeting held in Columbus on
September 23 of that year, v/hen the work previously begun was improved
upon and made more complete. The customary constitution and by-laws were
adopted, and the society took the name Ohio College of Homoeopathic Physi-
cians. The first officers were Drs. O. A. Blair, president; J. H. Coulter of
Columbus and John Tifift of Norwalk, vice-presidents ; C. A. Leuthstrom of
Columbus, secretary ; G. St. C. Hussey of Portsmouth, corresponding secre-
tary ; C. D. Williams of Cleveland, H. P. Gatchell of Cincinnati, J. W. Dennis
of Portsmouth, Jacob Bosler of Dayton and L. K. Rosa, censors. In 1852 and
168 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1853 meetings were held in Cleveland, the next year in Columbus, but none
were afterward held until 1864, when the homoeopathic physicians of the state
met in convention in the capital city of the state, revived the dormant organi-
zation, and brought into existence the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the
State of Ohio. The officers tlien elected were as follows : Dr. A. O. Blair of
Cleveland, president ; Drs. E. C. Witherill of Cincinnati and W. W. Webster of
Dayton, vice-presidents ; Dr. Charles Cropper of Cincinnati, secretary ; Dr. C.
C. White of Columbus, treasurer ; Drs. A. Shepherd of Springdale, G. H. Blair
of Columbus, Charles Osterlin of Findlay, T. P. Wolson of Cleveland, Lewis
Barnes of Delaware, T. M. Miller of Stubenville and E. C. Beckwith of Zanes-
ville, censors. At first the society met annually at Columbus, but later adopted
the rule of meeting in different cities. The society was incorporated in 1878.
Membership, about 275. wSince 1865 transactions have been published annually.
In this connection, also, ' it is proper that some mention be made of the
several sectional, district and local medical societies of the state, although the
record of necessity must be brief, and limited to mention of the name, field
of operation and date of organization of each. The record follows :
Homoeopathic Medical Society of Eastern Ohio, organized April 2. 1873, by-
union of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the Seventeenth Congressional
District (organized August i, 1866) and the Homoeopathic Medical Associa-
tion of Summit and Portage Counties (organized June, 1871) ; Northwestern
Ohio Homoeopathic Medical Society. June, 1889; Ohio Valley Medical Society,
1901 ; Miami Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 14, i860; Seven-
teenth Congressional District of Ohio Medical Society, August i, 1866; Sum-
mit and Portage Counties Homceopathic Medical' Society, June, 1871 ; the
Cleveland Academy of Medicine and Surgery, 1872 ; Cleveland Academy of
Medicine, February 4, 1891 ; Cleveland Medical Association, about 1865;
Cleveland Homoeopathic Maternity Society, October 12, 1891 ; Columbus Clin-
ical Club, June 2, 1890; Cincinnati Homoeopathic INIedical Society, 1862; Cin-
cinnati Homoeopathic Eyccum, October 28, 1889; Cincinnati Homoeopathic
Society ; Cuyahoga County Homoeopathic Medical Society, November, i86s ;
Dayton City Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1879; Homoeopathic Medical
Society of Eastern Ohio, April 2, 1873 ; Hahnemann Society of Cincinnati,
April 10, 1855; Homoeopathic Association of Cincinnati, 1849; Homoeopathic
Club of Cincinnati, December, 1885; Loraine and Medina County Homoe-
opathic Medical Society, July 18, 1868; Lucas County Homoeopathic IMedical
Society, i860; Miami County Homoeopathic Medical Society, June 14, i860;
Montgomery County Homcieopathic Medical Society, November 6, 1868;
Muskingum Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1867; Northeastern Ohio
Homoeopathic Medical Society, 1864; Perry County Homoeopathic Medical
Society, October 26, 1870; Philadelphos Society; Round Table Club, August
28, 1889; Summit County Homoeopathic Oinical Society, January 15, 1885;
Toledo Clinical Societv, 1884; Union Homoeopathic Medical Society of North-
ern Ohio, June 6, 1868.
HOSPITALS.
Tile establishment of homoeopathic hospitals in Ohio was an important ele-
ment of the early endeavor of the medical profession, and engaged the attention
of lionKtopathic ]iractitioners almost as early as the efforts in organizing medi-
cal societies. This subject is of mucli importance in the history of homoeopathy
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 169
in the state, but the extent to which it demands consideration in this place is
questionable, inasmuch as the principal institutions of this character are in a
lari^e measure a part of the life of the homrjeopathic medical collej^^es, particu-
larly in the large cities of Cleveland and Cincinnati.
Ihe Cleveland Homoeopathic Hospital, the first organized hospital in
Cleveland, Ohio, v/as opened in May, 1856, by S. R. Beckwith, M. D., who was
the surgeon for the Lake Shore and the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati
railroads. It was established as a private surgical hospital to accommodate
those injured by the railroads; but was open to all surgical cases. It was
situated on Lake street, and accommodated twenty patients. George H. Bet-
tely, M. D., was the house surgeon.
In i860 St. Vincent's Hospital was completed and opened for the recep-
tion of patients. Physicians and surgeons of both schools being permitted to
treat patients therein, there seemed no necessity for the separate maintenance
of the hospital on Lake street, and con"sequently it was closed. St. Vincent's
Hospital was under the control and management of the sisters of a Catholic
order and for five years remained the only hospital in Cleveland. In 1865,
however, there was set on foot a project for the establishment of a Protestant
hospital, and in May of the next year a committee of three, consisting of Dr.
D. H. Beckwith, Mr. Horace Brockaway and Mrs. S. F. Lester, was formed
for the purpose of obtaining a building suitable for hospital purposes.
A large and roomy building at 83 Wilson street was selected and pur-
chased at a cost of $8,000. An organization was effected and a board of
trustees formed, and these gave the name of Wilson Street Hospital to the
building. Of the trustees, one-half were chosen by adherents of the old school,
the remainder by those of the homoeopathic school. The board of trustees was
composed of Mrs. Samuel Williamson. Mrs. A. B. Stone, Mrs. Mary Severance,
W. S. Stanley, T. W. Pelton, Mrs. Daniel P. Rhodes, Mrs. Peter Thatcher,
Mrs. L. M. Hubbey, Jacob Lowman and H. C. Blossom. The medical and
surgical staff represented both schools of medicine and consisted of Drs. A.
Maynard, A. A. Brooks, H. F. Cushing, D. H. Beckwith, B. P. Brown and
George H. Blair.
Within a very few weeks a group of ladies interested in the work col-
lected sufficient funds to pay for the building and its thorough equipment for
hospital purposes. For some time complete harmony reigned in the medical
staff, but differences began to show themselves, with the result that early in
1867 the president, Mr. H. B. Hurlburt, for the adherents of the old school
of medicine, made to those who favored the new school a proposition to either
buy or sell their interests in the hospital. The homoeopathic adherents with-
drew from the hospital and later united with the Cleveland Protestant Homoe-
opathic Hospital, which was opened for patients November 3, 1869.
The trustees of the Wilson Street Hospital, now adherents of the old school
of medicin<?, adopted the following resolution : " Resolved, That in the future
no homoeopathic phvsician or surgeon shall be allowed to treat any patient,
free or pay, in this hospital." This resolution was in force for nearly twenty
years, its immediate effect being the uniting in a strong bond of friendship
the homoeopathic physicians and their clientele.
The previous year Humiston Institute had been purchased for college
and hospital purposes, at a cost of $35,000. This hospital was under the con-
trol of the homoeopathic school of medicine, but patients therein had the privi-
170 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
lege of any treatment they preferred, thus giving physicians of the old school
the right of entry.
After five years of successful operation the trustees, deeming it advisable
to seek a new location, purchased the property where the hospital now stands
on Huron street, February 4, 1873. This building was opened for the recep-
tion of patients, but within a very short time, however, it was found to be
inadequate to the demand made upon it, and in May, 1878, the hospital asso-
ciation decided upon the erection of a new structure. As a means to this end,
the ladies' association united with the board of lady, managers of the City Hos-
pital and gave a great charity fair and loan exhibition, the proceeds of which
were to be divided between the hospitals. This was a great success, the citizens
of Cleveland having come forward with enthusiasm, loaning their fine paint-
ings, statuary and works of art in the effort to get together a collection to
attract and interest the people. The collection gathered was so fine that the
city virtually put it in charge of the police and fire departments, so that no
harm might com.e to it. The net proceeds amounted to $12,816.54, half of
which was awarded the homoeopathic hospital.
In June, 1878, the trustees appointed a building committee, consisting of
George PL Warmington, Dr. D. H. Beckwith, Edward Bingham and Capt. A.
Bradley. Excavations were begun in April, 1879, and so rapidly did the
work progress that during the following year, September 29th, the hospital
was dedicated and opened to receive patients.
The new building acted as a stimulus in many directions, the effect being
shown by many actions which attested to the loyalty and generosity of the
citizens of Cleveland toward homoeopathy and homoeopathic institutions. The
work of the hospital increased to such a degree during the next decade that
additional accommodations were found to be imperative. It was not, however,
until 1894 that provision was made for a new building. This was completed
by the first of April, 1895. It is a large four-story building connected with the
main building by a covered gallery, and is very fully utilized for the hospital
needs. In it are the sleeping rooms for nurses and a number of employees, one
entire floor being taken up by patients. The basements contain laundry,
sterilizers, store rooms, and mortuary.
During the past ten years the hospital has more than doubled its work. It
is now entirely out of debt and has an endowment of $20,000; the estimated
value of the property owned by the hospital corporation is $150,000. Those in
charge of the work realize that the present building is entirely inadequate to
the demands made upon it, so that it will be but a short time until new build-
ings and a new location must be sought.
The Ohio Hospital for Women and Children, Cincinnati, is the direct
outgrowth of a free dispensary which was opened in Cincinnati, June ii,
1879, by Drs. Ellen M. Kirk and Martha M. Howells. assisted by thirty-five
philanthropic women, who united in an organization for its support known as
the Free Dispensary Association for Women and Children. The clinics were
increasingly large and out of them grew the need of a hospital. This need
stimulated the members to determined effort and on October 11, 1881, the Free
Dispensary for Women and Children became the Ohio Hospital for Women
and Qiildren by an act of incorporation. May 9, 1882. A house affording suit-
able accommodations in West Ninth street was rented, equipped and formally
opened as a hospital the following June. In a few years this house proved too
small for the growing work and a permanent home was purchased for twenty
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
171
thousand dollars in December, 1888. This commodious house, No. 549 West
Seventh street, was opened March 4. 1889. The object of this institution has
been to offer to women an opportunity to consult homoeopathic women physi-
cians, and to women physicians clinical advantages and experience. The train-
ing of nurses has been a prominent feature since 1887. Some three thousand
patients have been received in its private rooms and wards. The hospital dur-
ing three years has received several bequests and is supported outside of its
income from private patients by annual dues from members of its association,
donations, etc. A free dispensar\- has always been an adjunct of the hospital
and thousands of the needy of the city have shared its benefits.
The medical staff consists of the fol-
lowing physicians : Ellen M. Kirk, dean ;
Mary E. Minor, Sophia P. Georgi, Ida E. Mc-
Cormick, Ella E. Huntington, Bertha Van
Houten Anthony, Florence M. Pollock.
The general management of this hospital for
women by women is vested in a board of man-
agers as follows : Mrs. Robert Hosea, presi-
dent; Mrs. J. D. Park, vice-president; Mrs.
Wm. N. Hobart, second vice-president; Mrs.
E. D. Albro, secretary; Mrs. T. B. Colher,
treasurer; Dr. Ellen M. Kirk, dean; Mrs. Ellen
Clarke, Mrs. E. G. Carpenter, Mrs. G. W. El-
lard, Miss Lida Galigher, Mrs. J. J. Hooker,
Mrs. W. P. Harrison, Mrs. Taylor Latta, Mrs.
Langtrie, Mrs. A. S. Lowenberg, Mrs. G. W.
Oyler, Mrs. C. D. Robertson and Miss Fanny
E. Turner.
The Toledo Protestant Hospital, an institution under homoeopathic medi-
cal supervision, is the result of a movement begun in 1874, and which reached
fruition in 1877, when its rooms were opened for patients. It was incorpo-
rated December 12, 1876, and is under the medical and surgical supervision of
the Lucas County Homoeopathic Medical Society. Originally the hospital staff
was chosen from both schools of medicine, but the allopaths refused to attend
an institution w^her.e homoeopathy was permitted to be practiced and severed
their connection with it ; upon which the hospital w^as placed under homoe-
opathic medical supervision, but the representatives of that school have been
considerate of allopathy, and have admitted its representatives to the privi-
leges of the institution.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. William Sturm, it is said on excellent authority, began the practice
of homoeopathy in Cincinnati in 1839, which event gives him precedence in
the long and honorable line of homoeopaths who followed him in the field
in after years. He was born in Saxony in June, 1796, and was educated in
medicine in Germany, a pupil of Hahnemann, the founder of the homoeopathic
school. Sturm is said to have been a man of liberal education, and in medi-
cine his success in the treatment of cases of an acute character gave him an
extensive practice and proclaimed his name and fame throughout the Ohio
river valley.
The second disciple of homoeopathy in Cincinnati was Dr. Joseph H. Pulte,
Ohio Hospital for Women and
Children, Cincinnati.
172 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
who took lip the practice of medicine in Cincinnati in 1840, an incident of
travel having impelled him to change his determination to visit his brother in
St. Louis and undoubtedly to- practice medicine in that city ; and this was a
fortunate resolution on Pulte's part for the development of homoeopathy in
Ohio, for this great exemplar of the Hahnemannian doctrine was a man of
learning, a physician of repute, and a citizen whose every walk in life was
<:orrect. And Pulte in later years was the founder of the great college of homce-
opathic medical instruction in Cincinnati which bears his name and most
worthily promulgates the doctrines he first expounded in that city more than
three score years ago. The life and services of Dr. Pulte are subjects of men-
tion in the history of the college referred to, hence need no further commen-
tary in this place.
In .1849 Asiatic cholera laid its scourge upon the west, and during its prev-
alence Pulte with a few other capable homoeopaths proved that medicines in
attenuated doses administered according to the law of Hahnemann could in a
great measure lessen its ravages ; and while certain physicians and ministerial
editors were inclined to cavil at the success of the homoeopaths, the people
accepted the fact and the new doctrine found favor throughout the entire
region. This period in our history in Ohio was marked with what is known as
the "cholera pamphlet war" in Cincinnati. The plague first appeared in that
city in 1849, ^^'^'^^ from the first the allopaths made reports to the authorities,
while the homoeopaths, not knowing the requirements, failed to do so ; and
for this the}'^ were brought to bar. Pulte and Ehrmann, homoeopaths, were
tried before the mayor, but were dismissed, the health board not being law-
fully organized. However, after this affair both Pulte and Ehrmann made
public their practice and its results during the continuance of the epidemic.
At that time in Cincinnati there lived a minister, who also was an editor
of a religious p^per called the "Methodist Expositor," and who with his other
attainments was an allopathic physician. He appeared to have been some-
what exercised in his mind regarding the followers of Hahnemann and their
practice in Cincinnati, and in his paper he attacked the report of Pulte and
Ehrmann, and also attacked homoeopathy in general, using language and
expressions more bitter than befitted a man of the cloth. In one of his lamen-
tations he quoted scripture : "If the trumpet give an uncertain sound who
shall prepare himself to the battle." The worthy editor entitled his articles
"Hoi-.ioeopathic Trumpet," and they were answered by Pulte and Ehrmann in
a determined yet more christianlike spirit. After this controversy had con-
tinued some time an association of citizens was formed, called the Homoe-
opathic Association, and a committee from it was appointed to investigate the
matter and report. This committee comprised Alphonso Taft, B. F. Barrett,
George Carlisle, Nathaniel L. Sawyer and George Crawford. After making
a careful examination of the various cases treated, the committee reported at
a meeting of the association held in October, 1849, ^^^'^ exonerated Drs. Pulte
and Ehrmann from blame or discredit, at the same time recommending that
the reverend medico-editor "promptly correct what he finds to be incorrect in
his published statements of this subject."
The homoeopathic journals of the time, Shipman's " Northwestern Jour-
nal of Homoeopathia," the " Quarterly Homoeopathic Journal," of Boston, the
" Southwestern Homoeopathic Journal," and " Review and the American
Journal of Homoeopathy," all pu1)lished editorials. The pamphlets were widely
HISTORY OF HO^tO^OI'ATHY 17^
circulated, and there is no doul)t that the outcome was largely of benefit to
homoeopathy in the west.
Contemporary with Dr. Pulte in the early history of homoeopathy in Cin-
cimiati was Dr. Benjamin Ehrmann, another of the Allentown graduates. He
had drifted west, following the tide of emigration, and located at Chillicothe,
and in 1848 becoming acquainted with Pulte was by him persuaded to go to
Cincinnati, where they formed a partnership.
Dr. F. A. W. Davis went to Cincinnati in 1846 to spend the summer. He
met Pulte and was induced to study homoeopathy. During the cholera epi-
demic he did great service, opened a free dispensary and treated a great many
poor people gratuitously. He afterward went to Tennessee.
James G. Hunt, JM. D.
Dr. James George Hunt was another of the early practitioners in Cin-
cinnati. He had become a homoeopathist during the cholera epidemic of
1849.
Dr. Adam Aliller practiced homoeopathy in Cincinnati about 1850 and soon
afterward went to Ilhnois.
Another of the earlv homoeopaths in Cincinnati was Edwin C. Witherill,.
who was born in New Hampshire in 1821, and when nine years old his par-
ents moved to Auburn, X. Y. At sixteen he made a voyage to Liverpool, antl
on his return taught in the public schools and studied medicine, receiving his
diploma from, a medical school in New York city. He practiced in Auburn
and Canandaigua, and then was appointed to the chair of anatomy and physi-
ology in the Western Homoeopathic College at Cleveland. Before accepting
174 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
this position he spent some time in the hospitals of London and Paris. He
was a professor in the college from 1850 to 1853. Later on he went to Cin-
cinnati where he remained in practice until his death, October 30, 1865.
Dr. Jesse Garrettson began the practice of homoeopathy in Cincinnati in
1849. ^^ f'i^d i" that city. July 3, 1876. His brother, Dr. Joseph Garrettson,
was with him during- the later years of his life.
Dr. George W. Bigler located in Cincinnati in 1850. He was a native o£
Harrisburg, Pa., and originally was an allopathic physician, but becoming
convinced of the truth of homoeopathy he adopted it and became a prominent
practitioner in Ohio. He was of the Swedenborgian faith, a member of the
American institute and also of the state and county homoeopathic societies.
He died at his home in Cincinnati. April 28, 1871.
Dr. William Peck, an allopathic physician of Cincinnati, adopted homoe-
opathy in 1849. He was the son of Benjamin and Sarah (Bachelor) Peck,
and was borrr in Sutton, Mass., April 6, 1798. He graduated from Brown
University in 1820. He opened an office in Providence, R. L, and on May
21, 1823, married Jane, daughter of Dr. Samuel Thane. Two years later he
removed to New Rochelle, N. Y., where he practiced until 1831, when he
located in Cincinnati. Dr. Ira Barrows, his cousin, of Providence, R. L,
induced him to become a homoeopath. He joined the institute in 1850. and
was on his way to the meeting in 1857, when in a collision on the Erie railroad
on June 3, he was instantly killed. Dr. George B. Peck of Providence is
his nephew.
Dr. Price, another allopathic physician of Cincinnati, became a convert
about 1849.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Cleveland by Dr. R. E. W. Adams in
1843. f^6 remained there a few years and then went to Illinois. In 1844 Dr.
Daniel O. Hoyt went to Cleveland, associating himself with Dr. Adams. Dr.
Hoyt was a graduate of Dartmouth College, and practiced allopathy for several
years before he went to Cleveland, where he took up homoeopathy. He prac-
ticed for over thirty years in Cleveland, and died August 10, 1874, aged
eighty-seven years.
Dr. John Wheeler, the third homoeopathic physician in Cleveland, com-
menced to practice in that city in 1845. He graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1817 and practiced as an allopath in Troy from 1818 to 1845, when he
became a convert to homoeopathv. In 1845 he located in Cleveland and re-
mained there until his death, February 12, 1870, aged seventy-nine years. Dr.
Wheeler was one of the best known and beloved of the earlier Cleveland physi-
cians. It was largely through his persuasions that Dr. David Herrick Beckwith
was converted to homoeopathv. Dr. Wheeler was for many years president
of the Cleveland Hospital College.
Dr. Edward Caspari practiced for a time at Ravenna in 1843. He after-
ward went to Louisville, Ky.
Dr. Schlagel, a Gorman phvsician, located at Amherst in 1844, and from
that place his nractice extended to Oberlin, Elyria and other towns.
Dr. Alexander H. Burritt located at Burton in 1840. He was born in
Trey, N. Y.. April 17, 1805. His father, Dr. Elv Burritt, was a practitioner in
Troy for nearly thirty years. His partner was Dr. Robbins. Alexander stud-
ied medicine with his father, and graduated at the College of Physicians and
Surgeons in New York in the spring of 1827. He practiced allopathy in
Washington county until 1838, aliout which time his friend and relative. Dr.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
175
John F. Gray, induced him to investigate the homoeopathic system and exam-
ine its merits. He visited New York to witness the success of Gray and Hull,
and soon became satisfied with the new medical doctrine. In a few months he
located in Pennsylvania and was the pioneer in Crawford county, where he
devoted himself to the study of the new system. He practiced at Conneaut-
ville and then went to Burton. In 1850 he was appointed to the chair of
obstetrics in the Western Homceopathic College, but ill health caused him to
resign his professorship. He afterward removed to Canandaigua, N. Y., and
thence to New Orleans, where he remained until his death. He was still in
practice in 1876.
Dr. David Shepherd l)egan practice in Bainbridgc in 1845, where he
John Wheeler, M. D.
had a large farm and combined both occupations. He died in June, 1887, aged
seventy-nine years.
Dr. Alpheus Morrill located at Akron in 1846, remaining there two years,
after which he went to Columbus to practice. An attack of intermittent fever
compelled him to remove, and he went to Concord. N. H., where he passed
his life. He died in 1868. Dr. Crosby, his partner, was also obliged by sick-
ness to leave Akron and go east.
Dr. B. W. Richmond located at Chardon, Dr. Stevens at Windsor, and
Dr. H. Plimpton at Painesville, in 1845.
Dr. G. W. Barker opened an office in Cleveland in 1848 and a few months
later Dr. Thomas Miller became his partner. Soon afterward Dr. Barker went
to Detroit and Dr. Miller to Missouri.
170 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
In 1847 ^^1'- CJcrhard Saal was practicing homoeopathy in Springfield.
He was educated in Germany and came to America in 1846. In 1852 he went
to Cincinnati and became partner of Dr. E. C. Witherill. In 1872 he held the
chair of clinical medicine in Pulte College. He died May 4, 1875. In 1852 he
published in the "' American AJagazine of Homceopathy " a series of articles
on kinesitherapy.
Dr. Jacob Liosler commenced to practice honujeopathy in Dayton in 1848,
and. assisted in organizing the state societies. He died at the age of seventy-
six.
Dr. Henry L. Sook began the practice of homoeopathy in 1853 at Pom-
ero}-. He says : " The first homoeopathic medicine I ever saw, and I believe
the first time 1 ever heard of it, was in 1844. A friend of mine had brought
a small case and book from Ithaca, N. Y. Of course, like other simpletons, I
attempted to make sport of the little pills, but afterward being convinced of
their superiority, studied the system in opposition to all friends and relations
excepting the one first named. I had a course of lectures at Cleveland the
winter of 1852-53 and commenced the practice. After eight years I returned
and graduated." After remaining three years at Pomeroy he went to Steu-
benville. In 1869 he located at Newark, and joined the institute that same
year.
Dr. N. H. Maiiter began the practice of homoeopathy at Elyria, the county
town of Lorain county, in 1848. He had been practicing medicine about twen-
ty-five years. In 1852 Dr. H. P. Gatchell made a trip through Ohio, visiting
the physicians who were interested in homoeopathy and writing a series of edi-
torial letters to the " American Magazine of Homoeopathy and Hydropathy,"
of which he, with Dr. Pulte, was joint editor. One of his articles says: " Dr.
Manter, one of the oldest physicians in that section, has been practicing medi-
cine in Elyria for some twenty or twenty-five years. Of a superior educa-
tion, literary and medical, he soon obtained an extensive practice. But hav-
ing been attracted by the reputation of homoeopathy some two or three years
since, to give it an examination, and having derived some benefit from it in his
own person, he has abandoned his former destructive practice, and now demon-
strates by superior success the merits of homoeopathy." Dr. Manter died
about 1866 or 1867. Dr. Rosa, Jr., was at that time his partner.
Dr. John Tifft, of Norwalk, practiced allopathy for many years, but in
1852, through the influence of Dr. Horatio Robinson of New York, he took up-
homoeopathy. Dr. D. H. Beckwith was his partner at Norwalk for three
years.
Dr. J. Beeman, who had been an eclectic physician in Birmingham, became
a homoeopath in 1851. He said: "In testing the homoeopathic law and in
availing myself of its valuable application when tested, I have only acted in
accordance with the principles inculcated in my medical education. I received
that at an eclectic college from professors who were free to investigate, whose
maxim was to 'prove all things, and to hold fast that which is good.' Their
graduates, therefore, unlike the graduates of allopathic schools in general,
were untrammelled, (joverned by the principles there taught, I have ever felt
free to receive truth from every source. Nor have I sufifered myself to be blind-
ed by the influence of custom or the desire for popularity. I have respected no
error because it is old — I have rejected no truth because it is new. Antiquity
or popularity count for nothing with me in estimating the value of systems of
medicines."
^T' )m' ( ii' IK ).\i(i':(ji'ATiiv
(•ii\r'i"(':u !.\
1 c.Mci-".! I'AT.M \ I x OHIO — (fox'i I xri:i) )
«
Purpose of the Homccopathic Society of Cincinnati — Hill of the Eclectic Medical Insti-
tute of Cincinnati Converted to Homoeopathy — Shepherd, the Pioneer in Hamilton
County — Reminiscences of Early Physicians — Pulte, the Founder. Scholar and Phy-
sician— The Western College of Homoeopathic Medicine.
The period from 1840 to 1852 in the history of Ohio homoeopathy is
important. The Homoeopathic Society of Cincinnati was con-'ixiscd larp^ely of
laymen and had a thousand members whose purpose w^ns to vindicate homoe-
opathy and to uphold the truth reoarding the cholera epidemic : to petition the
assembly of 1849 ^o^ ^" ^^ct establishing- a homoeopathic college; to promulgate
the lectures by Storm Rosa in 184Q; to organize a college at Cleveland in
1850; and to promote the advancement of the system throughout the towns of
the state. On September 2. 185 1. a convention of the homoeopathic physicians
of Ohio was called to meet at Colttmbus and organize a state society. The
occasion witnessed several interesting events. Dr. Benjamin L. Hill, who had
been a member of the faculty of the Cincinnati Eclectic Institute, avowed his
conversion to homoeopathy and gave his reasons, which were afterward pub-
lished in a series of articles in the " Magazine of Homoeopathy." Dr. Hill was
born December 8. 1813. For some years he was professor of anatomy and
surgery in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, and was one of the
founders of the Western Homoeopathic College at Cleveland. He was profes-
sor of the principles and practice of surgery in that school, and also gave a
course of lectures in the St. Louis Homoeopathic College in i860. He was
the author of a \vork on eclectic surgery, published in iS^^o, and in conjunction
with Dr. J. G. Hunt, published a work on homoeopathic surgery, issued in
Cleveland in 18^5. In 1859 ^''^ published a small domestic book called " Epi-
tome of the Homoeoi;)athic Healing Art.'' which became popular and which
passed through eighteen editions. . In 1863 he was appointed bv President Lin-
coln, consul to Xicarngua. where he passed one year, when his health became
impaired and he returned. He also served two terms in the Ohio legislature.
He removed from Cincinnati to Berlin in 1852. and practiced until a short
time before his death, when he went to Marysville. California, where he died.
May 13, 1871.
The pioneer homoeopath of Hamilton cotmty was Dr. Alfred Shepherd.
He g^raduated at the Eclectic Medical In.stitute in March. 1849, settled at
Springdale, and commenced the practice of homoeopathy. He was the only
homoeopathic physician at that time between Cincinnati and Dayton. A few
years later he removed to Glendale. He joined the American Institute of
Homoeopathv in 1865. His death occurred in May, 1891.
F. H. Rheiwinkle succeeded Dr. B. F. Ehrmann at Chillicothe in 1849,
and practiced homceopathy there two years when he abandoned medicine for
dentistry.
Dr. Adolph Bauer, one of the Allentown coterie who practiced for a time
Seven Old Fellows.
HISTORY OF IIOMCEOPATHY . 179
at Lynn township, Pa., and graduated from the academy, was born and edu-
cated in Germany. He located in Cincinnati in 1848, where he acquired a
large practice and where he passed his Hfe. He died suddenly October 13,
1867, aged 61 years. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1846.
Isedorich Ehrmann, brother of Benjamin, was lx)rn in Jaxsthausen and
received his medical education in Germany. He arrived in New York in the
spring of 1833, settling at first at Carlisle, Pa. He later went to Baltimore,
Md. In 1857 he was in practice in Buffalo, N. Y., and afterward located
in Cincinnati. He died June 7, 1890.
J. W. Leech was for a time located at Xenia. In i860 he settled in
Cincinnati.
Ephraim Craig Beckwith was born in Bronson, Huron county, Ohio, De-
cember 6, 1824. In 1851 he attended his first course of lectures in the medical
department of Michigan University. In 1853 he graduated at the Geneva,
N. Y., Medical College. The next year he located at Marietta, Ohio, in part-
nership with Dr. A. J. Sawyer. In 1856 he married Fanny Forest. After ten
years of practice he removed to Zanesville where he remained for twelve
years. In 1873 he took charge of the sanitarium at College Hill, Ohio. This
position on account of ill health he relinquished in 1874 and went to Columbus,
where he remained in practice mitil his death, November 21, 1880. He was
a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy and of the state societies.
Arthur T. Bissell located at Toledo in 1848. He was professor in the
Western College in 1852. He removed to New York and engaged in manu-
facturing. S. S. Lungren settled at Toledo in 1862 and took Dr. Bissell's
office apartments. Dr. Lungren died March 6, 1892.
In 1849 ^^- John Gilman located at Cleveland, where he remained but a
few years. With several others he started the " Northern Ohio Medical and
Scientific Examiner." It was not long continued.
In 1852 Dr. Kyle, an old school graduate, was practicing homoeopathy at
Birmingham,
Dr. George Hill, brother to Benjamin, graduated from the Western Homoe-
opathic College. February 26, 1853. He located at Berlin Heights where he
practiced until his death.
Dr. E. W. Cowles commenced the practice of homoeopathy at Cleveland
in 1845. He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia
and a convert to homoeopathy. He had been practicing since 1832, or earlier,
as an allopath.
Dr. Robert Albert Snow was the first homoeopathic student in Cleveland,
studying with Dr. Wlieeler. After graduating he went to New York.
Dr. Henry Wigand located at Ravenna in 1846, later went to Sandusky,
from there to Springfield, and later located in Dayton. In 185 1 he published
the Dayton '" Heraid'of Health."
Charles D. Williams located in Cleveland in 1846. He aided in the organ-
ization of the homoeopathic college and was professor of principles and practice
of homoeopathy. He went to St. Paul, Minn., in i860.
In August. 1850, Lewis Dodge came from Detroit and located in Cleve-
land, and later filled the chair of materia medica in the college.
William Webster was born in Monroe county, Ohio, January 12, 1827.
His father. Dr. Elias Webster, was a pioneer homoeopathic physician. He
had been an allopath in Pennsylvania, and later in Butler county, Ohio. He
180
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
was a descendant of Noah Webster, the lexicographer. His mother, Mary
Kain, was the daughter of an Ohio pioneer. Dr. Webster was educated at the-
Ohio Wesleyan University, and also at Farmer's College, where he graduated
in 1848. He then entered the Cincinnati Eclectic Institute, graduating in 1851.
He moved to Middletown, Ohio, where he began the practice of allopathy,,
but he had listened to the lectures of Dr. Rosa, and they had impressed him.
He made trials of homceopathy, and in two or three years adopted the new sys-
tem.. Dr. Webster remained nine years at Middletown, but in 1858 went
to Dayton. At that time there were but two homoeopathic physicians in Day-
ton, Dr. Bosler and Dr. Wigand, and Webster bought out Wigand. He-
remained in Dayton the rest of his life. He had three sons, two of whom
are physicians. He was a member of the institute and of the state and county
societies. His death occurred May 22, 1894.
Dr. Horatio P. Gatchell was a graduate of Bowdoin College in Brunswick,
Maine. He studied for the ministry and as late as 1843 '""^ was a preacher of the
gospel. He subsequently studied med-
icine, and in 1849-50 was a professor
in the Eclectic Medical Institute of
Cincinnati. At that time he was in-
vestigating homoeopathy. In 1850 he
became associated with Dr. Pulte in
the "American Magazine of Homoeop-
athy." In 185 1 he became professor
of pathology and practice in the
Cleveland Homoeopathic College. In
1865 he was connected with the Hahn-
emann Medical College of Chicago.
He established a sanitarium at Ken-
osha, Wis., and later removed to Ashe-
ville, N. C, where he remained until'
his death, March 27, 1885. In May,
1852, Dr. Gatchell writes: "When
last year I wrote you from Painesvillc
I was here as a visitor, now I write
from under my own rooftree ; then I
was engaged in private practice in Cin-
cinnati ; now I am laying the founda-
tions of an infirmary upon one of the
most salubrious spots in the western-
country."
Dr. George William Barnes graduated at the Western Homoeopathic Col-
lege in 1852. In 1869 he went to California.
Dr. Hamilton Ring graduated at the Homoeopathic Mcvlical College of
Pennsylvania in 1851. He then located at Urbana. He writes: "Homoe-
opathy had few supporters in Urbana in the beginning of 1852, three or foui"
families only being prepared to rely upon it in cases of severe sickness. Two
physicians had been here for very short periods a year or two before, but had
not found the encouragement to remain they wished. During 1852 my income-
from practice was but $300; in 1853 only $450. From year to year the prac-
tice has steadily increased, except during the war period, when the field was:
in charge of two men who neglected the interests of practice. With the excep-
Alfrcd Shepherd, iM. D.
IITSTORY OF HOMa-:or\\THY IHl
lion of the period between 1857 and 1865, durini; which period 1 practiced
homoeopathy at Port Gibson, Miss., I have resided in L'rbana." Dr. Ring died
on November 12, 1884.
In 1854 or 1855 Dr. T. W. Cuscaden, a graduate of the Eclectic Medical
Institute, located in Lebanon, Warren county, and was the first homoeopathic
physician in that locality. Although it was said that he could not remain,
he did so until his death in 1861. Dr. Charles Cropper went to Lebanon in
January, 1861, remaining there until 1863, when he went to Cincinnati. He
practiced there until 1869, when he returned to Lebanon. He was born at
Lexington, Ky.. September 16, 1826, graduated from Eclectic Medical Insti-
tute in 1854. In 1864 he founded the " American Homoeopathist," which was
published three years.
r.enjamin Ehrmann was a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, born in the
village of Jaxsthausen, March 3, 1812. His father and grandfather were physi-
cians and both practiced medicine in his native village. As has been stated,
he came to America when a young man, attended lectures in Philadelphia,
graduated at Allentown Academy, and then located at Harrisburg, where he
married. Later on he determined to follow the western emigration and lived
for a time at Chillicothe, where he practiced for a short time in 1848, but becom-
ing acquainted with Dr. Pidte, he was persuaded to remove to Cincinnati and
there formed a partnership with Pulte. Then came the terrible epidemic of
cholera in 1849 and the two made a reputation most enviable, despite of the
envy of the opposing medical school that sought to destroy the "ignorarit Ger-
man fanatics." Ehrmann was one of the early members of the American Insti-
tute of Homoeopathy, joining in 1846. He was a Swedenborgian, as were
many of the older homoeopathists. His last illness was of short duration and
he died March 15. 1886, in his 75th year. He left six children, of whom two
sons became practicing physicians in Cincinnati.
James George Hunt was born in Cincinnati September 2, 1822. He
attended Woodward College, Cincinnati, and Yale College. He studied medi-
cine with Dr. F. V. Morrow, the founder of the Eclectic Medical College of
Cincinnati. On graduating he was offered the professorship of chemistry in a
medical school recently established in Memphis, but declined it and became
partner with Dr. Morrow in the spring of 1849. The same year he married
Sarah E. Palmer., During the prevalence of the cholera epidemic. Dr. Hunt
made his first experiments in homoeopathy, and his success was such that he
soon began its practice. In 1855, with Dr. B. L. Hill, he pubhshed a book
on the homoeopathic practice of surgery, which had ^ ready sale. The same
year he was elected to the chair of surgery in the Western "College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine. He was for a time connected with " The Homoeopathist,"
a journal started by Dr. Cropper. In 1872, wath Dr. Alonzo Bishop of Ithaca,
N. Y., Dr. Hunt established a sanitarium at the White Sulphur and Tar
Springs, near Cloverport, Ky. He died a few years later.
William Owens commenced to practice homoeopathy in Cincinnati in
1849. He was born in Warren, Trumbull county, April 24, 1823; went to
Cincinnati in 1837; attended Woodward College, and then entered a drug
store. He volunteered for service in the Mexican war and was in several bat-
tles. At the close of the war he returned to Cincinnati and began to study
medicine, graduating in 1849. In the fall of that year he began the practice
of liomoeopathy and became demonstrator in the institute. Later, he held the
same position in the Western College of Homoeopathy at Cleveland. In 1855
182
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
he took charG:e of a water cure establishment at Granville. In i86i he raised
a company ni cavalry and was appointed first lieutenant, and later was pro-
moted captain. He also acted as assistant surgeon and quartermaster. After
the war he returned to Cincinnati to practice. On May 12, 1853, he married
Sarah E. Wilcox of Cincinnati. June i, i865> he was appointed a pension
examining surgeon for Hamilton county. He was also professor of anatomy
in Puite Medical College.
Dr. Storm Rosa was born in Coxsackie. Green county, N. Y., July 18,
1 79 1. He studied medicine with Dr. Doubleday, of Catskill, Dr. Taw Green,
of Chenango county, and Dr. Clyde, of Broome county, N. Y. After three
vears study he was examined by the board of censors of Senaca county, and
William Owens, M. D.
was granted a license March 9, 1816. Pie then located in Madison, Ohio, prac-
ticed there until October, 18 18, when he removed to Painesville. While in
Madison he married Sophia Kimball, by whom he had two children, Lemuel
K, and Catherine Rosa. Lemuel became a homoeopathic physician. In 1841
Dr. Rosa began to investigate homoeopathy at the suggestion of friends who
had been using homoeopathic medicine with success. He received the assis-
tance of Dr. Barlow, of New York, and Dr. Pulte, of Cincinnati, who supplied
him with books and medicines. In 1843 he formally adopted the system. Dr.
E. M. Hale thus writes of him : " When the Eclectic Medical College of Cin-
cinnati was organized, it was understood by the legislature that chartered it
and the original faculty that it w-as to be organized upon the broadest basis of
ture eclecticism. Drs. Morrow, Plill, Gatchcll and other able men were mem-
bers of the faculty, and Dr. Rosa was selected bv the h(inKTeopathists of Ohio
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY
18:i
as a suitable per.Min to occupy the chair of theory and practice of homoeopathy.
His labors in that ctjlle^e mark an era of homteopatliy in the west. They gjave
an impetus to the system that is felt even to this dav. He began one course
of lectures, which had the effect of converting not only one-third of the class,
but two of his most prominent eclectic colleagues in the faculty. Drs. Hill and
Gatchell. This was a result not relished by the eclectic school and Dr. Rosa
was deposed from his position."
The trustees formally abolished this chair August 22. 1850. A trustee
published a letter to the " American Journal of Homoeopathy " for October,
1850, in which he said that as there
were many errors in homoeopathy,
and as the students were already
overburdened with study, and as the
professors were quite competent to
teach the doctrines of homoeopathy
as much as necessary, a special
homoeopathic professorship was of
no utility, especially as there had
been considerable opposition in the
ranks of the homoeopathic school.
When the Western College of
Homoeopathic Medicine was opened
in Cleveland in the fall of 1850, Dr.
Rosa was tendered the chair of ob-
stetrics and diseases of women,
which position he occupied for sev-
eral years. When the St. Louis
Homoeopathic College was estab-
lished he was offered the chair of
theory and practice, but declined.
He presided over the first meeting
of homoeopaths held in Ohio, at Bur-
ton, and there were but nine phy-
sicians present. Dr. Rosa died at
Painesville, May 3, 1864.
Lemuel K. Vosa was born in 1827. He graduated at the Eclectic Medical
Institute of Cincinnati, and soon afterward, 1849, associated in practice with
Dr. Adam Miller of Cincinnati, with whom he remained a year. In the spring
of 1850 he became associated with Dr. H. P. Gatchell. His health was now
feeble, he having for some time been subject to pulmonary hemorrhage. He
returned to his" father's home and attempted to practice with Dr. Manter,
of Elyria, but was again obliged to give it up. He died February 29. 1854,
aged twenty-seven vears.
Dr. David Herrick Beckwith was born at Bronson, Feb. 13, 1826, and
read medicine with Dr. John Tifift, of Norwalk, from 1846 to 1849: attended
lectures at Cleveland Medical College in 1847-48, and graduated from the
eclectic and homoeopathic departments of the Eclectic Medical Institute of
Cincinnati in 1849. ^^ 1850-51 he attended the first course of lectures at the
Eastern College of Homoeopathic Medicine, and received an honorary degree
in the latter vear. He became a partner with Dr. TiiTt at Norwalk. remaining
there until 1852, when he removed to Marietta, being the first homoeopathist
Storm Rosa, M. D.
U H. BKCKwn-H. M. I). J. C. SANnKKS. M I. ! rank Kra.-t. M. D. H. F. B.GOAr. M. D.
J. R. HORNER. M. IJ. <- "■ ^2VAY, M. n.
U H. Vi. IS, M, D.
H. B. Van Norman. M D. <>• ^ I'ai.mkr, M. I)
W. A. Phiu.ihs, M. D. H. H. Baxter, M. D.
H. D. Bishop, M. D.
G. J. Jones. M. D.
TROMINENT CLEVELAND HOMOEOPATHS.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 1H5
there. In 1853 '^^ located at Zanesville, and in 1861 settled in Qeveland.
During the first two years of practice he used allopathic medicines largely,
testing homoeopathy. His attention was first called to it while a student. In
the Cleveland Lyceum the topic was presented : "Resolved, That Homoeop-
athy is the greatest humbug of the age." Dr. Beckwith was appointed on
the negative side, which compelled him to investigate the principles of the
new school. He consulted Drs. John Wheeler and C. D. Williams, who loaned
him homoeopathic books and assisted him in understanding the doctrines of
Hahnemann. The debate lasted for five hours and was decided in the nega-
tive. In 185 1 and 1852 Dr. Beckwith, with others, who had entire control of
the county buildings, tested thoroughly the comparative merits of homoeopathy
and allopathy in scarlet fever and dysentery. The result was so much in
favor of homreopathy that the old use of drugs was abolished. Dr. Beck-
with is a representative man among the Ohio homceopathists. He is a mem-
ber of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, an organizer of the state
society and member of various county societies. He ' is still in practice in
Cleveland.
In the year 1846 the first homoeopathic pharmacy in Ohio was opened
in Cleveland by B. H. Bartlett, at the corner of Superior street and public
square. In 1845, J- ^- DeSilver opened a pharmacy in Cincinnati. He was
agent for the Leipsic pharmacy. In July, 1849, Dr. H. F. Davis opened a
pharmacy in the same city and at the same time conducted a free dispensary
for cholera patients. He sold out to Dr. Parks in the summer of 185 1. In
the Cincinnati " Journal of Homoeopathy " he advertises that " having bought
Dr. Davis' pharmacy and entirely resigned out-door practice will prepare
prescriptions at the pharmacy.'' This pharmacy was sold in 1863 to G. W.
Smith and A. F. Worthington, who dissolved partnership in 1873. In Febru-
ary, 1892, Boericke & Tafel bought out Mr. Worthington. Dr. S. Bailey
opened a small pharmacy in Toledo in 1865, and Dr. G. Wolfif conducted a
pharmacy at Zanesville in 1886. A Mr. Hernig had a pharmacy at Wheeling
at one time, and T. L. A. Greve had one in Cincinnati.
William Fiske conducted a homoeopathic drug store in Cleveland about
1850, and later took John Hall as partner. On January i, 1853. ]\Ir. Fiske
left the firm and Mr. Hall continued the business for a time and was then
succeeded by his son, John B. Hall. In 1865 he sold out to Drs. D. H. Beck-
wuth and N. Schneider. On January i, 1867, Dr. T. P. Wilson entered the
firm. In 1866, Dr. Beckwith bought the pharmacy, taking as partner Mr.
L. H. Wilte, who in 1869 bought out Dr. Beckwith and became sole pro-
prietor.
In 1851, Drs. B. Ehrmann, Adam Miller and G. W. Bigler established
^' The Cincinnati Journal of Homoeopathy." It was issued by the Society of
Homoeopathic Ph} sicians in Cincinnati.
Homoeopathic physicians in Ohio previous to i860. The date preceding
the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoeopathy.
The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some other
school ; the character x indicates that ph}sician practiced medicine before the
■date given.
1843 Adams, R. E. W. Cleveland 1857 Bauer, Ad., Jr. x Cincinnati
1857 Appleby, Dr. x Dayton 1847 Barker, G. W. Cleveland
1858 Arnott, Mrs. C. Amherst 1857 Bartow, A. C. x Lancaster
1840 Bauer, Adolph Cincinnati 1845 Bartlett, B. H. Cleveland
186
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1857
185 1
i8S7
1857
1851
1853
1850
1857
1848
1857
1848
1850
1858
1851
1857
1857
1857
1857
1857
1849
1857
1844
1857
185 1
183s
1857
185 1
1836
1852
1857
1853
1859
1857
1845
1846
1854
i8S4
1846
1848
1857
1859
1857
1861
1857
1850
184s
1840
1833
1857
1848
1865
1852
1857
1857
1 840
i860
Barber, Dr. x Zanesville
Barnes, George W. Mount Vernon
Barnes, L. x Delaware
Barry, Mrs. E. H. x Cleveland
Beach, S. A.
Beeman, J.
Beckwith, David H. Cleveland
Beckwith, Ephriam C. Cleveland
Beckwith, I. B. Norwalk
Beckwith, Seth R. Cleveland
Beck, W. X Cincinnati
Bigler, George W. Cincinnati
Bigelow, F. X Toledo
Bissell, Arthur F. Toledo
Blair, Alonzo O. x Columbus
Blair, Giles S. * Galion
Blair, George H. Columbus
Blakeney, J. T. x Somerset
Bliss, A. A. X Columbus
Bottsford, O. K. x Wellsville
Bosler, Jacob x Dayton
Boyle, Dr. x Dayton
Brainard, Jehu Cleveland
Brush, A. X Cincinnati
Burritt, Alexander H. Burton
Bush, R. B. X Cadily
Bryce, Dr.
Cain, William Ravenna
Caspari, Edward Ravenna
Chase, H. H. x Painesville
Coman. Isaac W. Jefferson
Cope, Dr. Plymouth
Cook. Helen
Coburn. S. H. x Adrian
Coulter, James H. x Columbus
Gushing, Charles F. Cleveland
Connolly, P. J. x Massillon
Cowles. E. W. Cleveland
Crosby, Dr. x Akron
Cropper, Charles Cincinnati
Cuscaden, T. W. Lebanon
Davis, Frederick A. W. * Cincinnati
Davis, H. F. Cincinnati
Davis, H. J. X Cincinnati
Davis. John Greenfield
Dawayer. A. I. x Norwalk
Detweiler. Wm. M. River Styks P. O.
Dennis, J. W.
De Silver
Diller, J. M. x Ashland
Drake, S. L. x Cleveland
Dodge, Lewis Adrian
Ehrmann, Benjamin F. Chillicothe
Ehrmann, L * Cincinnati
Edson, Mrs. S. A. x Cleveland
Fall. John C. * Springfield
Ferris, O. * Upper Sandusky
Flowers, F. L. * New Lexington
Fuller, Dr. x Fairfield
Fulton, S. J. x Toledo
Garrettson, Jesse Cincinnati
Garrcttson, Jos. x Cincinnati
1849
1854
1847
1857
851
853
857
842
857
857
857
863
857
848
853
851
8^2
844
857
849
857
8so
857
857
857
852
8S7
857
852
855
848
849
8:^2
850
843
857
857
S42
849
853
868
850
85 T
85^
849
845
846
846
860
840
848
849
851
S45
843
84T
Gatchell, Horatio P. * Cleveland
Gaylord, Edward P. Toledo
Gilman, John Cleveland
Gilson, E. D. x Ohio City
Gray, W. W. x Cleveland
Goff, Philip H. Geneva
Goodrich, W. B. x Hiram
Gorgas, Charles R. * Wooster
Gross, E. F. x Marion
Harris, Dr. x Mansfield
Hawk, J. A. X West Lebanon
Hamisfar. C. H. * St. Marys
Herrick, C. B.
Hering, H. x Steubenville
Hill, Benjamin L. * Berlin Hts.
Hill, George L. Berlinville
Hollingsworth, Z. Oregon
Holcombe, William H. * Cincinnati
Hoyt, Daniel O. * Cleveland
Howells, X Urbana
Hunt, James G. Cincinnati
Hussey, C. St. C.
Johnson, J. M. x Cleveland
Kinsell, D. R.
Keys, D. C. x Oberlin
Koch, W. X Zanesville
Kissey, J. x Oregon
Kramer, D. T. x Sandusky
Kyle, Dr.
Leech, J. W.
Leach, William C. x Xenia
Linton, J. G. x Hamburgh
Macy, Benjamin C. * Elyria
Massey, Isaiah B. * Sandusky
Manter, N. H. Elyria
Miller, Adam * Cincinnati
]\liller, Thomas * Cleveland
Myers, Jacob x Ashland
Morrill, Alpheus * Akron
Niess, J. X Canton
Northrup, D. W. x Sherman
Oesterlin, Charles * Findlay
Owens, William * Cincinnati
Parks, John M. x Cincinnati
Peckham, George F. * Rawsonville
Pearson, Clement Wellsville
Pearson, William x Dayton
Prentiss, A. N. Jefferson
Peck, William Cincinnati
Plymouth. A. H. Painsville
Podzoe, Father Somerset
Price, William x Cincinnati
Prowell, Dr.
Pritchard, J. A. * Eaton
Pulte, Joseph H. Cincinnati
Prctsch, Curt Wellsville
Reynolds,
Rheiwinkle, F. H. Chillicothe
Ring, Hamilton Urbana
Richmond, R. W. Charlton
Rodger s, George B. * Chagrin Falls
Rosa, Storm Painesville
HISTORY OF HO-MCEOPATHY
1S7
iS^y Rosa. Lemuel K.
1X54 Rush, Robert B. Springfield
iS_|6 Saal. Gerhard Springfield
1X55 Sanders, John Chapin Cleveland
1X57 Sapp, G. W. X Tiffin
1X57 Sachse, H. S. x Chillicothe
1X43 Schlagel, Amherst
1X57 Sceale, Dr. x Cincinnati
1857 Schueler, G. x Cleveland
1857 Schell, D. X Canton
1849 Shepherd, Alfred Springdale
1845 Shepherd, David * Bainbridge
1857 Smith, H. L. x Mount Vernon
1857 Smith, E. W. x Higginsport
1844 Snow Ralph A. Cleveland
1853 Sook, Henry L. * Pomeroy
1854 Spangler. R. W. Chillicothe
Stanley, Nelson
1851 Starr, Calvin Springfield
1857 Steemm, C. W. x Piqua
184s Stevens, D. Windsor
1839 Strum, William Cincinnati
1857 Stockton. C. L. x Painesville
1857 Straw. J. X Cincinnati
1857 Stohl. F. X Ganges
Stokes, Dr.
1857 Storm, I. W. X Cincinnati
1857 Storm, George x
857 Sturges, J. J. X Cleveland
857 Sweeney, E. I. x Nelson
8^7 Swany, I. x Charlton
857 Teller, E. R. x Newark
857 Thompson, W. x Solon
852 TifTt, John Norwalk
853 Townsend, Enoch W. * Warren
857 Turrell, G. x Cleveland
857 Turrell, G. Y. x Cleveland
855 Vail, George W. * Arlington
857 Watson, J. X Lexington
853 Wakeman, John A.* Portsmouth
853 Webster, William * Middletown
857 Werner, J. x Canton
845 Wheeler, John * Cleveland
857 Wheelan, G. x Columbiana
857 Wheat, J. N. x Oberlin
857 Whitney. Sullivan x Cleveland
854 White, Cornelius C. Marion
847 Whipple. A. Dry Ridge
852 Witherill. Edwin C. Cincinnati
857 Wilson, Thomas P. Lanesville
840 Williams, Charles D. * Cleveland
855 Wilmot, Silas G. * Rawsonville
846 Wigand, Henry Ravenna
857 Wolfard, H. L. x Wooster
857 Wooley, P. H. X Newburgh
857 Worley, H. P. x Cleveland
1.^^8 HrSTORY OF HOAFCEC )i'ATHV
CHAPTER X
HOMOiOrATHY IN LOUISIANA.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Condition of Medicine in Louisiana in Martin's Time — The Southern Honitieopathic
Medical Association — Charity Homoeopathic Hospital — Dr. Joseph Martin, the Pio-
neer Homoeopath in Louisiana — Taft, the Second Practitioner — Reminiscences of
Other Early Homoeopathic Practitioners.
Authentic historical accotmts state that homoeopathy first found lodgment
in Louisiana in 1836, in which year the system was also introduced in the
states of Ohio and Maryland. The people of the far south took kindly to the
new doctrine, and welcomed its pioneers with the warm impulses of their na-
tures ; and while the allopathic school refused to countenance the disciples of
Hahnemann, they did not carry their opposition to the extreme length of bit-
terness with which they greeted the homoeopaths in many of the states farther
north.
The story of the planting and subsequent growth oi homoeopathy in Lo'Uis-
iana is not wholly unlike that of other states, yet for some reason not easy
of explanation the school never acquired great or even proportionate strength
in the region under consideration, and this despite the fact that the physical
afflictions of mankind in the south, the peculiar maladies with which the
southerners have been periodically visited, yield more readily to homoeopathic
treatment than to that of the old school. This has been proven time and again.
The people, too, always have been ready to welcome the general outspreading
of homoeopathy, but the young practitioners fresh from the college have set
their faces in another direction, choosing the more densely populated states
and the large commercial centers as the field of professional activity. In 1878,
twenty-five years after Martin, the former French ship surgeon, first treated
in New Orleans with the little doses, there were only seventeen homoeopathic
practitioners in the state, and ten years later the number had decreased to
eight. In 1904 there were twenty-six homoeopathic physicians in the state,
twelve in New Orleans and fourteen in the sparsely settled parishes outside
of that city.
THE .SOUTHERN HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
In 1880 the less than twenty homoeopathic practitioners of the state met in
the city of New Orleans and organized a medical association under the name
of Hahnemann Medical Association of Louisiana. This body soon became
decadent and was succeeded in 1885 ^7 the Southern Homoeopathic Medical
Association. The latter society has enjoyed a continuous existence to the
prese-it time, although a re-organization was affected in 1890. The annual
meeting is held in New Orleans in January, with bi-monthly meetings for
ordinary purposes in the same city. The membership in 1903 was twenty-
two physicians.
Societe Hahnemaimienne De La Novelle Orleans was oroanized some-
HISTORY OF H0^[n<:Olv\THV 1S»'
time between 1858 and i860. It published a monthly paper called " L'llo-
moion," which, like the society itself, was soon discontinued.
The Charity Homoeopathic Hospital of New Orleans was founded in
1892 by the homoeopathic profession and its friends in the city, and was
the direct outgrowth of a refusal of certain hospital authorities to permit
homoeopathic treatment of a patient in that institution. The incident hap-
pened in 1891, and the new hospital was established in March of the next
year. It was a worthy enterprise, founded for an equally commendable pur-
pose, yet its life was short, due to a want of proper interest in its affairs,
hence its " passing " was only a natural consequence.
REMINISCENCES.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Louisiana about the same time as in
Ohio. Dr. Joseph Martin, a physician connected with the French navy, vis-
ited New Orleans and became enamoured of that brilliant city. Returning to
France, he was converted by Dr. Tournier, who practiced homoeopathy in
Lyons as early as 1834. Alartin returned to America and located in New
Orleans in 1836. Dr. Flolcombe says Martin was the first man who practiced
homoeopathy in the southern states, and that he practiced in New Orleans
until his death, in 1861. The next pioneer was a layman named Formel, who
had been an old soldier of the " Empire " and who practiced with great zeal.
The French and American people were at that time entirely separated
from each other, and the American residents knew but little of the French
practitioners. The first homoeopathic physician who established a practice
among the Americans was Dr. Robert Glass, of Flopkinsville, Ky., who from
1840 to 1844 spent the winters in New Orleans and practiced the system of
Hahnemann. About the same time two German physicians, Drs. Kiefer and
Luyties, were for a short time in practice.
In 1845, ^^- Gustavus M. Taft, of Hartford, Conn., went south. He
was born in Dedham, Mass., December 7, 1820; read medicine with Dr. Josiah
F. Flagg, of Boston; graduated at the University of New York in 1842, and
began practice in Hartford, being the second practitioner of homceopathy in
that city. His health failed and he went to New Orleans in November, 1845.
Dr. Holcombe says he was an elegant and accomplished gentleman, a thor-
oughly educated physician, and to fascinating address he added the, charm of
fine personal appearance. He acquired an immense business, and his sudden
death, August 10, 1847, ^^'^s regarded as a public calamity. Dr. Taft was
one of the original members of the American Institute of Homoeopathy.
Another of the early homoeopathists was Dr. Alexander Hamilton Bur-
ritt, who went to New Orleans in July, 1854, and of whom further mention
is rnade in the history of early homoeopathy in Ohio. Another noteworthy
practitioner was Dr. L. V. M. Taxil, who had been an allopathic professor in
France. He located in New Orleans previous to 1857, and in 1859 estab-
lished a French monthly journal, " L'Homoion, " an organ of Hahnemannian
doctrine. While attending professional duties Dr. Taxil was severely injured,
having been run over by a street car, from the effects of which he died. Aug-
ust 6, 1864, aged sixty-eight years. Dr. Taxil received his medical degree
from the Western Homoeopthic College m 1858.
Another of the French homoeopathists was Dr. Louis Caboche, who set-
tled in New Orleans about 1856. He also published a paper, " Le Practicien
Homoeopathique", a monthly commenced in 1857 and continued one year. In
190 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1861 he edited " L'Homoion, " which was the organ of the Societe Hahne-
mannienne of New Orleans. He died of typhoid fever in November, 1863,
aged seventy-two years.
Alexis Leon was born in Philadelphia in April, 181 5. After practicing
a few years in that city he removed to New Orleans, where he remained twelve
years. He was practicing homoeopathy previous to 1851. He went to New
Orleans about 1844 and left there in 1856 for New York, where he established
himself in practice. Under the direction of Dr. E. E. Marcy, he gave him-
self treatment and greatly recovered his health. During the summer of 1866,
the fear of cholera in New York caused the physicians to be overworked and
Dr, Leon was affected. In August he was taken ill and died at Long Branch,
N. J., September 2, 1866. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy
in 1846.
Dr. J. Vail was practicing homoeopathy in New Orleans as early as 1853.
In a letter he said: "We had in 1853 and 1854 five homoeopathic physicians
in full practice; this year (1855) we have four more. For the three years the
yellow fever prevailed here our loss has been six per cent. "
The homoeopathic pioneer in Mobile was Dr. James Gridley Belden, who
was born in Moscow, N. Y., September 22, 1822. He took a course at Har-
vard Medical School, studied a year with Dr. Winslow Lewis, of Boston,
two years with Dr. Taft, of Hartford, Conn., and graduated at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons in New York in March, 1846. The same year he
went to Mobile, Alabama, remained there a year and then located in New
Orleans. His attention was called to homoeopathy by seeing its good results
in the cases of friends, and making a study of it, he soon became convinced of
its truth and openly adopted it in practice. In 1852 he married Arabella
Trent, of Buffalo, N. Y. He died July 6, 1896, at New Orleans.
In 1855 Dr. Richard Angell went to New Orleans to take charge, in con-
junction with his son, of the Orphans' Home. He bought out Dr. Luyties'
pharmacy the same year. He was born in London, England, March 16, 1804.
After a year devoted to the study of pharmacy he attended the Middlesex
Hospital, then under the supervision of his uncle, Thomas Chevalier, surgeon
to George IV. Afterward he came to America, locating in Washington, D.
C, where he studied medicine with Drs. Sewall and McWilliams of Columbia
Medical College, from which he graduated in March, 1826, having held for
three years previously the position of pharmaceutist and house surgeon in
the Corporation Asylum and Hospital. He engaged in country practice in
Mississippi until 1843, when he went to Louisville, Ky. While there he be-
came a homoeopathist and adopted it in his practice. His wife's ill health
compelled a return to the south in 1847, ^^'^^ ^^^ practiced in Huntsville, Ala.,
until 1855, when failing health unfitted him for active work. He then went
to New Orleans and died there June 10, 1879, at the age of seventy-five years.
Dr. Samuel Minter Angell was the son of Richard Angell, and was born
in Jefferson county. Miss., August 2, 1833. He began the study of medicine
with his father at Huntsville, Ala., and attended lectures at the Cincinnati
Eclectic Medical Institute in 1854-55. The next year took a course at the
Medical School of Louisiana (Tulane University). In 1856-57 he attended
the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in
1857, and he also graduated from an allopathic college at Louisville, Ky. He
settled in New Orleans in practice with his father in 1858, and the partnership
lasted for twenty years until the father's death. During the yellow fever
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATIIY 191
epidemic of 1878. Dr. Aiip:cll became well known for his successful treat-
ment. He died in New Orleans, October 5, 1895, leaving a widow, two
daughters and two sons.
Dr. Adolphe Cartier, an old school practitioner of New Orleans, became a
convert to homoeopathy about 1845. I" Sinith's " Homoeopathic Directory "
for 1857 the names of A. Cartier, F. Cartier, Dr. Bailey, L. A. Bianchini, F.
W. Ferris and J. Alathieu are given as practicing homoeopathy in New Or-
leans. Dr. D. S. Oliphant was practicing in New Orleans in* 1857. An in-
teresting letter from him may be found in the " Family Journal of Homoeo-
pathy" for October, 1854, regarding the yellow fever in Mississippi in 1853.
At that time Dr. Oliphant was living in Natchez. He says : " During the
Wm. H. Holcombe, M. D.
height of the epidemic I remained at Natchez assisting in attendance on the
more critical cases of }ellow fever occurring in homoeopathic families. For
several years I had abandoned medical practice on account of feeble health ;
and had not the urgency of the case impelled me, I should have remained an
indifferent spectator of the struggle between the several schools of medicine.
But the calls of my friends for aid at this trying crisis forced me to active
duty; and gratitude to Dr. Davis for his kind attention to me personally dur-
ing a relapse of yellow fever, mduced me to give him all the aid I could as
nurse and assistant in his cases. " In the midst of this duty Dr. Oliphant was
called to Jefferson county, thirty-six miles distant, where the epidemic was so
severe that the planters had banded together for mutual aid. The few homoeo-
pathic families living there preferred that treatment, and it was their appli-
cation to Drs. Davis and Holcombe that induced Dr. Oliphant to go there.
192 HISTORY Ol' HOAKEOPATHY
WM. II. IIOLCDMBK, M. D.
The one man whose name always will be associated with the growth of
homoeopathy in the south, the Hering of southern homoeopathy, is William
Henry Holcombe, physician, author, poet, humanitarian. He was born in
Lynchburg, Va., May 29, 1825. His grandfather was Colonel Philemon
Holcombe, who ran away from Hampden College and enlisted at the begin-
ning of the revolutionary war, serving through it. He was an officer in
Harry Lee's famous regiment and acted as aide-de-camp to General LaFay-
ette at the seige of Yorktown.
Dr. Holcombe's father was Dr. William J. Holcombe. a successful physi-
cian of Madison, Ind., with whom the young man studied medicine. He at- •
tended one year at Washington College, Va., and had just prepared to enter
the junior class at Yale College when his parents liberated their negroes
and removed to Madison. He took a scientific course in Washington
College, Lexington, Va., attended medical lectures at the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania in 1845-47, and graduated there in the latter
3'ear, After practicing three years with his father in Madison, he
went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he resided from 1850 to 1852. While
there he became a convert to the teachings of Swedenborg, and also to homoeo-
pathy. He practiced in Natchez, Miss., from 1852 to 1855 and then he re-
moved to Waterproof, La. In 1864 he v/ent to New Orleans and lived in that
city until his death, excepting a short time spent in Cincinnati in 1886. In
1852 he married Rebecca Palmer, of Cincinnati, who was interested in medi-
cine and was seen in the doctor's office nearly as frequently as himself. He
was a voluminous writer both of medical articles and books. He also published
several volumes of poems and one novel. His first pamphlet, " The Scientific
Basis of Homoeopathy, " was issued in 1851, and was of great value in mak-
ing converts to the new medical system. The manuscript of his last book,
"The Truth About Homoeopathy, " was found in his desk after his death. In
1853, during the yellow fever epidemic. Dr. Holcombe and Dr. F. A. W; Davis
were appointed physicians to the Mississippi State Hospital, and although
powerful efforts were made in the legislature to expel them from office the
committee which investigated the matter reported favorably and they were
retained.
Dr. Holcombe became a member of the xAmerican Institute of Homoeo-
pathy in i860, and also was a member of various other medical societies. His
books on non-medical subjects were " Our Children in Heaven, " " The Sexes
Here and Hereafter, " '•' In Both Worlds, " " The Other Life, " and a work
of poetry called " Southern Voices. " Dr. Holcombe died November 28, 1893.
Another of the pioneers of homoeopathy in Louisiana was Dr. James D.
Bratt, son of Edward Bratt, of Pittsburgh, Pa., and a graduate in 1852 of the
HonKxoi)athic Medical College of Pennsylvania. IJe died September 22, 185s.
In the directory of 1857 ap])ear the names of Dr. Booth, at Newell's
Ridge; Dr. Couel, ac Catahoola Parish; Dr. L. H. Dorsay, at Kirk's Ferry;
Dr. Gab, at Carrollton ; Dr. Postlcthwaite, at Carroll Parish ; Dr. L. Stempel,
at Star, and Dr. Wirz, at Milliken Bend, but no data are obtainable of them.
In T853 Dr. Luyties established a homoeopathic pharmacy in New ( )'■-
leans, and in 185s sold out to Dr. Richard Angell. In 1856 Drs. Leon and
Burritt established a pliprniacv in New Orleans and carried on business fo'- a
short time. Dr. dc YWlvucuvv kept a small pharmacy in the city for six
HlSTukY ()!• IIUMCKOI'ATHY
It:;
months. About 1860 l^r. J. A. D'Hemicourt opened a pliarmacy, which was
closed in 1875. after his death. In Xovcmber, 1877, I^'Ocricke & Tafel estab-
lished a branch pharmacy in the city and placed it under the charge of
Mr. T. Engelbach. who on A larch i, 1884. bouj^^ht and has since continued it.
A French society was formed in Xew Orleans in 1858, and was con-
tinued for a short time. The New Orleans Relief Association was continued
during the yellow fever epidemic of 1878. It furnished food, nurses and
homoeopathic medicines to the sick. The Hafmemann Medical Association of
Louisiana was organized in 1880, but was discontinued in 1885.
Homoeopathic physicians in Louisiana previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name intlicates the >ear ihe physician began the practice of homceo-
pathv. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1844 Angell, Richard * New Orleans 1858
1857 Angell, Samuel M. Xew Orleans 1857
1857 Bailey, Walter * New Orleans 1840
1846 Belden, James G. * New Orleans . 1^52
1857 Bianchini, L. A. x New Orleans 1840
1857 Booth, Dr. X Newells Ridge 1S46
1852 Bratt; James D. Waterproof 1853
1840 Burritt, Alexander H. New Orleans ; "57
1857 Burritt, Mrs. x New Orleans r '36
1850 Cartier, Adolphe * New Orleans '"57
1850 Cartier. F. New Orleans 1857
1856 Caboche, L. New Orleans i 57
1857 Couel, Dr. x Catahoola Parish '-^44
1857 Dorsey, L. H. x Kirks Ferry ' -8
i860 D'Hemicourt, J. A. New Orleans i 57
i860 Delcroi.x. P. New Orleans i 'j
1857 F"erris, F. W. x New Orleans
Formel, Dr. New Orleans
Gab. Dr. .x Carrollton
Glass. Robert New Orleans
Holcombc, William H. * New Orleans
Kiefer, Dr. New Orleans
Leon, Alexis New Orlean^
Luyties, Dr. New Orleans
Mathieu, J. x New Orleans
Martin, Joseph New Orleans
Oliphant, D. S. x New Orleans
Postlethwaite x Carroll Parish
Stempel, L. x Star P. O.
Tait. Gustavus M. New Orleans
Taxil. L. V. M. New Orleans
Vail, J. X New Orleans
Wirz. H. X Alilliken Bend
194 HISTORY OF HOATCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XT
HOMOEOPATHY IN MARYLAND.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The Maryland Homceopathic State Medical Society — Other Societies — Fehx R. Mc-
Manus. the Pioneer — His Life and Experiences — Schmidt, the Prussian Convert —
I^aynel, the German, and Busch, the Saxon — Cyriax, Hardy and Geiger — List of
Early Practitioners.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Maryland was a native of the state and,
withal, a physician of excellent ability, perfectly conscientious, and of suffi-
cient determination of character to withstand the opposition of the forces of
the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, as the oro^anized allopathic profession
in the state always has been known.
Dr. Shower's historv of the Southern Homoeopathic Medical College and
Hospital of P)altimore m another chapter of this work gives an interesting
account of early homoeopathv in Baltimore, and also presents a faithful nar-
rative of the conditions existing in tlie state when the first homoeopaths en-
tered the field. In 1875 there were fifty-seven homoeopathic practitioners in
Maryland, thirty-five of whom were in Baltimore. '
THE MARYLAND STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL .SOCIETY.
The society of the name above given dates its history from the year
1887, and was the outgrowth of the Medical Institute of Homoeopathy, estab-
lished in 1882, while the latter was the direct successor of the still older Mary-
land Homoeopathic Society of Baltimore City, which was incorporated in 1875,
and was a state society notwithstanding the local character implied by its
name. The society last mentioned was organized in Baltimore on December
16, 1875, at which time a constitution was adopted, and officers were elected as
follows : Dr. Elias C. Price of Baltimore, president ; Dr. Thomas F. Pomeroy
and Dr. Fl. R. Fetterhoff, both of Baltimore, vice-presidents ; Dr. H. A. Un-
derwood of Baltimore, secretary ; Dr. Jacob Schmidt of Baltimore, treasurer ;
Dr. J. B. Crane of Bel Air, George Fechtig of Flagerstown and Dr. A. A.
Roth of Frederick, censors. The society held annual meetings with fair reg-
ularity until 1882, and was then dissolved. On November 15 of the same
year a meeting of homoeopathic physicians of the state was held in Baltimore
and organized the Maryland Institute of Homoeopathy, with these officers:
Dr. Elias C. Price of Baltimore, president ; Dr. George T. Shower of Balti-
more, vice-president ; Dr. O. Edward Janney of Baltimore, secretary and
treasurer; Dr. Eldridge C. Price of Baltimore, historian; Drs. Flora A. Brew-
ster, A. R. Barrett and William B. Turner, censors. This society met semi-
annually in Baltimore and continued its existence until April 11, 1887, when
it adjourned sine die. It was immediately succeeded bv the present society,
which dates its history from the day mentioned. The first officers were Dr.
Joseph Lloyd Martin, president; Drs. N. W. Kneass and Thom.as E. Sears,
HIST(JRY OF HOMCEOl'ATKY
195
vice-presidents; Dr. Irving Miller, secretary; Dr. Thomas Shearer, treasurer;
Drs. N. W. Mark, E. S. Conlyn and H. Wilbur, censors. This society has
maintained an active and useful existence to the present time, and numbers
about seventy-five members.
The Baltimore Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Baltimore
September 24, 1874, and was continued until 1883, when it was dissolved.
The Medical Investigation Club of Baltimore was organized November
5, 1881, with five members, for the especial purpose of promoting the investi-
gation of medical and scientific subjects, and social intercourse of those who
united with it. In this respect the club had fulfilled an important mission in
the homoeopathic professional life of Baltimore and generally has been the
Thomas Shearer, M. D.
means of accomplishing much good. Its methods are wholly democratic and
its meetings are occasions of social enjoyment.
The Homoeopathic Clinical Society of Maryland and the District of Co-
lumbia was organized October i, 1890, a union of the Homoeopathic Society
of Maryland and the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the District of Co-
lumbia.
The Maryland Homoeopathic Hospital of Baltimore was opened October
9, 1890. Its history is sufficiently mentioned in connection with that of the
college of which it forms a part.
196 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Felix R. McManus, to whom is accorded the honor of having first
carried the gospel of Hahnemann to the Marylanders, was born in Baltimore,
i\[ay 30, 1807. He was educated chiefly at Georgetown University, and later
was a student in medicine at the Baltimore Infirmary. He took his degree
in medicine at the University of Maryland in April, 1829, and began practice
in Baltimore in that year, but in 1837 the (to him) unaccountable loss of a
patient so disturbed his mind m regard to the settled rule of pr'actice of that
school that he instinctively turned ni another direction in the hope of arriving
at some satisfactory conclusion respecting the evident mistakes of that school's
methods, and at the same time to provide himself with more rational and sane
means of cure. It was then that his attention was called to homoeopathy by
one of the Catholic clergy ; he was led to investigate, and investigation brought
him into a new light in the world of medicine.
'* I claim the honor of having been the first physician of Maryland who
attempted such investigation, " said Dr. McManus in writing the story of
homoeopathy in iiis native state. And again he says : " Homoeopathy here, as
well as elsewhere, had a ' hard road to travel,' as, in all other places, nothing
but its success could vindicate its adoption; and now it enjoys a proud and en-
viable position."
This most worthy pioneer of homoeopathy lived to good old age, and died
in his native city March 3, 1885. He was a charter member of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy, and for manv years was a conspicuous figure in the
assemblages of his professional brethren. The story of his early experiences
ahva\s found willing listeners, and he was looked upon as the father of his
school in Maryland as long as he lived. At a meeting of the institute held at
Milwaukee in 1880 he narrated the history of his early practice and of his
conversion to homceopathy, and the published accounts of his story have been
drawn upon to ilkistrate in this chapter something of the life of the practi-
tioner of Hahnemann's doctrine during the second quarter of the last century.
Dr. McManus frequently expressed regret that there was so little organ-
ization among his professional brethren m Maryland, and in one of his public
addresses he annoimced that the state was without either college or hospital
and that no homteopathic publication was issued from within its borders.
The worthy old veteran lived, however, to participate in the organization of a
flourishing state society and to witness the establishment of others ; and had
he lived five more years his desire to witness the establishment of a college
of homoeopathic medical learning would have been gratified, for in 1890 th.-:
Southern Homoeopathic Medical CoJlege and Hospital was founded and
entered upon its useful career. This institution, however, is made the subject
of more extended mention in another department of this work.
Dr. McManus frequently narrated the story of his conversion to homoe-
opathy. He secured Hering's " Domestic Physician, " with thirty or forty
remedies, and bought a box containing one hundred and seventeen remedies,
prepared, as he supposed, in Leipsic. He mentioned several cures with the
thirtieth potencies, of which he once spoke as follows: " I saw an announce-
ment in a paper of a homreopathic physician by the name of Radclifife, and
at that time I had a very singular case, and I did not know what to do with
it. It was a case that 1 defined to be neuralgia, rheumatic pain or rheuma-
tism. The neuralgia was intermittent neuralgia. The lady was nineteen years
HISTORY OF IK ).M(i:()PATHY 197
of age, very sensitive in her organization and in her nervous system. Every
day at two o'clock after an intermission of six weeks, she was taken with what
she called a needle pain. She felt as if a needle were stuck into her heart,
and that was immediately followed by a convulsion which lasted from thirty
minutes to two or three hours. I commenced the treatment on the tonic plan ;
I commenced with sulphate of qumine. Still the pain came on at two o'clock.
1 gave the medicine faithfully for two or three days but it had no result.
Then I resorted to a preparation of arnica flowers and a solution. Finally I
anticipated the paroxysm by sinapisms anteriorly and posteriorly. These
were applied to the heart. I thought by the time we began to irritate the sur-
face it would produce some effect ; this was counter irritation. I thought
by this plan I might break up the paroxysms. I did not know what to do.
I saw this advertisement and said. I do not know Dr. Radcliffe ; nobody can
tell me who he is ; I will go and see him. I went and told him the object of
my visit. I asked him if he had ever treated such a case. He said, * No.'
He was a very intelligent man and very agreeable in his presence, bearing and
conversation. He listened to my story patiently and after hearing me said,
* Doctor, I think a dose of spigelia the thirtieth will cure that case.' ' One
dose of spigelia,' said I, 'you do not mean the Maryland pink root?' 'Yes,'
he replied, ' I will give you a dose.' It was then ten o'clock in the morning.
' What will I do with it? ' said I. His reply was: ' You put this powder on
the tongue of th.e patient.' I saw him pour out the pellets in a little sugar of
milk. I had the curiosity to take up the bottle ; it bore the mark, ' Spigelia,
30.' I left the house and thought to myself that man must be a fool, and
yet he told it to me with that kind of assurance that would baffle suspicion. I
thought, if this dose of spigelia will cure her, I will try it. I went to see the
young lad> about ten o'clock and I put the powder of spigelia on the end
of her tongue. I thought to myself it was a real piece of folly, but I told her
I would come again in the afternoon. I was very busy, but told her I would
go to the 'house about five o'clock. Now^ you must recollect that this patient
had not missed a paroxysm for six weeks. Her mother met me at the door.
She was standing on the portico and she raised her hand and said : ' Mary
missed her pain to-day.'
" 'Missed her pain. Had she any spasm?' 'Not at all, come in.'
" I Avent in. The girl was sitting up. The first thing I did was to feel
her pulse. ' Well, Mary, how do you feel? ' She answered, ' I feel better than
I have for a long time. I think it is because I missed this pain.' 'Had you
no symptom of it? ' ' No, ' she said, ' I never had any 'premonition at all, until
it came like a needle sticking in my heart. But to-day I had nothing of it.'
I looked at the girl and 1 looked at myself. What conclusion could I come to?
It must be the effect of the spigelia. I waited without seeing Dr. Radcliffe
until the morrow, and at five o'clock I went to see the girl, who felt remark-
ably well. That night I went to see the doctor. ' Well, ' he said, ' did that
powder have any effect upon that young woman?'
■■ I said, 'Really I do not know how to answer that question. I called at
four or five in the afterno-Dn and the girl had neither pain, spasm nor con-
vulsion, and I called to see her this afternoon and she had neither the one nor
the other.'
■■ ' \\'ell, sir, vou told me that if I would cure that case — and I have cured
it with one dose of medicine — that you would believe in homoeopathv.' ' Well,
doctor, if 1 tell vou that I believe, vou will sav that I am a verv visionarv
198 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
man. How could one dose cure that girl after I had done so much? How
could one dose do it ? ' He replied, ' the dose of spigelia that I gave was
what the girl's case required, and what you did amounted to nothing.' "
Notwithstanding the fact that Dr. McManus rightfully laid claim to
pioneership in the practice of homoeopathy in Maryland, his honor in that
respect must be shared with Rev. Jacob Geiger, a Maryland pastor of German
extraction and Pennsylvania parentage and birth, who had frequently been
brought under the beneficent teachmgs of Allentown Academy and thus ac-
quired a fair understanding of the principles of Hahnemann's school of medi-
cine. In 1836, contemporary with Dr. McManus, Rev. Geiger took up the
practice of medicine in connection with the pastoral charge of his flock, and
continued both until the time of his death in 1848. This allusion to Pastor
Geiger's medical endeavors is important when it is mentioned that nine of his
descendants were graduates of homoeopathic colleges and practitioners of
medicine.
In this connection also it may be stated that Dr. Shower's history of the
Southern Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital credits one Dr. Schwartz
with being the first regular homoeopathic physician in the city of Baltimore,
and 1837 as the year of his beginning practice. However, he stayed in the
city only one vear. Much that is interesting in relation to early homoeopathy
in Maryland may be found in Dr. Shower's narrative.
Dr. Jacob Schmidt located in Baltimore in 1843. He was born in Kreutz-
nach, Prussia, June 29, 181 3. He was educated in the government gymna-
sium, and at nineteen entered the engineer corps. At the expiration of his
time of service, and after an examination, he was promoted to the rank of
officer in the reserve corps of the Prussian army. In 1836 he came to the
United States, where he found employment in the department of coast survey.
Prostrated bv illness in Philadelphia, he was attended by Dr. F. Hussmann,
assistant to Hering, and by him was persuaded to abandon his profession and
study medicine. He was received into the Hering household, where for three
years he studied, at the same time attending lectures at the University of
Pennsylvania. In 1843 he received the degree of the Allentown Academy.
The next year he assisted in organizing the American Institute of Homoe-
opathy. About this time he married a sister-in-law of Dr. Hering, Johanna
Hussmann, and being invited bv Dr. Haynel, he went to Baltimore, where
he established a practice and where he resided until his death March 20, 1880,
aged 67 years. In 1867 he received the degree of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania.
Another of the Baltimore pioneers was Dr. Adolph Ferdinand Haynel.
He had been a personal student of Hahnemann's. Speaking of the journey
of Hahnemann from Leipsic to Coethen, Hartmann says : "I was not with
them, having left Leipsic. Hahnemann took two of his pupils with him,
Dr. Haynel and Dr. Mossdorf. Haynel led the life of a true nomad ; was at
Berlin at the first invasion of the cholera ; 'then at Merseberg; finally visited
me in 1830 in Leipsic, where he provided himself with a large stock of homoe-
opathic medicines with the intention of going to North America." Dr. Haynel
died at Dresden, August 28, 1877, aged 81. He was an inmate of Hahne-
mann's family for more than ten years, and proved a number of remedies for
him. About 1835 he came to America, and resided first in Reading, Pa.,
then in Philadelphia. In 1845 lie lived in New York and still later at Balti-
more, from whence he returned to Furope several years previous to his death.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 199
Grey sa)s tlial lia\nel established himself in Ijaltimore as a homoeopathist as
early as 1838.
Dr. Lewis Btisch was born in Gotha, Saxony, in 1808, and practiced allo-
pathy there from 1829 to 1831, and homoeopathy from 1833 to 1836. He then
left Germany, came to America, and landed at Baltimore. He practiced there
a short time and then he went to Adams county, Pa. He was located. at
Hollidaysburg as early as 1842, remained there until 1859. He went to Hunt-
ington county, and from thence to Altoona.
Dr. E. C. Bernard Cyriax was born in Gotha, Germany, August 11, 1820.
He graduated in medicine in 1837, at Gotha, and went to America in 1843,
locating in Baltimore. Here he was led to examine homoeopathy, and finally
to accept it; after 1846 he practiced it openly. In 1847 he went west, locat-
ing in Springfield, 111. He practiced with Dr. F. Kuechler, the firm being
the pioneers of homoeopathy in that locality. In December, 1848, he returned
to Baltimore, w^here he remained until 1857, when he again went to Illinois,
locating in Atlanta, Logan county. In 1861 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio.
Dr. James E. Hardy was born in Norfolk, Va., October 31, 1842. He
graduated' at the University of Edinburgh, returned to America, and in 1868-
69 attended lectures at the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, from
which he graduated. He then returned to Baltimore to practice.
Rev. Jacob Geiger introduced homoeopathy in Carroll county in 1836,
and Dr. Radclifi'e introduced it in Washington county in 1841.
The first hom.oeopathic pharmxacy in Baltimore was opened by John
Tanner in 1850. Dr. Tanner in connection with his pharmacy also practiced
medicine. He had been cured by homoeopathy when a young man after the
allopaths had given him up. He went to Leipsic in 1840, establishing a
homoeopathic pharmacy there. Ten years later he went to Baltimore. He
sold to Dr. Amelia A. Hastings, a woman graduate, and in April, 1865, she
sold to Dr. Elias C. Price. He kept the establishment two and a half years,
then selling to Dr. Boone, who in turn sold to Dr. F. E. Boericke in 1868. In
T869 the proprietors were Boericke & Tafel, who have since continued the
business.
Homccopathic physicians in Maryland previous to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of
some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medi-
cine before the date given.
1S57 Arnold, Dr. x Baltimore 1853 Lungren, Samuel S. * Hagerstown
1857 Buckner, Dr. x Baltimore 1846 Martin, Joseph L. Baltimore
183.3 Busch, Louis * Baltimore 1836 McManus, Felix R. * Baltimore
1846 Cyriax, E. C. Bernard * Baltimore 1856 McManus, F. S. Baltimore
1861 Doran, Charles R. * Hagerstown 184S Middleton, John D. Baltimore
Dysen, R. Nanjemoy 1857 Miller, Dr. Baltimore
1835 Ehrmann, Francis Hagerstown 1850 Rayborg, C. H. Baltimore
1840 Ehrmann. Frederick Baltimore 1841 Radcliffe, Dr. Washington Co.
1836 Geiger, Jacob (Rev.) Cumberland 1852 Randel, John Massey Randelia
1854 Geiger, Theodore S. Manchester 1839 Schmidt, Jacob Baltimore
1851 Geiger, Charles A. Manchester 1838 Tanner, John Baltimore
1851 Hammond, INIilton * Baltimore 1857 Welner, M. x Baltimore
1820 Haynel, Adolph F._ Baltimore 1857 Wisman A. x Fredericktown
1857 Howe, Dr. x Baltimore 1857 Worman, A. D. x Fredericktown
200 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XH
HOISIOEOPATHY IN CONNECTICUT.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
The First Prescriber of Homoeopathic Doses in Connecticut — Early Planting and
Subsequent Growth of Homoeopathy in the State — Societies and Hospitals — The Tay-
lors, Father and Son — New Milford First to have a Homoeopathic Physician — The
I'afts in Hartford — John Schue — Introduction of the New System in the Counties —
Pioneers, Early Practitioners and Reminiscences — List of Old Practitioners.
The doctrine of homoeopathy first gained a foothold in Connecticut in
1837. when Dr. Federal Vanderburgh on a social visit to New Milford was
called to professionally attend the wife of an old school physician. This was
the beginning of the new system in the region under consideration, and the
immediate results of Vanderburgh's treatment was the recovery of his patient
and the conversion of her husband to the teachings and practice of Hahne-
mann, which previous to that time he had ridiculed. As evidence of the sub-
sequent growth of the homoeopathic system in the state it may be said that
in 1857, twenty years after Vanderburgh's missionary effort there, forty-two
physicians of that school were in practice. In 1876 the number had increased
to sixty-three, in 1875 to eighty-four, in 1882 to one hundred and nineteen,
and in 1904 to one hundred and fifty-three ; and to-day there is no county
and hardly a single town that has not at least one homoeopathic physician.
And this is not all ; in less than fifteen years after Vanderburgh's first cure,
the hardly more than two score homoeopathic practitioners took steps to organ-
ize their forces for mutual protection and advantage and proceeded to form
a state medical society.
CONNECTICUT STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The first society of homeopathic physicians in Connecticut was formed
in Hartford, November 17, 1851, and was known as the Connecticut Institute
of liDmrieopathy. At this meeting seven pioneers of the new system were
in attendance. They were Drs. Jeremiah T. Dennison, of Fairfield ; W. W.
Rodman, of Waterbury ; W. C. B,ell, of Middletown ; C. H. Skiff and E. T.
F^oote, of New Haven; and C. A. Taft and George S. Greene, of Hartford.
Dr. Dennison was elected president, Dr. Rodman vice-president. Dr. Greene
secretary, and Dr. Skiff' treasurer. At the same time the constitution and by-
laws were presented and adopted. At a meeting held June 10. 1864, a reor-
ganization was effected, and the society was incorporated under the name of
Connecticut Homoeopathic Medical Society. A new constitution was adopted
in 1880. Since 1891 the annual transactions have been published, as also have
several of the important addresses by presidents. On November 18-19, 1901,
the society celebrated its semi-centennial at Hartford. Addresses were made
by distinguished physicians of various states, and the occasion was otherwise
enlivened with social entertainments. In 1904 the membership of the society
numbercil one hundred arid five.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY •^<»l
'Die New Haven Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized Febru-
ary 24, 1887, at the residence of Di. C. B. Adams in the city of New Haven.
The societv is not incorporated.
Grace Homoeopathic ^Medical Society of New Haven was incorporated
June 21, 1889, and at once became an active organization in promoting the
interests of the homoeopathic profession in Connecticut,
Grace Homoeo])athic Hospital at Hartford, the first institution of its kind
in the state, originated in a movement started in 1888 and consummated in
the formal openmg which took place in September, 1892. The hospital asso-
ciation was incorporated by the legislature in 1888, and the state appropri-
ated $20,000 for the benefit of the hospital on condition that a like sum be
raised by subscription. This was accomplished, and with the fund thus created
the trustees purchased the old Mallory property on West Chapel street. The
building was arranged for its new occupancy, and was furnished through the
agency of the women's hospital board, the society of the King's Sons and
Daughters and the Ladies' Aid Society. The hospital property is valued at
$100,000. The institution is supported' by state aid, pay patients and volun-
tary contributions. The training school for nurses w^as established in 1895,
As has been stated, the first homoeopathic prescription in Connecticut
was made by Dr, Federal Vanderburgh. In 1837 Dr, George Taylor's wdfe
was threatened with consumption, and her husband and other physicians had
prescribed remedies without relief. About that time Vanderburgh, an old
friend of Dr. Taylor's, visited New Milford, and learning of the sickness of
Mrs. Taylor, proposed prescribing homoeopathically for her. Dr. Taylor, an
allopath, at last consented to this, and contrary to his expectation, his wife im-
proved and eventually was restored to heaith. Dr. Taylor then began to
investigate homoeopathy and to test it until about 1839 or 1840, when he be-
came a convert to its practice. He was born in New Milford in 1802, and
graduated from the medical department of Yale College in 1824, at once
beginning practice in his native town. When his allopathic friends realized
that he was practicing the new medical system, he was dismissed from the
medical society and further consultations with him were refused. He was
the first homoeopathic physician in Connecticut, and practiced for many years
in New Milford.
Charles Taylor, the son of George Taylor, graduated at Geneva Medical
College and in 1852 practiced with his father at New Milford. He repre-
sented his town in the general assembly four years and held other offices. He
died July 4, 1890.
Hartford was the second town in Connecticut in which homoeopathy w^as
introduced. In 1842 Dr. Gustavus M. Taft located there. He was born in
Dedham, Mass., December 7, 1820, read medicine with Dr. Josiah Flagg of.
Boston, and later with Drs. Hull and Gray of New York. He graduated at
the University of New York in 1842, and at once began to practice in Hart-
ford. His health failed and he went south, locating in New Orleans in Novem-
ber, 1845. He died of yellow fever August 10, 1847, aged twenty-seven
years.
Dr. Cincinnatus A. Taft, brother of Gustavus M. Taft, graduated from
the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1846, and settled in
Hartford the same year. He had studied with his brothers and was the third
homoeopathic physician to locate in Hartford and the seventh in the state. He
became one of tlie leading physicians of Connecticut. He died June 26, 1884.
202 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
Dr. John Schue,. the next of the Hartford pioneers, was a native of Ger-
many, born in 1815, and came to New York in 1839. He entered the office of
Drs. Hull and Gray to learn English and study homoeopathy. He graduated
at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1842, practiced in New York
until 1844, then went to Hartford and formed a partnership with Dr. Gus-
tavus M. Taft. He remained there m practice until his death, September 25,
1856. He joined the institute in 1846. Dr. Schue lost his wife in 1855,
which so depressed him that he himself died soon afterward. ■
Dr. Gardner S. Browne commenced to practice in Hartford about 1867,
and died there December 29, 1876. He was a graduate of the University of
New York. Dr. George Starr Green graduated at the University of New
York in 1848. He became partner with Dr. A. Cook Hull in Brooklyn, where
he began the practice of homoeopathy in 1849. He removed to Hartford,
January i, 1851. Dr. Harvey Cole came from Pittsfield,' Mass., and located
in Hartford in 1868. Dr. James D. Johnson opened an office in Hartford in
1869. Hg was a graduate of Bellevue Hospital Medical College. Drs. Irving
M. Lyon and S. Giles Tucker were in practice there in 1870. Dr. M. P. Hay-
ward, a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, also
practiced in Hartford for a short time, going thence to Ohio. In 1856 Dr.
H. T. Brownell and Russell Caulkins were located in Hartford. In 1857, there
were six homoeopathic physicians m the city; in 1870, seven; in 1882, eleven,
and in 1904, nineteen.
Dr. Edward Wilberforce Kellogg was born at Avon, Conn., November
29, 1840, and at the age of twelve years went to Philadelphia to attend school.
He returned home in a few years and entered the high school at Collins-
ville, from which he graduated. At this time he had no thought of medicine,
but was devoting his attention to musical study. Early during the war of
1861-65, he enlisted, and while awaiting orders near New London, he was
offered a position as hospital steward at Fort Trumbull. Dr. Isaac G. Por-
ter was surgeon at this hospital and young Kellogg was associated with him
for three years as assistant and pupil. He was honorably discharged in
November, 1865, and then entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, but
after a year matriculated at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College,
where he graduated in 1867. He located at Danbury, remained there one year
and then went to Southington, where he practiced until 1871. In May, 1871,
he removed to Hartford. On March 7, 1867, he married Hilah A. Dart of
New London. In 1857 there were in Hartford, Drs. Gardner S. Browne, F.
Brownell, H. T. Brownell, Russell Caulkins, George S. Green and Cincin-
natus A. Taft.
The pioneer homoeopath in New Haven and the fourth physician of that
school in the state, was Dr. Charles H. Skiff, who was born at Spencertown,
Columbia county, N. Y., May 17, 1808, and graduated at the Berkshire Medi-
cal School, September 5, 1832. He married Rachel McKinstry of Livingston,
N. Y., October 17, 1833. He began the practice of homoeopathy in Spencer-
town in 1840, and removed to Albany in 1842. He went to New Haven in
1843 ^i^d remained there until his death, December 11, 1875.
Dr. Daniel W. North rup was the fourth homoeopath in the state, having
begun practice at Sherman, Fairfield county, in 1843. I^r. Daniel Holt, an-
other pioneer in New Ha.ven, was born at Hampton, July 2, 1810. He was
educated at Ashford and Amherst academies and in 1831 entered the scien-
tific department of Yale. Later on he studied medicine with Dr. Hiram Holt
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 203
of Pomfret, and graduated from the Yale Medical School in 1835. He located
at Glastonbury, where he acquired an extensive practice. He received a
prize from the Connecticut Medical Society for an essay on scarlatina, and
was author of several noteworthy papers. In 1845 he was appointed to prepare
a paper for the state medical society. Homoeopathy soon attracted his atten-
tion and he employed the opportunity to demonstrate its absurdity. After care-
ful study, and experimenting- with its remedies, he became convinced of its
truth, and then published his essay " Views of Homoeopathy or Reasons for
Examining and Admitting it as a Principle in Medicine." This was pub-
lished in New Haven in 1845. During this year he went to New Haven and
studied homoeopathy with Dr. Skiff, and afterward practiced it, making fre-
quent trips to New York to consult with Gray, Hull, Vanderburgh, Joslin,
Wells and others. Because of his change in faith he was expelled from the
New Haven Medical Association, but afterward three of his prosecutors
adopted homoeopathv. In 1845 Dr. Holt went to Lowell, Mass.
Dr. Elial ToddFoote was born in Greenfield, Mass., in May, 1796. He
studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Guthrie of Sherburne, N. Y., and was
licensed by the Qienango County Medical Society in 181 5. He went to Chau-
tauqua county, locating in what was afterward Jamestown, but which then had
no name. In June, 1818, he was chairman of a meeting of physicians of
the county called to organize the Chautauqua County Medical Society, and
was the first president of that body. In 1827 he became a permanent member
of the New York Medical Society. Before he left New York Dr. Foote had
become interested in homoeopathy as practiced by Dr. Alfred W. Gray, brother
of Dr. John F. Gray, and he became a homoeopath in 1840. It is not known
just when he located in New Haven. He became a member of the American
Institute of Homoeopathy in 1850. When the Connecticut Homoeopathic Med-
ical Society was reorganized in 1864 Dr. Foote delivered the inaugural ad-
dress, which was largely historical regarding homoeopathy in the state. He
died at New Haven November 17, 1877.
Charles Cheney Foote, son of Dr. Elial Foote, was born in Jamestown,
N. Y., September 6, 1825, graduated at Union College in 1849, read medicine
with his father, and in 1850 attended medical lectures at the College of Physi-
cians and Surgeons of New York. He also attended lectures at Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia, graduating there in 185 1. He began to
practice in New FTaven, and for two years was associated with his father.
He died November 9, 1871.
Dr. Paul C. Skiff was in practice in New Haven in 1870. He was a
graduate of Yale. Dr. Charles W. Skiff, his son, graduated from the New
York Homoeopathic Medical College in 1861, practiced with his father in
Brooklyn, and returned with him to New Haven in 1862. He remained but
a short time in practice. In 1861 Dr. W. W. Rodman located in New Haven.
In 1857 there were but four homoeopaths in that city; in' 1870, six; in 1878,
sixteen.
Dr. Oscar Sceitz began the practice of homoeopathy in New London in
1845. Dr. Nathaniel Otis Harris practiced there from, 1854 to 1857, when he
went to East Haddam. He graduated at the New York L^niversity Medical
College in 1854 and went at once to New London, remaining until 1857, when
he located in East Haddam. He studied homoeopathy with Dr. J. T. Evans.
In 1847 Dr. Lucien H. Morton opened an office at Bridgeport and was
the homoeopathic pioneer m Fairfield county. He was a graduate of Berk-
20-i HISTORY OF HO^lQiOPATHY
shire Medical College. Dr. Charles Taylor practiced in Bridgeport for one
year and went to New Milford.
In 1859 ^^- Charles E. Sanford went to Bridgeport from Bristol. He
was born in North Haven, May 31, 1830, and gradnated from Yale Medical
School in 1853. He studied mecUcine with his brother-in-law, Dr. G. A.
Moody of Plain ville. After graduation he returned to Plainville, entering into
partnership with his preceptor and remained there two years. In 1855 he
married Anna F. Neale and about that time entered mercantile pursuits in
New York, but soon returned to his profession. During his stay in New York
Dr. Sanford became acquainted with homoeopathy and was impelled while
living with an old friend in Brooklyn to investigate, resulting in his complete
conversion to its principles. In 1870 Dr. Sanford wrote: "My present ad-
dress is Bridgeport, where I have resided since 1859. Previous to that time
1 practiced medicine in Plainville and Bristol. 1 began to practice homoe-
opathy in 1858."
Dr. James H. Osborne was located at Bridgeport in 1870. He gradu-
ated from the New York Homoeopathic College in 1867. Dr. Oliver Brew-
ster Taylor graduated at Harvard Medical School in 1842, and began the
practice of homoeopathy in 1848 at Dana, Mass. In 1849 ^"^^ went to i'dan-
chester, where for many years he was the only homoeopathic physician.
Dr. William Campbell Bell was an early practitioner at Middletown. He
was born in Chester, Mass., September 6, 1806, and attended school at Ches-
ter and Westfield academies. He studied medicine in Chester under Drs. Hor-
ace Ballard and T. K. DeWolf, and afterward with Dr. T. Childs at Pitts-
field. He attended medical lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and at Pittsfield, Mass.,
graduating from the Berkshire Medical College in 1833. He began allopathic
practice at Austerlitz, N. Y., and after ten years adopted the homoeopathic
system. In 1850 he located at Housatonic, Mass., where he remained six
years, then he removed to Middletown, where he. remained for over forty
years. In 1833 he married Charlotte Maria Boise, of Chester. Dr. Bell re-
tired from practice in the spring of 1891 and went to live at Blandford, Mass.,
where he died October 12, 1894. Drs. G. W. Burroughs and G. B. Smith
practiced in Middletown for a time. Dr. Aaron S. Osborne and Julius Gnod-
inger were practicing in Middletown in 1878.
Dr. George Pitkin Cooley was practicing homoeopathy in Bristol as early
as 1854. He was born in Manchester, November 28, 1830, the son of Dr.
William Cooley of Hartford county. In 1850 he became a student of Dr.
Gustavus A. Taft of Hartford, attended lectures at the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, and at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania during the session of 1853-54. He received a special degree from
that college in 1862. In 1854 he entered into practice at Bristol, but after
four years removed to New Britain, where he located permanently. In April,
1865, he married Lucy A. Peck of New York.
Dr. James H. Austin practiced homoeopathy in Bristol as early as 1850.
He was born in Suffield, Conn., in 1824, began the study of medicine when
about twenty years old, and graduated at the Berkshire Medical College in
1847. He located at Bristol in 1.848, and for ten years was faithful to the
medical system in which he was educated. He is said to have embraced
homoeopathy about 1858. He died March 2^, 1873. In 1870 Dr. Edward P.
Woodward was in practice at Bristol.
Dr. Asa W. Brown located at Mvstic Bridge, New London countv. in
HISTORY OF HO^^(EOPATHY i'<>5
1855. He was born in Sterling:, Windham county, Conn., September 28, 1813,
studied at Brooklyn Academy, j^raduated at the Western College of Homoe-
opathic Medicine in 1853. practiced two years at Centreville, R. I^ and then
settled at Mystic Bridge, where he remained until 1873, when he removed
to Providence, R. I.
Rev. Moses Hill introduced homoeopathy in Norwalk, Fairfield county,
in 1855. In 1870 Dr. Mosman was the only homoeopath in Norwalk, and in
1875, Dexter Hitchcock and Nathan A. Mosman were practicing there. In
1882, A. H. Baldwin, G. S. Comstock and Dexter Hitchcock were practicing
in that city. Dr. Mosman graduated in medicine in New York in 1861, and
soon afterward located at Norwalk. In 1879 ^""^ went to New York city.
Dr. Dexter Hitchcock graduated from the New York Homoeopathic Medical
College in 1873, settling soon afterward in Norwalk. He joined the institute
in 1873. He has for manv vears been referred to as "Dr. Hitchcock of Nor-
walk."
Dr. William E. Bulkeley was for many years associated with the history
of homoeopathy in Danburv'. He was born in Colchester, Conn., October 9,
1796. At the age of eighteen he went to West Virginia, taught school, and
studied medicine with a prominent physician of that region. Having earned
enough money to pay his way he attended medical lectures at Yale College.
Dr. Bulkeley practiced as an allopath four years in Berkshire county, Mass.,
and twenty years in Hillsdale, Columbia, county, before he located in Dan-
bury, and about 1853 began the practice of liomoeopathy. He joined the
American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1859. ^^ remained in Danbury until
his death, June 14, 1870. In 1870 his son, Dr. J. C. Bulkeley, was associated
in practice with him.
In 1857, Dr. R. W. Rockwell wa's practicing in Danbury. In 1875 there
were in practice in that city, Drs. William Bulkeley, Rev. D. M. Hodge and
Sophia Penfield ; in 1882, Drs. Bulkeley, S. M. Grifitin, Sophia Penfield and
O. L. Jenkins. Dr. Rockwell went to Danbury in 1856, and afterward re-
moved to Brooklyn.
Dr. Henry E. Stone, a graduate of Castleton Medical College in 1847,
removed from Otego, N. Y., to Fair Haven, New Haven county, in 1857.
He was born in Danbury, July 20, 1820, and in 1840 his family went to Otego,
N. Y. In Otego,- Dr. Solomon Green, a leading physician of the place,
became interested in young Stone and induced him to study medicine. Hav-
ing graduated at Castleton, he commenced practice at Otego with his pre-
ceptor. His attention was directed to homoeopathy by Dr. I. S. Huett, of
JMilwaukee, and for two or three years he investigated and finally embraced
its methods. Remaining in Otego until the spring of 1856, he sold his prac-
tice to Dr. Warren and located in Fair Haven, Conn., where he afterward
resided, and where he <lied January 27, 1886. Dr. Stone married Amanda
Cunningham of Otego, September 3, 1851.
Dr. Lester Keep had been practicing homoeopathy in Fair Haven prior
to 1857. I^e was born in Lee, Mass., September 6, 1797, was educated there,
and fitted for college by Rev. Alvan Hyde. In the fall of 1821 he entered Will-
iams College, but soon afterward financial troubles made it necessary for him
to earn his way. until in his junior vear when certain students, he among'
them, were caught at "college pranks," and were suspended for three weeks.
Pie then abandoned his college course and entered the office of Drs. Child and
Batclielder. of I'ittsficld. and lu'came a member of the Berkshire ^Medical
206 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Institution, a branch of Williams College, then in its second year. There he
remained three years, supporting himself by services to the college and assist-
ing his preceptors who were of the faculty. While awaiting the means to
graduate he received an offer of assistance from Dr. Luther Ticknor, of Salis-
bury, in return for services that he could render in practice. Dr. John Del-
amater being called to the chairs of anatomy and surgery in the Medical Col-
lege at Fairfield. N. Y., induced Keep to go with him as demonstrator and
prosector. At this school he graduated in 1828. For a year afterward he
associated with Dr. Jefferson Church, of Springfield, Mass., but left him to
attend Dr. Tully's lectures on materia medica and therapeutics at the Yale
Medical School.. Dr. Keep settled in Fair Haven, and while his practice was
growing he opened a pharmacy and maintained it in connection with the vil-
lage postoffice for several years. Business matters occasionally called him to
New York, and on one of his visits there met an old friend, Dr. Ticknor, who
had become a homceopath, and through whose ministrations Keep himself
was induced to abandon the old school of practice for that founded by Hahne-
mann. This was in 1839, ^^ which time Dr. Keep was a member of the New
Haven County Medical Society, the New Haven City Association of Physi-
cians, and a fellow of the Connecticut State Medical Society. He sold his
drug store, resigned from the societies, and announced himself a homoeopath.
He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in 1848. He continued to
practice in Fair Haven until i860, when he moved to Brooklyn. In 1873 he
suffered an attack of apoplectic paralysis, and though he largely recovered from
the stroke, he did not aeain return to active practice. He died August 20,
1882. Drs. J. Lester Keep and S. H. Keep are sons of Dr. Lester Keep's
second marriage.
Dr. G. Herrick Wilson, a graduate" of the Berkshire Medical College in
1849, after practicing in North Adams and Conway, Mass., located in West
Meridan. Conn., in 1857. In 1869, Dr. E. C. Newport, a graduate in 1868
of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, went from Holyoke, Mass.,
to West Meriden. About the same time. Dr. L. E. Phelps, from Michigan,
opened an ofiice there. In 1882 Drs. C. J. Mansfield, E. A. Wilson and G.
H. Wilson were in Meriden, and in 1857 Dr. W. N. Dunham was located
there.
Dr. Henry Isham introduced homoeopathy into New Britain before 1857.
He died in 1868, and in the next year Dr. Charles Vishno, a graduate in 1866
of the New York Llomoeopathic Medical College, located there, but afterward
went to Hartford. In 1875, Drs. G. P. Cooley, Leander P. Jones, L. M.
Smith and J. S. Stone were located in New Britain. In 1882, Drs. Cooley,
Goodrich, Seymour and Stone were practicing there.
Dr. William Woodbridge Rodman introduced homoeopathy into Water-
bury. Lie was born in Stonington, Conn., in April, 1817, graduated at Yale
in 1838, and entering Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia received his
degree there in 1844. In November of that year he began practice in Water-
bury, but in 1848 became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy by careful
study and practical use of its remedies, and adopted it in his practice. He
was in consequence expelled from the Connecticut Medical Society. In 1861
he removed to New Haven.
Dr. Flam Clark Knight graduated from the Berkshire Medical College
in 1845, and located at Slatersville, R. I. His conversion to homoeopathy and
introduction to Waterbury are best told in his own words (1870) : "My
HISTORV Ul- HOMrP-OPATHY 207
attention was called to homoeopathic practice during the last year of my medi-
cal studies by coming in contact with two homoeopathic students in the same
class with myself. But I gave no serious attention to the subject till 1852.
About this time the old school medical journals were constantly ridiculing the
new system of practice. I thought to myself if there was no better arguments
against homoeopathy than mean ridicule, and silly at that, there must be some-
thing in it, and I would examine for myself. Accordingly I applied to Dr.
Amory Gale, then of Woonsocket, R. I., and asked his advice and assistance,
which he readily gave by lending me books and otherwise. After about a
year of studv and experimental practice, I removed to Middleborough, Mass.,
early in 1853. There I was the first one to locate and successfully introduce
homoeopathy. There I found a few families who had been treated homoe-
opathically by Dr. J. T. Harris, of East Bridgewater, and Dr. Barrows, of
Taunton, Mass. They formed a nucleus around which I soon built up a good
practice,
" In 1857 having a little more of the western fever than was for my good,
I moved to Ouincy, 111, but" not finding everything to my satisfaction, returned
to New England after about two years and a half. In i860 Dr. W. \V. Rod-
man left Waterbury for New Haven, and the June following I took his place
here, where I still remain. I was alone here till after the severe injuries I re-
ceived in November, 1865. In 1867 Dr. Tripp came here and remained a little
less than a year. He w^as followed by Dr. H. R. Brown, who remained some-
thing over two years. x\t the present time homoeopathy is represented by
myself and Dr. Charles Rodman." Dr. Knight was a member of the old Mas-
sachusetts Fraternitv. He joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
1867. He died suddenly at Woodbury, March 21, 1888.
Dr. Henry R. Brown, a graduate' in 1867 of the New York Homoeopathic
Medical College, located first at Waterbury, but soon went to Leominster,
Mass. Dr. Charles Shepard Rodman, a son of Dr. W. W. Rodman, located
at Waterbury in i86q. He was a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons. He was still there in 1878. but in 1882 there were only Drs. E. O.
Gregory and George P. Swift practicing homoeopathy in that city. South-
ington, Hartford county, was represented in homoeopathy by Dr. Lucy A.
Hudson as early as 1856. In 1866 Dr. Timothy D. Wadsworth, a graduate
in 1866 of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, located there, re-
moving to St. Louis, Mo., in 1868. He w-as succeeded by Dr. Edward W.
Kellogg. Dr. Noah Bvington was practicing there in 1870. In 1882 Dr.
James H. Osborne and C. H. Peterson were the only homoeopaths in that city.
In 1856 Drr,. S. M. Fletcher and A. Frank w-ere in practice at Norwich,
New London county. Subsequently Dr. Fletcher went to Westerly, R. I., and
Dr. Frank to Milton, Vt. Dr. Jerome Harris practiced at Norsvich and went
from there to Woonsocket. In 1865 Dr. Anna Manning graduated at the
New York Medical College for Women, and located at Norwich for a short
time. In 1867 Dr. Herbert IMartin Bishop, a graduate of Yale, w^ent to Nor-
wich. He was born in New London. January 15, 1844. studied with Dr. O.
Sites and graduated at Yale Aledical School in 1865. He was commissioned
assistant surgeon of the First Connecticut cavalry, and was in service through
the last campaign of the war. Returning, he determined to study homoeopathy,
and after attending lectures at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College,
graduated in 1867. In March of that year he settled at Norwich. In January,
1869, he married Ella E. Spalding. He joined the American Institute of
208
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
Homoeopathy in 1869. In 1875 there were in practice there Drs. Herbert
Martin Bishop, Jonathan E. Linnell and Samuel Gibbs Tucker; in 1882, Drs.
Bishop, Edward H. and Jonathan E. Linnell, John Arnold Rockwell and C.
E. Stark.
Dr. Albert W. Phillips located in Birmingham in 1861, the year in which
he graduated from Hahnemann College of Chicago. He was a native of New
York. He took the place of Dr. Horace Bowen, who formerly practiced in
Birmingham.
Dr. Charles W. Ensign, a graduate of the College of Physicians and Sur-
geons in 1844, located the same year at Tariff ville. He was born in West
Hartland. He was highly esteemed among the allopathic fraternity, being a
member of its societies until 1855, when he became a homoeopath and was then
expelled for " quackery."' He lived in Tariffville until his death. At Strat-
ford Dr. Geliwitz practiced for a time, then went to New York. In 1857 Drs.
Chauncey Ayres and J. P. Mackins were in practice at Stamford. In 1875
Drs. Ayres, George F. Foote and John F. Grififin were there; in 1882, Drs.
Ayres, Foote, Phillips and C. E. and E. E. Rowell. Dr. Foote for fifteen
years conducted a private asylum for the insane and for victims of the opium
habit.
In 1857 Dr. R. B. Bruce was located at Birmingham ; Dr. S. S. Clark at
Plainville ; Dr. Jermiah T. Denison at Fairfield ; Dr. C. Faill at Litchfield ;
Dr. C. Gaylor at New Milford; Dr. J. E. Lucas at Thompsonville ; Dr. C.
Northrup at Sherman ; Dr. T. Roberts at New Canaan ; Dr. William H. Sage
at L^nionville ; and Dr. Vail at Litchfield.
The first homoeopathic pharmacy in the state was called the Good Samari-
tan drug store and pharmacy. It was opened in Hartford by Dr. Blake,
who sold to Dr. Preston, and he in turn to Dr. George Curtis. On September
5, 1881, Dr. Curtis sold to William C. Messenger, who conducted the store
for three years. In 1857 Dr. Gardner S. Browne conducted a pharmacy in
Hartford.
Honiocopatliic physicians in Con-nccficnt preznons to i860. The date pre-
ceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of homoe-
opathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was of some
other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced medicine
before the date given.
1857 Ayres, C. x Stamford 1857
1850 Austin, James H. * Bristol 1855
1843 Bell. William C. * Middletown 1857
1857 Bulkeley, J. C. x Danbury 1856
1837 Bulkeley, W. E. * Danbury 1851
Burroughs, G. W. Middletown 1840
1857 Bruce, R. B. x North Bennington 1857
1857 Browne, Gardner S. x Hartford 1857
1856 Brownell, H. T. x Hartford 1857
1857 Brownell, F. x Hartford
1853 Brown, Asa W. Mystic Bridge 1853
Bowen, Horace Birmingham
1856 Caulkins, Russell x Hartford i849
1850 Cole, Harvey Hartford 1854
1854 Cooley, George P. Bristol 1857
1857 Clark, S. S. x Plainville 1855
1850 Denison, J. T. * Fairfield 1845
1854 Dunbar, William N. IMeriden 1857
Erving, J. F. x Hitchcockville
Ensign, Charles W. * Tarriffville
Faill, C. X Litchfield
Fletcher, Samuel M. Norwich
Foote, Charles C. New Haven
Foote, Elial Todd * New Haven
Frank, A. x Norwich
Gaylor, G. x New Milford
Geliwitz, G. x Stratford
Gnodinger, Julius
Green, George S. * Hartford
Griffin, S. M.
Harris, Jerome * Norwich
Harris, Nathaniel O. East Haddam
Hayward. Milton P. Hartford
Hill, Moses (Rev.) Norwalk
Holt, Daniel * New Haven
Hudson, Luc}'^ A. x Southington
IIISTUKY OF HOM(EOi'ATIlY
209
i.S^7 l-^Iiam, Henry x Now llritain
Jenkins, (). L.
i<S,vj Keep. Lester * l-'air Haven
tS5j Knight, Elam C. * Waterbury
I1S57 Lueas, J. E. x 'i'iiompsonville
I.St 3 Linnell, Jonatlian E. * Norwich
1865 Lyon. Irving \V. * Hartford
1857 Mackins, J. P. x Stamford
1857 Northrop, C. x Sherman
1S42 Northrop, Danirl W. * Sherman
1844 Norton, Lucian H. I'.ridgeport
1846 Osgood, David *
•,H^7 Pratt, A. x Clicsler
1857 Rnl)erts, T. x New Canaan
1857 Rockwell, R. VV. x Danbury
1848 Rodman, William W. * Waterbury
1856 Sage, W. H. 3 Unionville
1845 Sceitz, Oscar New London
1858 Sanford, Charles E. * Bridgeport
1841 Skiff, Charles H. * New Haven
1842 Schue, John Hartford
1850 Stone, Henry E. * Fair Haven
7846 Taft, Cincinnatus A. Hartford
1842 Taft, Gustavus ^L Hartford
1837 Taylor, George * New Milford
1848 Taylor, Oliver B. * Manchester
1856 Vail, Dr. x Litchfield
1856 Wilson, Grove H. x * West ^^eriden
210 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XIII
JIOAKFOPATHY IN MASSACHUSETTS. .
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, j\[. D.
How the Seed was First Sown in the Old Bay State — New York Furnishes (he Pioneer —
Gregg and Flagg, the Standard Bearers — Their Followers and Proselytes — The
Homoeopathic Fraternity of Massachusetts — Its Organization and Membership— The
Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society — Brief Allusion to Homoeopathic In-
stitutions, and the Pioneers of the Profession in the Several Counties of the Com-
monwealth.
In 1838 homoeopathy secured a foothold in three states in which the
teachings of the school, although heard of, had not before been given practical
investigation by qualified practitioners. These states were Massachusetts,
A^ermont and New Jersey, and in at least two of them the doctrine of Hahne-
mann soon extended to the most remote counties and was represented by
physicians of unusual ability. In Massachusetts, the state here under consid-
eration, the planting of the homoeopathic seed was accomplished in much the
same manner as in other states, and was the result of enforced conviction
rather than original desire on the part of the pioneers to practice under its
teachings. This honor in Massachusetts is accorded to Dr. Samuel Gregg,
who, under the influence of Vanderburgh of New York, forsook the old
method of practice and allied himself to the new school of medicine, which
then had existed on this side of the Atlantic hardly more than ten years.
Vanderburgh in New York was a splendid champion of the system of
Hahnemann and one of its ablest exponents. He, too, was a convert, and in
later years was instrumental in proselyting many other old school practitioners
and bringing them within the homoeopathic fold. In Massachusetts his first
convert was Gregg, and in the old Bay state the new disciple took up the
good work and in turn spread the gospel of Hahnemann even into its remotest
parts; not easily, however, and not without hardships and sacrifices, coupled
with the severance of former friendships; for we are told that Samuel Gregg
was a popular personage in the old profession, that his associates and fellows
were men of influence in the social and political world, and when he turned
away from their school they, too. tiu-ned from him and no longer admitted
him to their councils, but in sorrow rather than in wrath. Yet Gregg plodded
along in the new road he had chosen, blazing the way, for he was the pioneer
in a new field. In 1839 he was joined by Flagg, and then by Wild and Spooner
and Cutler and Clark until there was gathered together a sufficient number of
exemplars to form the little society they called the Homoeopathic Fraternity
of Massachusetts. This was done in March, 1841, and from that time the
state has not been without a homcEopathic medical society.
The original society with its membership of six was the nucleus of the
Massachusetts Homteopathic Medical Society, which came into life in 1851,
and of whicli mention is made in this chapter.
The members of the Homoeonatliic Fraternity of Massachusetts during
His'l'om' oi- H()Mn':(~)i'.\Tiiv 211
the ten years of its existence were Samuel Gre.c^.c^, Josiali F. Flap,j:^. John Y\
Spooner, Charles Wild, Willianii W. Cutler, Luther Clark, Christopher Minot
Weld and Francis Clark, 1841 : William Wesselhoeft, William In.q;alls. Mil-
ton Fuller, Daniel Swan. Georo:e Russell, Robert Capen and William Gallup,
1842; John A. Tarbell, 1843; James M. Cumminj^s, Schleg-el, Eben Hale, 1844;
Jehiel Abbott, George Baker, Daniel Holt, 1845; David Osgood, Isaac Colby.
Hiram Luce Chase and Horace Dwight Train, 1846; Rufus Shackford. David
Thayer and Christian V. Geist, 1847; J- L. Martin. Samuel W. Graves and
George Barrows, 1848; James C. Neilson, 1850.
Since that time Massachusetts has been a prolific mother of homoeopathic
societies, and each offshoot from the parent body has done good, work in
spreading the doctrine and elevating the character and dignity of the princi-
ple it represents.
^[ASSACIIL'SETTS ITOM OEOPATH TC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Massachusetts was early in the field with the work of organization. In-
deed, if records are reliable, it was onlv two years after the system was planted
in the state that a few homoeopathic physicians assembled at the house of Dr.
J. P. Spooner in Dorchester in 1840 and organized the fraternity to which
reference is made in a preceding paragraph : and this action was the founda-
tion of the state society of later years. The fraternity dates its history from
December 25, 1840. and at a later meeting at the house of Dr. Wild in Brook-
line, on Jaiauary 7, 1841. the subject of permanent organization was consid-
ered, although the constitution was not formally adopted and signed until
I'Vbruary 16 following. This action gave real life to the Massachusetts
Homoeopathic Fraternity, and on the occasion mentioned ofificers were chosen
to direct the affairs of the society. Meetings were afterward held with fair
regularity, and the fraternity continued to grow in strength and usefulness
until its membership has so increased that stronger and more formal organi-
zation became necessarv. At the monthly meeting held March 18. 1856. a
committee reported that a petition signed by fifty-one phvsicians had been
presented to the legislature asking for an act of incorporation for an organiza-
tion to be known as the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society.
The act prayed for seems not to have been the result of united action
of the fraternity body, but of a majority of its members acting independently
and with the approval of the organization. However, the act was passed and
became a law May 19, 1855, ^^^ at a subsequent meeting held by the frater-
nity December 9. 1856, the old pioneer sccietv passed out of existence and
was succeeded by the present state organization. The new society held sev-
eral informal meetings to settle upon a plan of permanent organization, and
on September 24, 1856, elected its first officers as follows: Dr. Samuel Gregg
of Boston, president ; Dr. Charles Weld of Brookline and Dr. William Wes-
selhoeft of Boston, vice-presidents ; Dr. G. W. Swazey of Springfield, corre-
sponding secretary ; Dr. David Thaver of Boston, recording secretary ; Dr.
William F. Jackson of Roxburv, treasurer ; Dr. George Russell of Boston,
librarian ; Drs. C. M. Weld, of Jamaica Plain, and B. H. West, Luther Clark,
Milton Fuller and L. M. Barker, of Boston, censors.
For more than sixty-five years the Homoeopathic Medical Society of
Massachusetts has been regarded as the mother organization of the profes-
sion in New England, and has exercised an influence for good in the councils
of other societies in that commonwealth and also in other states east of the
212
HISTORY OF HOMCEOIWTHY
Hudson river; and its influence and voice in the directive affairs of the Amer-
ican Institute of Homoeopathy have been welcomed and appreciated by the
great number of homoeopathic, physicians constituting that national body. On
December 22, 1890, the society celebrated its semi-centennial anniversary, and
made the occasion one of importance in the homteopathic history of Massa-
chusetts. Since 1867 the society has published annual transactions; one of
the earlier volumes contains old records and many interesting historical data.
The society also has published numerous pamphlets, addresses, directories,
and valuable reports and statistics on homoeopathic registration. The ]Dres-
ent membership is about three hundred and seventy-five practitioners, and
every one a physician of good moral and professional standing.
Among the other homoeopathic societies, some of which are no longer
in existence, mention may be made of the Boston Academy of Homoeopathic
Aledicine,, organized November 30, 1858,- and consolidated in May, 1873, with
Westloro Hoimx>(^ijathic Asylum tor Insane.
the [Boston Homoeopathic Society, then taking the name of Boston Homoe-
opathic Society; The Boston Homceopathic Society, organized in 1868; the
Bristol County Homteopathic Medical Society, organized October 3. 1866;
the Essex County Homreopathic Medical Society, organized at Lynn May
I, 1872; the Hughes Medical Club of Boston, organized October 23, 1878;
the Lowell Hahnemann Club, organized November 22. 1881 ; the Massa-
chusetts Surgical and Gynaecological Society, organized in Boston December
6, 1876; the Middlesex South Homoeopathic Society, organized at Newton
January 12, 1876; the Organon Society of Boston, organized December 8,
1887; the Plymouth Countv Homoeoj-jathic Medical Society, organized March
3, 1887; the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Western Massachusetts, organ-
ized at Greenfield May 23, 1878; the Worcester County HonKeoj^athic INledi-
cal Society, organized June 2"], 1866; the Boston Gynaecological Club, organ-
ized March 23. 1881.
W K.STP.ORO ASNI.TM I-'OU -\'\\V. 1NS.\NE.
Tn treating of hospitals and other kindn'd institutions in Massachusetts
these annals can furnish only brief mention. Th;it which demands first atten-
tion is of a distinctive!}- pul)lic cliaracter, not a private nor yet a specially
MIS r( )\<\ ( )!•■ IK ).\i(]-:( )i'.\ riiv 2i:-5
hoiiKL'opathic insLitnlidii, allhcnii:;!! tlic Ici^^islativc ])o\ver of the commonwealth
gave its mechca! (lepaitnient in charge of homreopathic physicians.
The institution to which aHusion is thus made is that known as the West-
horo Asylum for the Insane, which dates its foundation from an act of the
general court of Massachusetts, passed June 3, 1884, although the asylum
as a means of administering to the physical and mental needs of its charges
through the medium of the homoeopathic system of medicine was not formal-
1\ ii])(.ned until December 6. 1886. Since that tim(> it has been under homoe-
ojKithic medical supervision, and reports show that under the system at least
cis good results are accomplished as under any other school .of medicine in
Dn\- similar institution in this state or elsewhere.
Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital. In the order of seniority among
the distinctively homoeopathic hospitals of the state that known as the Mas-
sachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital is entitled to first mention, and traces its
history back to the days when the old fraternity was in the full vigor of its use-
ful career. At a meeting held January 22. 1850, the fraternity resolved itself
into '■ a committee of the whole for the purpose of ascertaining the mind of
the public regarding the establishment of a homoeopathic hospital in the city
of Boston." Nothing, however, was accomplished at the time, nor even five
years later, when, at a meeting held January 30, 1855, ^ committee was ap-
pointed to prepare a petition to the general court for a charter for a homoe-
opathic hospital to be located in the city before inentioned, although the act
prayed for was passed (May 19, 1855) and an organization was efifected
under the incorporation. The officers then chosen were Dr. Charles B. Hall,
president ; Drs. Dexter King, Edward Mellen, A. W. Thaxter and Francis B.
I'"ay. vice-presidents ; Dr. George Bancroft, secretary ; and Dr. John P. Jewett,
treasurer.
Failing in an endeavor to enlist state aid for the proposed hospital, the
trustees instead of attempting to maintain such an institution with all its
attendant expense, wisely determined to limit their operations to a dispen-
sary foundation, and to that end secured the incorporation (May 28, 1856)
of the Homoeopathic Medical Dispensary, which was carried on with gratify-
ing results for several years. Again, in 1861 an attempt was made to found
a hospital, but the disturbed condition of the country on account of the im-
jienrling war made persistent efifort impracticable ; and in consequence of
these earlv embarrassments it was not until January 2T,, 1871, that the hospital
was in fact opened. Various means, especially festival enterprises, were
adopted to create funds, and the ultimate success which crowned the labors
of the founders was in a great measure clue to the Ladies' Aid Association,
and the " great fair " held in 1872, which netted the institution about $76,000.
A ]iermanent home for the hospital was found near the Boston University
School of ^Medicine, in a imilding which once was a female medical college.
Tn 1890 the legislature a])i)ropriated $120,000 for the erection of new build-
ings. The hospital is maintained with the interest on invested funds, volun-
tary contributions and pay ])atients. The nurses" school was opened in 1885.
Th.is institution is said to be the largest hospital in America under homoe-
opathic management.
The Flampden Homoeopathic Hospital at Springfield was founded largely
throus^h the influence, of Dr. John H. Carmichael and the benevolence of Mr.
and Mrs. Daniel 1'. Wesson, the latter of whom s'ave their former residence
in High street for hospital purposes Following the offer and gift the hospita-
2U HISTORY OF HOAia:OPATHY
associaticni was incorporated, and the trnstees perfected an organization and
accepted the property, on which within the last two years the original hene-
factors have erected a splendid hospital building. The movement leading to
this hospital originated in 1900, and the institution was opened for patients
in November of that year. A nurses' school has since been established.
The Worcester Homoeopathic Hospital had its origin in the Warren
Surgical Hospital, opened in November, 1893, by Dr. J. IC. Warren, and the
union of that institution with the Worcester Homoeopathic Dispensary Asso-
ciation, the latter being a body corporate. The hospital trustees were incor-
porated in Jwne, 1896. A training school for nurses is maintained in connec-
tion with the hospital.
The Newburyport Homoeopathic Hospital was founded in 1893, ^^^ is
incorporated. In 1900 the institution was generously provided for in the
will of the late Ann Toppan. who left it one-third of her estate.
In this connection a brief rrtention may be made of some other of the
hospital institutions of the state, among them the Homoeopathic Hospital for
Children in Boston, opened in 1900; the Salem Homoeopathic Hospital, opened
in 1900; the Baldwin Place Home for Little Wanderers, in Boston; the
Consumptives' Home, the House of the Angel Guardian, and the Home for
Young Women, the latter in Lowell.
At a meeting of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society held
October 12, 1864, Dr. Samuel Gregg read a paper on " The Early Annals
of Homoeopathy in Massachusetts." He said: "During the year 1837, I
had seen in the medical journals strictures upon the small doses of a new
system of medical practice. My attention was perhaps more willingly di-
rected to the subject, havmg for many years been dissatisfied with my pro-
fession. I had become tired of the uncertainty of my prescription. During
the winter of 1837-8, I had an interesting case in a patient suffering from
tuberculosis pulmonum in a scrofulous constitution, which I was satisfied I
could not cure. At this time I saw two patients (in the family of Thatcher
Magcwn, Esq., of Medford), who had received homoeopathic treatment from
Dr. \ anderburgh, who was then in practice in New York. The allopathic
materia medica was then being enlarged by the introduction of concentrated
chemical preparations of drugs. As showing my entire ignorance of the
preparation of homoeopathic medicines, I distinctly recollect saying to these
patients, when they described the wonderful effects of the little pills, that a
physician must be reckless who would prescribe a remedy capable of pro-
ducing such results, in so concentrated a form. But at the solicitation of
these friends I concliided to take my patient and consult Dr. Vanderburgh
at New York. Although this physician did not at the time give much en-
couragement of benefiting my patient, yet he gave me such a synopsis of the
new school practice of therapeutics as to excite in my mind a determination
to examine the merits of the new theory of healing. I obtained all the books
that were then ])ublished in English translation : viz, Hahnemann's Qrganon ;
the first edition of Hering's 'Domestic Practice,' in two very small volumes ;
some small pamphlet expositions of homoeopathy, and the translation of
Jahr's 'Manual,' by the North American Academy, which was then in press
(the 'Repertory' was not then published); also the 'Archives,' of Paris
(Archives de la Medicine Homoeopathique, Paris, 1834-38) containing the
rej)orted cases of treatment by the homoeopathic physicians of Paris. I also
])rncuied a few of the more general remedies, and commenced my investiga-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 215
tion of the ])nnci])k's ot therapeia. I soon after obtained a (jernian case of
medicines, containins^' one hundred and seventy vials of the mother tinctures
and first triturations. I'rom these 1 began to make mv own preparations,
and have continued to prepare all that I have used ever since. In my early
administration of homoeopathic medicine I was under exceeding obligations
to Dr. Vanderburgh for counsel and assistance ; for often in my lonely ex-
plorations I vvas troubled, ahd whenever I applied to him I was sure to re-
ceive instruction by return of mail ; and I trust I have not been unmindful of
it toward my juniors. Thus I continued my investigations. I had a reasonable
share of patronage in my allopathic practice, and when I told my patients
T had more confidence in the new system than I had in the old, they were
willing to abide by my decision ; and after having once made the experience
I have seldom found any one willing to return to old school treatment of
disease. My first associate in my new adventure was my friend Dr. J. F.
Flagg. He was not then in general practice, but had given his attention to
dentistry. He had long suffered from dyspepsia, and in the summer of 1838,
while on a visit at Philadelphia, he was persuaded by his friends there to
take some medicine from Dr. Humphrey, who was then in homoeopathic
practice. Dr. Flagg was so well satisfied with the efficiency of the reme-
dies, that he furnished himself with what books he could and commenced
the investigation for his own satisfaction. Not relinquishing his dentistry,
his practice was mostly confined to a kind of dispensary practice among his
immediate friends. Thus he continued for some months supposing himself
alone, until, having occasion to send to New York for some medicine he was
told he could obtain it from me. Sometime during the year 1840 Dr. J. P.
Spooner of Dorchester and Dr. Charles Wild of Brookline, became interested
in examining the subject of homoeopathy, at the suggestion of their mutual
friend, Dr. Flagg. In December, 1840, we commenced associate meetings
for mutual improvement; and in February, 1841, we adopted the constitution
and by-laws of a regular association called the Massachusetts Homoeopathic
Fraternity, which held meetings until a state scxriety was organized."
Dr. Samuel Gregg was born in New Boston, N. H., July i, 1799. He
acquired a good New England education, though not collegiate, and at eigh-
teen was teaching school. He graduated from Dartmouth Medical School
in 1825, practiced for a short time with Dr. John Stearns in Charlestown,
Mass.. and then decided to go to Medford. With him in his first trip to Med-
ford was a friend. Thatcher Magown, who went with him to call on one Dr.
Brooks, then a practicing physician in Medford and who had been gov-
ernor. Dr. Brooks after listening to him said : " Young man, I would not
advise you to settle here ; there are physicians enough in this place." Dr.
Gregg looked at the ex-governor coolly and stamping his foot answered,
" You do not, well, then I will sta)/' He remained in Medford fifteen years,
having a large and lucrative practice. In Noveiriber, 1840, he removed to
Boston. He was one of the founders of the American Institute of Homoe-
opath}- in 1844 and a prominent member, a founder of the Massachusetts
Homoeopathic Hospital and of the various homoeopathic societies of the
city and state. He died at Amherst, Mass., October 25, 1872.
The next physician to adopt homoeopathy in the state was Dr. Josiah
Foster Flagg, who was born in Boston, January 11, 1789. His father, Josiah
Flagg. was a dentist. He entered as a student of medicine with Dr. John C.
Warren, in i8ti. During his student life he perfected improvements in
'■^l^ HISTORY OF HOAICEOPATHY
many suriiical instrunicnls. iK)tal)l\ the ixme forceps. In 1813 he undertook,
with Dr. Warren, the puhhcation of a work on the arteries, the first of its
kind ever issued. The engravings for this work were done with his own
liand. This book had a good sale. A few years later he prepared drawings
for Dr; Warren's " Comparative View of the Nervous System."
Dr. Flagg graduated from Harvard Medical School in 181 5, being it is
said particularly well educated in surgical knowledge. For some time after
graduating he practiced at Uxbridge, Mass. He continued in practice for
several years, when he removed to Boston and established himself as a den-
tist. His reputation was such that his rooms were constantly filled with
patients, and he was considered one of the most scientific and skillful men
in his profession. Among his surgical inventions are the tooth forceps, and
an improvement on Desault's apparatus for fracture of the femur, this
latter being introduced by Dr. Warren into the Massachusetts General Hos-
pital.
In 1838-9 his attention was attracted to homoeopathy by facts and exper-
iments of such convincing character that he was obliged against his pre-
judices to believe. After some months of careful study of the principles of
homoeopathy, he collected the symptoms of a few cases and submitted them
to the consideration of experienced homoeopathic practitioners in New York
and Philadelphia, who were his personal friends, and he gave the remedies
according to their directions. He did this for some time, not trusting to his
own judgment, and after he had witnessed the effect of this prescribing on
a number of well marked cases he became satisfied that there was some-
thing more than imagination in the good results that followed. He collected
the records of 300 cases treated by himself and the results of several were
])u])lished. His methods of examining cases were strictly according to the'
directions of Hahnemann. As has been stated, he was interested with Dr.
Gregg in the advancement of homoeopathy. He died December 20, 1853.
Dr. Charles Wild was born in Boston, januar}- 15, 1795. He graduated
from Harvard College in 1814, completed his medical studies, and estab-
lished himself in Brookline in 1818. He practiced there for forty years and
then went to Providence, and only resumed his practice for a few mcMidis
in the early part of the rebellion in order that his son. Dr. Edward A. Wild,
afterwards brigadier general, might enter the arm\'. It was through the
influence of his friend Dr. Flagg that Dr. Wild first investigated homoe-
opathy in the year 1840. He died May 3, 1864.
The fourth member of the fraternity quartette was Dr. John P. Spooner,
who graduated at JIanover m the academic and medical departments. He
took his medical degree in 1820 and located in Boston. In 1838 he went
to Dorchester. His attention was called to homoeopath}- in 1839 by some re-
markable cures that he had seen. Fle got som.e of the books and medicmes
of that school and began to investigate. He was so well satisfied that he
declared himself a homcjeopathist, and it was at his house in Dorchester that
the first meeting of the homoeopathic fraternity was held.
I )r. Gregg induced a brother practitioner. Dr. Daniel Swan, to investi-
gate homcvopathy. Dr. Swan was born in Charlestown b'ebruary 2S. 1781.
He graduated at Harvard in 1803, ^^^^ for a time was a teacher. He then
began the study of medicine in Medford with Doctor (afterwards governor)
Brooks, who on entering political life gave Swan his practice. He married
a lad;\ of wealth and was very charitable to the poor. A favorite prescrip-
llISTCJin- (,)l- 11().\1(]-:()1'ATHY
217
tion read: '"Ivccipc, .\uri quantum sufficit," and lie was f(jnd of dispensing
it. In 1839, intiuenced by the remarkable success of Dr. Gregg, who had a
year before adopted homoeopathy, Dr. Swan began to experiment with homoe-
opathic medicines and soon became a convert. He died December 5, 1864,
aged eight\-four years. Dr. Swan commenced practice in Brighton, but in
1816 took Dr. Brook's practice in IMedford. For several years in the latter
part of his life he made no charges and received no fees, and when he re-
tired from practice he gave up his rich patients and kept a few poor families.
He bought many books on homa^opathy and collected a valuable librarv, '
which at his death went to the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Society.
Medford was the first town in the state to receive the new svstem. Be-
sides Dr. Gregg, whose history has been noted, there was Dr. Milton Fuller,
Milton Fulkr, -M. D.
Avho succeeded to the pi(3neer's practice in 1841 when he went to Boston.
Milton Fuller was born in Westmoreland, X. H., January 5, 1799. He was
a farmer's son, and when eighteen entered a store, but soon becoming dis-
satisfied, entered Chesterfield academy to fit himself for the study of medicine.
He remained there two years and then went to Boston, becoming a student
under Dr. Solomon D. Townsend at the Marine Hospital in Charlestown.
He attended lectures at Harvard Medical School and two courses by Dr.
Ingalls of Brown Universit}-. He married in 1823 and began practice in
Scituate. remaming there until 1841. It v.as due to several conversations
with his friend Dr. Flagg in 1841 that Dr. Fuller became a believer in homoe-
opath v. He procured a tew medicines but did not dare give them. At last
218 HISTORY OF HOMQiOPATHY
a case which he was sure nnist terminate in lung fever, inchiced him to try
the value of aconite. The experiment resulted in a return to health in
two days, and the result was so- wonderful that he made further experiments
and became confirmed in the belief that this was the real method of healing.
In 1841 he located in Medford, and in 1842 became a member of the frater-
nity. Dr. Fuller remained in Medford until 1855, when he located in Boston.
He was a charter member of the institute and a member of the state and
other societies. He died March ii, 1885, at the advanced age of eighty-six
years.
Dr. Fuller was succeeded in Medford by Dr. Elwell Woodbury, who
shortly after went to Chelsea, and gave up practice soon after on account of
iU health. He died June 15, 1874. Dr. Alfred B. Stone practiced for a
short time in Medford. He was a student of Dr. Gregg. He died suddenly
June 3, 1855. James Hedenberg of Troy, N. Y., a graduate of Castleton
Medical College in 1852, located at Medford, June 20, 1855, succeeding Dr.
Stone.
Dr. Flagg introduced homoeopathy in Boston, but his attention was con-
fined to chronic cases, and the first professed homoeopathic physician to prac-
tice activel}- in that city was Dr. Luther Qark, who was born in Waltham,
Mass., July 30. 1810, and was educated at Harvard, graduating A. B. in
1833, and M. D. in 1836. He practiced in Boston until 1870, when ill health
compelled him to remove to Waltham. In 1833 he met Hennig G. Linberg,
a learned Dane living in Santa Cruz, who was acquainted with Hering, and
who so strongly recommended that he study homoeopathy that Dr. Clark was
induced to examine it. He read the Organon and was tempted to believe the
principle of similia until stopped by the ridiculously small doses. For seven
years he remained an allopath, but in 1840 he became fully converted to the
new school. He died at Lincoln, Mass., September 26, 1884.
Dr. William W. Cutler was another early practitioner in Boston. He
was a graduate of Harvard, both of the academic and medical departments.
He joined the fraternity in 184T, and was its first secretary. After practic-
ing homoeopathy for several years he engaged in mercantile pursuits with
his father, Pliny Cutler. He was always an ardent advocette of homoeopathy.
Boston received an important addition to its few homoeopathic practi-
tioners in 1841 m Dr. William Wesselhoeft, who reached that city in Septem-
ber, coming from Allentown, Pa., and his influence was soon felt. He at
once took his place as a leader, and so continued during his long and import-
ant life.
In 184J another of the Philadelphia honireopathists located in Boston,
Charles Frederic Hofifendahl. He was born in New Brandenberg, Mecklen-
berg-Strolitz, Germany, June 28, 1798. At the age of sixteen he commenced
medical studies ; at eighteen he became a student at the Austrian military
medical trainmg school (St. Joseph's), and on finishing his course entered the
Austrian service as assistant surgeon. He served in an infantry regiment
and accompanied it through a campaign in Italy. While in this position he
became interested in homoeopathy through Dr. Schmidt, the chief of the med-
ical staff. After leaving the service he finislied his medical studies, taking
the full degree at Berlin in 1829. After graduation he was for seven years
physician to Hermann, Count Schwerin of Mecklenlx^rg, practicing homoe-
opathy exclusively. In 1837 he came to America and began practice in Phil-
adelphia, remaining there until 1840. when he went to Albany, X. Y. From
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY ^19
there ho wont to Boston, whioh city ho afterwards made his liome. In 1846
ho maintained a dispensary over Boylston market, which for two years he
conducted successfully. H'e died April 24, 1862.
Dr. Christopher Minot Weld of Roxbury became a member of the fra-
ternity in March. 1841. He was bom in Boston, January 19, 181 2, graduated
at Harvard in 1833, ^^tudied medicine with Dr. Geo. C. Shattuck and gradu-
ated in medicine from Harvard Medical School in 1837. He began practice
in Boston, but soon afterwards went to Jamaica Plain. In 1840 one of his
patients went to New York to consult Dr. Gray and found complete relief
in his homceopathic treatment. She returned entirely cured and so enthusias-
tic that she persuaded Dr. Weld to investigate the system. To accomplish
this more thoroughly he went to New York and passed some time with
Gray, and in the study of Hahnemann and his tenets. He returned to
Boston and soon announced his adherence to the new school. He practiced
and defended homa^opathy for mure than twenty years, always living at
Jamaica Plain. He was a charter member of the American Institute of
Homoeopathy. He died March 13, 1878.
Dr. William Ingalls became an investigator of and believer in homoe-
opathy at the age of seventy-three. He was born at Newburyport, Mass., Alay
3, 1769, received the degree of A. B. at Harvard University in 1790, of M. A.
in 1794, and M. D. in 1801. He was professor of anatomy and surgery in
Brown University and also practiced in Boston for man}c years. He retired
from active work in 1834, and in 1843 became interested in homoeopathy.
He was a member of the committee of the American Institute of Homoe-
opathy appointed to prepare a work on topographical anatomy. He died
September 8, 1851. Dr. John Adams Tarbell was born in Boston, March 31,
1810, graduated at Harvard in .1832 and soon after commenced to study
medicine ^with his uncle, Dr. Samuel Adams of Boston. In 1833 he went
to Paris, where he spent nearly two years in medical study. He then re-
turned to Boston, continued his studies and received the medical degree from
Bowdoin College in 1836, and at once began practice. He was dissatisfied
with the uncertain methods in vogue, and had about decided to give up
medicine when he became interested in homoeopathy. Dr. Gregg thus writes
of Tarbell : " In the winter of 1842-3 there was a young schoolboy who
was familiar in my ofBce, and who was also an intimate acquaintance with
Dr. Tarbell. Occasionally he repeated some jeers upon homoeopathy from
Dr. Tarbell. Upon inquiring who this Tarbell was, I learned that he was a
young physician who after graduating in his profession here had spent two
years in medical study in Paris ; made himself familiar with the French
language : and on" his return had commenced the practice of his profession,
but soon after relinquished it, and was giving his attention, to other pursuits.
I complimentarily sent some expositions on homoeopathic medicine for him
to read. After reading them, he sent them back w^ith kind regards, saying
he had leisure and would be happy to read anything I might furnish him on
the subject. He became interested and called upon m.e. He told me that
soon after commencing his profession he had a particular friend who had
typhoid fever and called on him. ' He gave much attention to the case. As
the patient grew worse, he had counsel and the patient finally recovered, but
he felt that he could not take such responsibility again, and gave up practice.
After this conversation he obtained a homoeopathic library, gave his attention
to study and practice." In 1849 Dr. Tarbell published the " Pocket Homoe-
W-izabeth STi-ART Phelps.' Nathamm ]1 \u thohm \Vr'Ni>i:i.i. I'mi mis Ji t.i.\ Wak i. IIi^w
Elizabkth Palmf.r Peahoijy. touiSA May Alcott.
He.vmv Wapswohtii I.ONf.I-EI.I.nW.
William Llovu Carkisos. Throdoki-: Parkkr.
TnoMAs Starr Kino. a Bhons i ii..m .^ w i m « outii iih.i.inson. Thomas BaiKkv Aldkic
FAMOUS TATROXS Ol' 1 lOM ()i;()l'.\'lin'
HISTORY OF HOMCEOl'ATHY I'l'I
opathist;" in 1832 he wrote "Sources of Health;" in 1852-3 was associate
editor of the '" Quarterly HonKtopathic Journal." He edited I'-pps " Do-
mestic Homctopathist," and published " Homoeopathy Simplified." h"or sev-
eral years he had iieart troulile which caused his sudden death on Januar\
21, 1864.
Dr. David Tha\er was another of the early Boston houKjeopathists. He
was born in Ilraintree. ]\Iass., July 19, 1813. of " Mayflower '' ancestors. He
fitted for collej^e at !'hilli]:.s (Andover) Academy, and Appleton Academy,
Xew Ispswich. X. H. He graduated at Union College in Schenectady, X.
Y., in 1840. Dr. Thayer thus vv^ rites : " My first connection with homoeopathy
was in 1836, when I was a patient of two homceopathic physicians in .Albany,
X. Y. In that year 1 began tlie .>tud>' of anatomy and physiology with our
good Dr. Joslin of Xew York city, then an allopath, subsequently a homoe-
opathic physician. While a student of medicine I read a few homreopathic
books. In 1844 I bought some homoeopathic medicines of Xathaniel C.
Peabody, pharmaceutist in Sufl^olk place, Boston, and tried them, as I had
plenty of time to experiment and to observe the results of mv treatment.
At this time I did not know of the existence of such a rara avis in our city
as a homoeopathic physician, . though there were several. Gregg, Osgood,
Tarbell, Hofifendahl. I became so much a homoeopathic physician without
knowing one in Xew England. I Ijecame acquainted with Tarbell, Osgood
and Hofifendahl. In the fall and winter of i84()-7 ^^- C. F. Hofifendahl
and I opened a honKjeopathic dispensary in a room over Boylston market,
for the gratuitous treatment of the poor (we had a flaming sign which I
presume may now be found in the attic of the market). The first homteo-
pathic doctor I ever called on was Dr. John A. Tarbell. I learned some-
thing of Dr. C. F. Hoffendahl and humblv sought for information where I
could. Was admitted a member of the old homoeopathic fraternity in 1845
or '46. In 1847 I joined the American Institute of Homoeopathy at its meet-
ing in Boston."
Dr. Thaver graduated m medicine at the F]erkshire Medical College at
Pittsneld. Mass., in 18-L3, and at once began practice in Boston. He was a
member of the legislature several terms, for many years a coroner of Sufifolk
county, and for twenty-five years was surgeon of the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery of Boston. He died December 14, 1893.
Dr. David Osgood was a noteworthy figure among the early practi-
tioners. He had called on Hahnemann in 1839 in Paris with an old friend,
the Rev. Charles Brooks, but he at the time plainly showed that he had no
faith in homoeopathy. He was a graduate of Harvard, taking the academic
degree in 1813, and the medical in 1816. But despite his expressed disbelief
in his medical system during the visit to Hahnemann. Dr. Osgood was led to
embrace homoeopathy in 1846, and became one of its most zealovis advocates.
He died February 23, 1863.
The homoeopathic directorv of 1857 sives the names of the practitioners
in Boston at that tune as follows: L. M. Barker, D. F. Birnstill, Luther
Clark, Milton Fuller, C. F. Geist, Samuel Gregg, C. F. Hofifendahl, L. Mac-
farland. R. W. X'ewell, David Osgood, George Russell, O. S. Sanders. D. F.
Snndyckv. Israel Tisdale Talbot, John A. Tarbell, David Thayer. William
Wesselhoeft and Benjamin H. West. The homoeopathic physicians in Boston
in 1861 numbered 16; in 1870. 57; 1875, 74; 1882, 124; 1899. 200. and in
T904. 645.
222 HISTORY OF HO^ICEOPATHY
]n l'l\mouth Dr. Robert Capen was one of the earliest homoeopathic
practitioners. He joined the fraternity in 1842. He received his medical
degree at Harvard in 1818, and after practicing in Stoughton and North
Middleboro. removed to Plymouth in 1829. Tn 1839 he was induced by
Mrs. Mercy B. Jackson, who afterward became a practitioner in Boston, to
investigate homoeopathy. In 1842 he went to Boston on account of approach-
ing blindness. In 1843 ^"i^ was operated on for cataract', with partial relief,
but he continued to study and in a measure to practice until his death, Novem-
ber 6, 1853. Mrs. Jackson, being unwilling to return to allopathic treatment,
took up the study of medicine for her own benefit. She soon found outside
practice and after three years of gratuitous services she found it necessary to
make professional charges. Her practice extended to the neighboring towns
of Kingston, Duxbury, Carver. Middleboro and Pembroke. She graduated
at the New England Female Medical College in February, i860, and settled
in Boston the following May. Dr. Jackson was for many years a promi-
nent practitioner in the city. She died December 13, 1877.
The Rev. Mr. Tomlinson was for several years a lay practitioner in Ply-
mouth. Dr. Ferdinand Gustav Oehme located there in 1866. He was born in
Tschopau, Saxony, July 27, 1826. He graduated at Leipsic in 1852, and visited
the universities of Prag, Vienna and Paris in 1853. Being a witness of the
success of homoeopathy, he studied its tenets and openly practiced it in Dresden
in 1854-55. In June, 1855, he came to the United States and located at Con-
cord. In 1872, owing to ill health, he went to Tompkinsville. New York.
In Northampton Dr. Charles Walker was the first practitioner of homoe-
opathy. He was born in Belchertown in 1803, studied medicine with Dr.
Hunt of Northampton, and graduated from Jefiferson Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1828. He settled in Northampton and practiced for a year
and a half, then went to Hudson, N. Y., and studied homoeopathy under Dr.
George W. Cook. Returning to Northampton, he practiced homoeopathy
until his death, January 17, 1855. He was succeeded by Dr. H. J. M. Cate,
who remained imtil 1857, and then went to Milford, N. H. In 1870-75
he was practicing at Amherst, Mass. In 1857 Dr. Osmore O. Roberts, who
was a graduate of the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania in 1853 ^^^
who had been in practice in Milford, N. H., located in Northampton.
fn Andover the pioneer homoeopath was Dr. Francis H. Clark, a graduate
of Harvard in 1835. His attention was called to homoeopathy by some friends
in New York, and in 1840 he began to practice it. In the summer of 1840
he called on Dr. Gregg, who prepared him a case of medicines and helped
him to get such homceopathic ix>oks as had been published in English. He
was at that time practicing in Andover. He remained there but a few years,
and in 1846 engaged in manufacturing in Ballardvaie. He died in 1848.
Dr. E. Bruno De Gersdorflf succeeded Dr. Clark. He was born in Es-
march, Germany, July 18, 1820, was educated at Jena, and graduated in medi-
cine in Leipsic in 1846. Political troubles sent him to America. Dr. . De
Gersdorff's father was a warm friend of Hahnemann, who had at one time
saved young De Gersdorff's life. He came to America in 1846. His first
location was Bethlehem, Penn., where he remained a few months. Though
after the cure of De Gersdorflf his father was a firm believer in homceopathy
and a prover of several medicines, the young man. infatuated with the new
ideas on the pathology and physiology of the time, had abandoned homoe-
opathy, but on his arrival in the Ignited States, through the influence of a for-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 223
mer tutor, Dr. Lino en. whom he met in Pennsylvania, and Dr. Hofifendahl, he
was led to again adopt the homoeopathic law. Dr. De Gersdorfif died in Pleas-
antville, N. Y., June 28. 1883. Dr. J. Howarth succeeded him in practice. Dr.
Milton Berry practiced there for several years. Dr. J. C. W. Moore suc-
ceeded Berry, remaining but a short time. Dr. Oliver Leech Bradford went
from Peterboro, X. H.. in 1868 and remained there until 1876, when he located
in Fitchburg. In 1882 Mary Briggs Harris, Frank B. Kimball and Emma
M. E. Sanborn were practicing in Andover.
In Roxbury the first homoeopathic practitioner was Dr. Horace Dwight
Train. He graduated from Harvard in 1846 and in February, 1847, com-
menced practice in Roxbury, where he remained until 1853, when he went
to Sheffield. He died April 24, 1879.
Dr. Albert Lindsay located in Roxbury in 1851. He was born in July,
1822, in Wakefield, N. H. In 1846 he became acquainted with Dr. C. B.
Matthews, of Philadelphia, and through him obtained his first knowledge of
homoeopathy whdc living at Newburyport, Mass., and working at cabinet
making. He was supposed to have consumption and was advised to try out-
door pursuits. This he did, and recovered his health. Dr. F. A. Gordon
urged him to study medicine, and he began to read with him. Soon after
he went to Springfield, where he entered the office of Dr. G. W. Swazey.
whose niece he had married. He attended lectures at Brunswick, Me., but
graduated at the Philadelphia Homoeopathic College in 1851. Ill health com-
pelled him to remove, and in 1856 he located in Laconia, X. H.. in the bracing
air of the \\'hite mountains, where he practiced until his death, December 13,
1886.
Dr. William F. Jackson was born in Brunswick, Me. ; graduated at
Bowdoin College in 1846: studied medicine with Dr. Wm. E. Payne, of Bath:
graduated at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1849: practiced in
Gardner, Me., until 1853, when he settled in Roxbury, residing there until
his death. April 3, 1879.
Dr. Joseph P. Paine, a native of Elaine, graduated from Homoeopathic
College of Pennsylvania in 1852; practiced at Damariscotta, Me., one year;
then removed to Dedham, Mass., where he practiced ten years, and in 1863
located at Roxbury.
Dr. John T. Harris was born in Marblehead; graduated at the Homoe-
opathic College of Philadelphia in 1853; commenced practice in Taunton;
practiced in Abingdon and East Bridgewater, and then located in 1863 at
Roxbury. He died about 1893, aged seventy-eight years.
In Lynn Dr. Daniel A. Johnson was the pioneer of homoeopath}-. He
graduated from Harvard Medical School in 1848. While attending a patient
he was attacked with ship fever from which he received no relief until of his
own accord he applied a cold water bandage. As soon as he could be removed
he went to X^ashua, X. H., where he received so much benefit from the homoe-
opathic treatment given him by Dr. J. F. Whittle that he became a convert
to homoeopathv. He opened an office in Lynn in 1848, and in 1854 removed
to Chelsea. Dr. E. P. Eastman adopted homoeopathy in 1850, but failing
healtli compelled him to give up practice in 1855. In 1854 Dr. John M.
Blaisdell succeeded Dr. Johnson. After remaining three years he went west,
but afterwards practiced in Bangor, Me. In 1858 Dr. Freeman Horton
moved from Weare, X^. H. He died March 3, 1861, aged forty-five vears..
Drs. B. F. Green and J. Brown also practiced in Lynn. In 1861 Dr. H. Ahl-
224 HISTORY OF HO.AKEOPATHY
horn went from Marlilchcad Ui L}nn. remaining- there until 1867. when he
located in lioston. Dr. Alvin Matthew dishing has heen for many years
identified. with homoeopath} in L.ynn. He was born in Burke, \"t., September
28, 1820; studied at Lyndon, \'t,, with Dr. Charles B. Darling and Dr. Henry
A. Houghton ; attended lectures at Dartmouth, and also at the Vermont Med-
ical College, Woodstock, and graduated from the Homoeopathic ^Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1856. He located in .Bradford, '\'t.^, being the first
to introduce homoeopathy in that town. He practiced for a short time in
Lansingburgh, N. Y., and then settled in Lynn, where he is still in practice.
Drs. I. H. Kimball and Alartha J. Flanders were in practice in Lynn in 1870.
])r. Inlanders was born in Concord, N. H., Januar\- 15, 1823. She was a stu-
Alvin M. Cnshins, M. D.
dent of Dr. Alpheus Morrill, and graduated from the Xew England Female
College in 1861. She was the first woman practitioner in Concord, where
she remained two years associated with Dr. Morrill She then located in
Lynn, where she practiced until i8()3, and then retired. She died .Xox'ember
3, 1898. Dr. Eleazer Bowen began i)ractice in L\nn in 185^), and in i860
removed to Jersey Citv.
In Salem the first homreopathic practitioner was Dr. John H. Floto, a
native of Cermanv. He was a graduate of the AUentown Academy and prac-
ticed for a time in Pennsylvania. He went to Salem in 1843 'i"*! remained
there until i860, when he went to San Francisco, where he located perma-
nently. In Maw 1850, Dr. De Gersdorff went from Andover to Salem, re-
mainine' ur.til 1868.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 225
Dr. Isaac Colby located in Salem in the 'forties. According to Dr. Elijah
U. Jones and Dr. Henry M. Smith, Dr. Colby had practiced allopathy in
Concord, N. H., as early as 1830. He began to practice homoeopathy in Con-
cord in 1846, went to Salem in 1851, and remained there until his death in
1866. In the list of members of the American Institute of Homoeopathy for
1848 is the name of Isaac Colby, Salem, Mass. He is mentioned in 1855 as
living in Concord at that time and also in 1866. Dr. Colby was a fellow
of the Massachusetts Medical Society, and one who was tried for joining
the homoeopathists. He died June 29, 1866.
Dr. John Gage Wood v;as born at Hollis, N. H., December 2^, 1829;
studied in Philadelphia with Dr. William A. Gardiner, and graduated at the
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1852. He settled in Salem,
first as partner with Dr. Colby, but later practiced alone. In 1857 his health
failed, but he continued active work until a few months before his death,
which occurred at Philadelphia, at the home of his father-in-law, Israel W.
James, April 29, 1859.
Dr. Henry C. Angell began practice in Salem with Dr. Floto in 1853. ^^
was born in Providence, R. I., in 1829; studied with Dr. A. H. Okie, and
graduated at the Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania in 1853. He re-
mained in Salem a few months and then went to Europe, studying in Vienna
under Wurmb and Caspar for a year. He then settled in Lynn, but in 1857
removed to Boston, which city he made his home. The years 1861-63 he
passed in Europe, and, returning in 1864, he devoted himself to treatment
of diseases of the eye and ear. He published several books on diet and also
on the treatment of the eye and ear.
Dr. Shadrach M. Cate was born in Loudon, N. H., October 24, 1823.
At the age of nineteen he entered the office of Dr. Alpheus Morrill, then of
Solon, Ohio. During the third year of his studies. Dr. Morrill, the preceptor,
became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, and Dr. Cate also became a
believer. He attended the medical course in Western Reserve University at
Cleveland in 1844-45, "^^''is examined bv the board of censors of the Ohio
Homoeopathic Medical Society, and admitted as a member, that being equiva-
lent to a license to practice. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Dr.
Morrill, who had removed to Columbus, and in that city they introduced the
homoeopathic practice. In December, 1847, Dr. Cate returned to Loudon
and was the first to introduce homoeopathy in that section. In January, 1849,
he married i\'lartha J. Messer. In 1854 he graduated from the Western Col-
lege of Homoeopathic Medicine in Cleveland. In 1850 he went to Augusta,
Me., and in i860 removed to Massachusetts and settled in Salem.
In 1865 Dr. Nathan R. Morse removed to Salem from Reading, and in
1868 Dr. Samuel H. Worcester went there from Gloucester. Dr. Ezekiel
Morrill also practiced there several years. In 1857 Drs. Floto, De Gersdorff,
D. B. Hannan, J. B. Walter and J. G. Wood were located in Salem. Dr.
James M. Cummings also practiced there from 1846 to 1850.
Dr. Nathan R. Morse was born in Sottard, N. H., February 20, 1831 ;
graduated at Amherst College in 1853. After graduation he taught school
at Marion, Mass., and later was principal of the high school at Holyoke,
which position he resigned in i860 to become private tutor in the families of
Rev. Levi Parks and F. A. Parks, of Ouachita, La. In 1861 he returned
north and entered Harvard ■Medical School. Fie took the second course at
the L'niversity of A'ermont. graduating there in June, 1862. After spending
226 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
a short time in the office of Dr. J. H. Woodbury in Boston, he located at
Reading, Mass. In 1865 he removed to Salem, succeeding to the practice of
Dr. Hiram Gove. He died August 5, 1897.
Homoeopath}- was introduced m Newburyport in April, 1842, by Dr.
George Washington Swazey, who was born in Exeter, N. H., August 10,
t8i2, and grafluated from Bowdoin Medical School in 1837. He located at
Harwick, Alass., until 1838, when he went to Bucksport, Me., remaining there
until 1842, when he went to Newburyport. His attention was called to
homoeopathy by reading Hahnemann's Organon while attending his third
course of lectures, and he was strengthened in his belief in its tenets by the
unfair criticism with which homoeopathy was assailed by members of his own
school. He read the " Homoeopathic Examiner," the leading journal of the
new school, and when he heard that his old friend and classmate, Dr. Wm.
E. Payne, of Bath, had decided to adopt homoeopathy, he, too, commenced
its practice. Fully convinced at last, in 1842 he left Maine and went to New-
buryport and announced himself as a homoeopathic physician. Of course he
met with bitter opposition. Of this time he himself wrote : " The trials of
an isolated homoeopathist in those early days of our practice are now but
seldom encountered. Allopathic physicians then were perhaps no more an-
gered by our opposition in their practice than now, but their censorship had
more effect. Public sentiment was then in leading strings, which it seems
nearly to have outgrown, and much more than now did everybody dread the
malediction of the doctors in power," Dr. Swazey, in a personal letter,
wrote : " When I went to Newbur3'port I found a young woman there who
had a case of homoeopathic medicines and was dispensing them to her friends."
He removed to Springfield in the autumn of i8z^4 and located permanently.
He was a leading physician of western Massachusetts, was one of the
founders of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and active in society
circles. He met a painful and sudden death September 8, 1877. He left
home one Saturday evening about nine o'clock to visit a patient at Deerfield,
and mistaking his way in the darkness walked oft a railroad bridge near the
depot, falling thirty feet to the ground below. He died an hour later.
In 1845 01^6 Bianchini, an Italian, opened an office, but meeting with
much opposition remained only a short time. He afterward lived in New
Orleans.
Dr. Stephen Madison Gale located at Newburyport in the fall of 1850,
He writes of the condition previous to his advent: " A few years later (than
1845) s young lady by the name of Hudson, who had read a good deal on
the subject of homoeopathy, obtained some medicines and prescribed for many
of her friends quite successfully. This very much enraged the physicians of
the old school. A missionary who had returned from Africa sick was for a
long time under the care of these physicians. He grew gradually worse and
put himself under the care of Miss Hudson. He became dropsical and she
could not get one of them to tap him. She succeeded however in getting
rid of the water by remedies and he recovered and returned to Africa. Miss
Hudson left in 1849, much to the regret of the friends of the new system. I
came here in the fall of 1850 from Methuen, where I had practiced the old
system for eleven years. T got my first impression of the superiority of the
new system over the old from my friend, Dr. Do Gersdorff, who then prac-
ticed in Andover, In coming here I met with a good deal of opposition and
I supposed I should, hut T have fovmd a sufficient number of patrons to war-
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
227
rant me in remaining at my post for nearly twenty years. Since I came here
Drs. Weidman, W. L. Thompson, J. Harris and L. M. WiUis have practiced
here for a short time, and left for better locations. Dr. E. P. Cummings
located here about 1866, and Dr. David Foss in 1867." Dr. Gale was born
October 20, 1809, at Kingston Plains, N. H. He was the youngest of five
sons, all physicians. He studied medicine with his uncles and with his brothers,
Drs. Ezra B. Gale, of Kingston, N. H., and L. B. Gale, of Boston. After
attending three courses at Harvard Medical School, he graduated in 1837.
He located at Derry, N. H., but in 1839 settled at Methuen, Mass. In the
fall of 1850 he located at Nev^^buryport and at once began to practice homoe-
opathy. He died of apoplexy, January 26, 1882. Dr. E. P. Cummings was
born at Stratham, N. H., in 1826. During the rebellion he was assistant sur-
geon on the ship Roanoke, and afterward in the Twenty-third Massachusetts
infantry. He introduced homoeopathy into Exeter. X. H., in 1858. He died
April 8, 1878.
In Lowell the pioneer homoeopath
was one of the Allentown coterie. Chris-
tian Frederic Geist, who settled in Low-
ell in 1843. • Dr. Geist was born in Hayn,
near the Hartz, Germany, November
19, 1805, and first interested himself
in homoeopathy in 1831. He became
acquainted with Dr. Wohleben, a Ger-
man homoeopathist, with whom he
studied. He prepared remedies himself,
as many others did in those days. At
first he employed white wafers prop-
erly medicated, and afterward he used
pellets. Dr. Wohleben furnished Geist
with books and medicines, and he
came to America in 1835. I" 1836 he
went to Allentown with letters of in-
troduction. At Hering's house he met
the teachers and scholars, and studied
at the academy. Afterward he spent
some years with Wesselhoeft in Boston,
remaining there from 1840 to 1843.
He was then induced to go to Lowell,
where he found a strong prejudice
against homoeopathy. Although he la-
bored under difficulties, he made some
brilliant cures. One was a Mrs. Clark, wife of the agent of the Merrimac
mills, who had been a great sufTerer for years and could hardly move about.
She had taken much allopathic medicine, but without relief. After two months
treatment under Geist, she was so much improved that she was able to atterid
a ball. Of course this made many friends for homoeopathy. Dr. Geist did not
remain long in Lowell, but in 1845 returned to Boston, where he made his
home until his death, August 27, 1872.
The following letter written in 1870 by Dr. Daniel Holt, who succeeded
Dr. Geist, furnishes interesting information relating to the early practitioners
of homoeopathy in Massachusetts, and particularly in Lowell : " I com*
Geo. W. Swazev. M. D.
228 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
menced the practice of homceopathic medicine in October, 1845, iii Lowell.
Dr. Geist, now of Boston, and Dr. Pike, who died in Lawrence some ten
3'ears since, were here previously a few months each. Dr. R. Shackford, now of
Portland, Me., commenced here at the same time as myself. He remained
here three years. I was then alone most of the time for some ten years
when Dr. Hiram Parker, who had been in practice here since 1835, ^" large
business, studied and gradually adopted the homoeopathic principle. He
brought most of his patrons into the new practice and largely increased it
among the people. Before and after this, however. Dr. Gross, now of Wis-
consin, Dr. A. H. Flanders, and Dr. C. H. Walker, son of Dr. Charles Walker
of Northampton, were here tw^o or three years each. Dr. Walker went to
Kentucky, where he died. Dr. Harwood, a student of mine, opened an of-
fice here about i860. He was an accomplished surgeon and went as assistant
surgeon to the wav and died in service. Dr. Aaron Walker, another student
of mine, who was superintendent of schools in New Orleans during the war
under General Butler, a graduate of Amherst College and of the New York
Homoeopathic College, opened an office here in 1868, but is now in Man-
chester, N. H. Dr. A. Buswell came here and located in 1866. He investi-
gated the principle and attended a course at the Philadelphia Homoeopathic
College and openly adopted our practice. He is a graduate of the military
school at Woodstock, Vt., and of Dartmouth Medical College. Dr. David
Packer, who had long been in some practice in Vermont, and also a Method-
ist circuit preacher, graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Penn-
sylvania (1866) and came here in 1867 and stayed two years; he is now lo-
cated in Chelsea. Dr. E. H. Packer and Dr. A.' Thompson from the Phila-
delphia Homoeopathic College have been here some two years each. Dr.
E. B. Holt, a graduate of Harvard Medical College and Philadelphia Homoe-
opathic Medical College, is now here with me (son of Dr. Daniel Holt).
Dr. A. E. Aldrich, graduate of Harvard Medical College, located here last
autumn. Dr. Daniel Parker, of Billerica, has an office in our city; he is
homoeopathic in medicine, but makes a specialty of the battery. We think
we have from one-third to one-half -the practice in the city."
Dr. Holt was born in Hampton, Conn., July 2, 1810. He studied at Ash-
ford, Connecticut., at Amherst, Mass., the Yale scientific school, with his
brother. Dr. Hiram Holt of Pomfret, Conn., and graduated at the New Haven
Medical School in 1835. For ten years he practiced in Glastonbury. He
Vv^rote several monographs, and being appointed to write a paper for the
jMassachusetts Medical Society, chose as his subect " Homoeo])athy," that
he might " show up " its absurdities. But vipon studying the subject his ideas
so changed that the paper which was intended to prove its false doctrine was
really published under the title " Views of Homoeopathy, or reasons for ex-
amining and admitting it as a Principle in Medicine." Dr. Holt lost no time
in studying under Dr. Skiff of New Haven, and by frequent conferences with
Drs. Gray, Hull, Joslin, Wells and others of New York. After this publica-
tion the Massachusetts Medical Society promptly expelled Dr. Holt, upon
M'hich he moved to Lowell and began the practice of homoeopathy. He died
April II, 1883.
In 1857 the homoeopathic physicians in Lowell were Drs. Daniel Holt,
Hiram Parker and Charles \\''alker, Jr. In 1857 there were 11; 1882, 14;
1899, 15.
The pioneer homoeopath in New Bedford was Dr. Manning B. Roche.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
229
a graduate of Allcnlown Academ}-, who located in New Bedford in 1841,
going from Philadcl]:)liia. In 1847 Dr. Fleming, a clergyman, began prac-
tice, but left in 1851. Dr. Gustavus Felix ]\Iatthes was born at Schweldt,
Prussia, December 31, 1809. He was educated at Konigsburg and Stettin
and Berlin, and from 1832 to 1836 studied medicine in Berlin and Halle, at
the latter taking his degree. He began practice in Berlin and in 1840 lo-
cated at Scweldt. In 1845 he became a convert to homoeopathy. In 1849
he came to America and after remaining a short time in Boston established
himself in New Bedford. His death occurred May 17, 1889.
Dr. Daniel Wilder was born at Keene, N. H., April 19, 181 1. In 1845
he became a student of Dr. G. W. Swazey, of Springfield, Mass., and grad-
uated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 185 1. • He
had attended lectures at Jefferson Medical
College, but on weighing the systems of
medicine decided for homoeopathy. He at
once located at New Bedford, where he re-
mained until 1869, when ill health compelled
him to give up practice. Later he lived at
Greenfield, Mass.
Dr. Henry Bradford Clarke, son of Dr.
Peleg Clarke, was born in Cranston, R. I.,
October 18, 1827. After an education at
Brooke Farm, near Boston, and at a Friends'
boarding school in Providence, he graduated
at the Pennsylvania Homoeopathic College
in 1852, and in May following settled in
New Bedford. In 1856 he went to Des
]\Ioines, la., but within a year returned to
New Bedford, where he remained until ill
health compelled a change of climate. He
died at Coronado Beach, Southern Califor-
nia, ^larch 6, 1888.
Dr. Edward R. Sisson located at New
Bedford in 1854. He was born in,Westport,
Mass., September 2, 1828. He was a stu-
dent of Dr. Roche, and a graduate of the
Berkshire Medical School and the Homoeo-
pathic Aledical College of Pennsylvania. In •
1857 there were five homoeopaths in New Bedford; in 1875. 7; 1882, 10;
1899. 9.
Dr. Isaac Fiske introduced hom.oeopathy into Fall River in 1845. He
died June 3, 1873.
Dr. John Lewis Clarke, son of Peleg Clarke, was born in Scituate, R. I.,
November 30, 1812. He graduated at Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1854, and located at Fall River. He died December 24,
1880. In 1875 there were five homoeopathic practitioners in the city; in 1882,
5 ; in 1899, 7.
In Taunton Dr. George Barrows was the first settled homoeopathic phy-
sician, having located there in 1846. He was born in Attleborough, Mass.,
]\Iay 12. 1815; graduated from Amherst College in 1840; studied medicine
with his brother. Dr. Ira Barrows, then of Norton, Mass. ; attended one
G. F. Matthes, ^I. D.
230
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
course of lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and two at Pittsfield (Berkshire Medi-
cal School), where he graduated in 1847. He at once located in the new
city of Taunton. In 1856 he attended a course of lectures in the Homoe-
opathic College of Pennsylvania, graduating therefrom in 1852. During his
term at Pittsfield, he read a paper entitled " What is Homoeopathy ?" Dur-
ing the thirty-one years of his active life he was associated in practice with,
and professionally introduced Drs. Samuel W. Graves, Elijah Utley Jones
and J. W. Hayward. He died of paralysis and brain fever, January 18,
1878. He was led to homoeopathy by his brother's success and also that of
Dr. William Peck, of Cincinnati.
Dr. Samuel W. Graves remained in Taunton two years when he went
to Springfield, and afterward to Chicago where he died July 6, 1854. Dr.
Charles Harris was a graduate of Pittsfield in 1847. He settled in Taunton
in 185 1, remaining a few years and then went to Wareham. Pie was suc-
A. A. Klein, M. D.
ceeded in 1855 by his father, Dr. Handy Harris, who, after remaining three
years, located at Yarmouth.
Dr. Elisha Utley Jones was born in Augusta, Me., May 2, 1826, and
graduated at Waterville College and at Colby University, in medicine at the
latter institution. He studied under Dr. W. P. Jackson, of Gardner. He
graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1854. He
went to Concord, N. H., as assistant to Dr. Alpheus Morrill ; practiced at
Dover. N. H., in 1853, ^"^ by special request of Dr. George Barrows, he
went to Taunton in 1854. He died November 25, 1893. He was a promi-
nent physician in Taunton, for many years president of the board of health,
and held several public offices. In 1871 he published in volume one of the
" Transactions of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical Society," a valu-
able paper on the " Early History of Homoeopathy in Massachusetts."
Dr. John T. Harris was a graduate of the Homoeopathic College of Penn-
sylvania in 1853. He practiced two years in Taunton and then removed to
East Bridgewater. In 1859 he removed to Abington, and afterward went to
Roxbury, where he died.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
231
Dr. Joseph Warren Hayward was born July ii, 1841, at Easton, Mass.
He graduated from the state normal school at Bridgewater in i860, and at-
tended his first course at Harvard Medical School in 1862-63. He was then
appointed medical cadet of the United States, after passing an examination
by the army board in Philadelphia. He served for one year in the general
hospitals in Memphis and Louisville and then returned to New England, tak-
ing his degree in medicine from the Maine Medical School in June, 1864. He
was commissioned assistant surgeon United States volunteers, and was or-
dered to report to General Butler of the department of Virginia, and army
of the James. He served through the Petersburg and Richmond campaigns.
He was honorably discharged after the war and opened an office in New
York city. The conversation leading him to adopt homoeopathy occurred
Henry B. Clarke, M. D.
while he was in Richmond. An allopathic physician of repute, a member
of the board of health, in his search for cholera remedies wished to find
the one used by the homoeopathic physicians, saying that in the two epidemics
which occurred within his recollection, the homoeopathists had been much
more successful than the allopaths, and he thought they had " stumbled "
on a specific for the disease. In Dr. Hayward's search for thiS remedy he
discovered that it was the knowledge how to use the homoeopathic remedies
and the application of a right principle that gave success. In March, 1866,
he became partner with Dr. Barrows at Taunton.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Norton by Dr. Ira Barrows in 1842.
He was practicing allopathy when, happening to call on Dr. P. P. Wells who
had then just commenced the study and practice of homoeopathy in Provi-
232
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
dence, his attention was called to the subject. Dr. Barrows is referred to
more fully in the chapter relating to homoeopathy in Rhode Island. Dr. Ben-
jamin M. Rounds settled in Norton in 1847. and practiced there for many
years.
In Waltham Dr. George Russell began the practice of homoeopathy in
1839 or 1840, remaining until 1848, when he went to Boston. Dr. Russell
v;as born in Lincoln, Mass., September 23, 1795. He graduated from Har-
vard Medical School in 1820 and located in Lincoln, where he practiced for
seventeen years and then removed to Waltham, a neighboring town. Soon after
his settlement in Waltham he became interested in homoeopathy and adopted it
in practice, probably as early as 1839.
In 1845 he located in Boston, where he _
continued in practice until his death,
February 18, 1883. Dr. Russell's busi-
ness extended from Waltham to the
towns of Newton, Brighton, Wayland,
Lincoln and Cambridgeport. He was
succeeded in Waltham by Dr. W. W.
Hebberd, who joined the fraternity in
1850, and was then living in Waltham.
Dr. Thomas B. Wales practiced there
two or three years and then went to Ran-
dolph, where he died February 2, 1861,
aged thirty-eight years.
Dr. Charles F. Adams went to Wal-
tham about 1850, and joined the fra-
ternity in 185 1. In 1858 he went to
Rutland, Vt. Dr. C. F, Saunders prac-
ticed in Waltham two or three years.
He died January 4, 1862, aged twenty-
nine. Dr. Edward Worcester, a grad-
uate of the University of New York in
1851, removed from St. Albans, Vt., to
Waltham in i860, and has since resided
in that city. Dr. Luther Clark has prac-
ticed in Waltham at times while residing
there with his family.
In Woburn Drs. Gregg and Fuller had previously introduced some
knowledge of homa'opathy by occasional practice, but it was not until Sep-
tember, 1848. that there was a settled homoeopathic physician in that place.
At that time Dr. Thomas Spencer Scales located there. He was born at
Colchester, Conn., March 28, 1822. Fie graduated from Middlebury Col-
lege, Vt., m 1843, after which- he took a trip to Illinois. He then returned
east and studied dentistry, and i^racticed it at Nashua, N. H., for several
years. Deci'ding to study medicine, he became a student of Dr. Knight, of
Franklin, N. H., attended medical lectures in New York city, and later at
Woodstock, Vt., where he "graduated in 1848. He studied homoeopathy with
Dr. Gregg, of Boston, and then made Woburn his home until his (leath. Tune
6, 188 1.'
Smit1"''s directory for 1857 gives two homoeopathic physicians, S. Aldcn.
and N. \\'ashburn, as living in Ijridgcwater. Nahum Washburn graduated
Elisha J. Jones, jNI. D.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY * 238
from Dartmouth College in 1832, but became dissatisfied with the prevail-
ing therapeutics and devoted himself to dentistry, locating at Bridgewater.
In 1840, reading statements of the wonderful cures effected by homoeopathy,
he procured a book and some remedies to test the truth of the matter. He
was successful in the treatment^ of certain cases of obstinate skin disease,
and was sent for from neighboring towns, to try his remedies. However,
Having satisfied himself of the truth of homoeopathy, he turned his cases over
to Dr. Alden, whom he interested in homoeopathy, and who finally became
a hom_oeopathic practitioner. Dr. Alden was a graduate of Dartmouth Medi-
cal School in 1824, and was converted to homoeopathy in 1840.
The first physician to practice homoeopathy in Concord was William
Gallup. He was born in Plainfield, N. H., August 30, 1805. In 1826 he
began the study of medicine with his brother, Benjamin Gallup of Lebanon,
, X. H. He attended five courses of medical lec-
tures, two at the clinical school of medicine at
Woodstock. \'t.. and three at Dartmouth, where
he graduated in November, 1830. In April, 1831,
he began practice at Plainfield. In September, ^-^^^
1833, he removed to New Ipswich, and in 1837 ^^^^^
went to Concord, Mass. Late in 1839, he met f -sJ^
a ladv who had been subject to frequent attacks F*" "" -^g i
of enteralgia, very severe in character and un- tC1s.'^K
yielding to allopathic treatment. She told him ^^J|B^ j
of the good results from homoeopathic treatment ^^|^||^^^^^ '
and he decided to look into the matter, but found .^^^^^^^^^^^H
it dif^cult to obtain means to experiment. His ^^^B^^^^^^Vi
professional brethren were ready with abuse of ^^^^^^^^^^^V
homoeopathy, denouncing it as arrant quackery. ^^^^^^^^^^m \
He finally obtained some books and subscribed . ^^^^^^^^^___J
for the " Homoeopathic Examiner." Later he
obtained Hahnemann's Organon. Experiment Geo. Russell, ]\I. D.
satisfied him, and he became a homoeopathist. In
1844 he went to Bangor, Me., where he passed his life.
The first homoeopathic physician in Cambridge was Dr. Robert Wessel-
hoeft, brother of Dr. William Wesselhoeft. He was a graduate of Basle, and
came to America in 1840 and settled in Cambridge in the summer of 1841.
He practiced there four }ears. In 1845 he removed to Boston, and a year
later went to Brattleboro, Vt., where he founded a hydropathic establish-
ment with employed homoeopathic medication.
In November, 1847. Hiram Luce Chase settled in Cambridge. He was
born in Boston, May 19,, 1825, and graduated from Harvard Medical School
in 1846. About the time of graduating, his attention was called to homoe-
opathv and he entered the ofifice of Dr. Samuel Gregg to study its doctrines.
He settled in Cambridge, joined the fraternity, and soon built up a large
business.
As early as 1844 Rev. Dr. Davis, principal of Westfield Academy, prac-
ticed homoeopathy as a layman, and owing to' his successful treatment of
some cases during an epidemic period. Dr. Jehial Abbott, a practicing allo-
pathic physician of Westfield, was led to investigate homoeopathic teachings.
Dr. Abbott was born in Tolland, Conn., September 3, 1795, and graduated
from Yale Medical School. It is probable that he commenced to investigate
234 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY '
homoeopathy about 1840. He joined the fraternity in 1845. He passed his
life in Westfield. His death occurred September 23, 1872.
Dr. Charles W. Taylor, the next practitioner in Westfield, was born De-
cember 26, 1820, at Ashburnham, Mass. He graduated from the Western
Homoeopathic College at Qeveland in 1853, ^^^ began practice at Westfield.
He removed to Maiden in 1856, and from there to New.tonville.
Dr. Denton George Woodvine was born at Little Meadley, England,
May 3, 1834. His parents came to America while he was an infant, and
settled in Albany, N. Y. When he was eighteen he went to Springfield, where
he was encouraged by Drs. Swazey and Collins to study medicine. He at-
tended lectures in Philadelphia and received a diploma from the eclectic
college there in 1857. He took the practice of Dr. C. W. Taylor in 1857,
remaining in Westfield until 1866, when he graduated from the University
of Pennsylvania. From this time he practiced in Boston. He died Novem- •
ber 23, 1894. Dr. Frank Mullen located in Westfield in 1866.
In Worcester Dr. Joseph Birnstill was the first homoeopathic practi-
tioner, locating there in 1844. He was born in Rastadt, Baden, Germany,
August 9, 1809. He was educated at the universities of Frieberg and Heid-
elburg, studied medicine at Wurzburg under Schoenlein, and was converted
to homoeopathy by Dr. Greisselich. He left Germany for political reasons
in May, 1833, landed in New York July 10, and soon after went to Dunkirk,
N. Y., at a time when homoeopathy was unknown in Chautauqua county. He
could speak only German, and as no one could understand him he remained
there but eight months, then going to Westfield in the same county. He
gradually acquired a knowledge of English and his practice increased rap-
idly. Two years later he went to Buffalo for a few months, and then re-
turned to Westfield, but when he applied for membership in the Chautauqua
County Medical Society, although he gave ample evidence of having a medi-
cal degree, he was rejected because he was practicing homoeopathy. More-
over, he was liable to prosecution and fine under the medical law of the
time. His poverty and foreign birth, with the ridicule of the physicians,
drove him away. He went to Erie, Pa., in 1839, ^^'^ thence to Massillon,
O., where his health failed. He then went to Worcester in 1844, and prac-
ticed there three years. In 1847 went to Boston, and in 1849 to Newton
Corners, where he built up an extensive practice, and where he died Feb-
ruary 16, 1867, aged fifty-six years. In 1849 ^""^ was one of the editors of
the " Quarterly Homoeopathic Journal."
In 1849 Dr. Joseph K. Clark, who had just graduated from the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, located in Worcester, In 1855 he
went to Elizabethtown, Ohio, and thence to Louisville, Ky.
In 1849 Dr. Lemuel Bliss Nichols settled in Worcester. He was born
in Bradford, N. H., October 6, 1816. He graduated at Brown University
in 1842, taught in the Arnold street grammar school. Providence, R. I., for
several years, studied medicine with Dr. A. H. Okie, a homoeopathic physi-
cian of Providence, and graduated at Philadelphia in 1848 or 1850. He
died September 28, 1883. His son. Dr. Charles L. Nichols, succeeded him
in his practice and is still in Worcester.
In 1854 Rev. Aurin Bugbee located at Worcester. He claimed to have
introduced homoeopathy into Worcester county, having settled at Charlton
as early as 1840. In 1856 he attended medical lectures in Boston, and aftet^
ward went to Warren, Vt., where he died in 1859.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 235
Dr. J. E. Linnell succeeded Dr. Clark. He was a graduate of Amherst
College, and of the medical school at Dartmouth in 1844. While in practice
at East Douglas in 1853 he became interested in and began the practice of
homoeopathy. He went to Worcester in January, 1855, remaining there un-
til 1866, when faiHng health caused him to go to Norwich, Conn. Dr. Will-
iam Baker Chamberlain established himself in Worcester in 1866. He had
previously practiced in Fitchburg, having come from Kenne, N. H. He died
in Worcester.
In 1857 Drs. Jonathan E. Linnell, Lemuel Bliss Nichols and Dr. Rosen-
thal! were in practice at Worcester. In 1875 there were six homoeopathic
physicians in the city; in 1882, 9; 1899, 24.
Dr. Mary G. Baker graduated in 1862, and practiced homoeopathy in
Middleboro until 1868, when she went to Worcester,
Dr. Joseph Birnstill located in Newton in 1849. In 1863 Dr. Edward
P. Scales settled there. He was born in Henniker, N. H., July 17, 1831, studied
with his brother. Dr. Scales of Woburn, and in 1857 attended medical lectures
at Dartmouth. In March, 1859, he graduated from the Cleveland Homoe-
pathic College and began practice at Norwood, where he remained until 1861.
He then practiced at Winchester, and located in 1863 ^^ Newton. He fell
while leaving the library at Newton, and died from the injury at the Newton
Hospital.
In Egremont Dr. H. D. Chapman began the practice of homoeopathy in
1846, remaining until 1856, when he went to Virginia. He was the pioneer
of homoeopathy in Berkshire county. As early as 1840 homoeopathy was
planted in Pittsfield, and found its way within the walls of the Berkshire
Medical College, for many of the students had seen the good effects of the
little doses ; but no regular homoeopathic practitioner settled in Pittsfield un-
til 1847, when Dr. Van Vleck, a graduate of the College of Physicians and
Surgeons of New York, commenced practice there. Dr. Van Vleck remained
until 1851 and then he went to Kinderhook, N. Y. In 1849 Charles Bailey
located in Pittsfield. He was born in East Medway, Mass., September 2,
1 82 1, and was educated at Brown University. He studied medicine with Dr.
Nathaniel Miller, attended lectures at Mason Street College, Boston, also at
the Chelsea Marine Hospital, and in 1843 graduated at Berkshire Medical
College. He began practice in Springfield, remained there four years, then
went to Holyoke for two and a half years, and afterward took a journey to
the south. He stopped at Philadelphia on the way home to attend a course
of lectures at the homoeopathic college, and while there became enthusiastic
on homoeopathy. When he went south he had been in poor health, and he
regained it by homoeopathic treatment. He returned to Pittsfield in 1849-
50 and commenced the practice of homoeopathy. Dr. Harvey Cole, a grad-
uate of Berkshire Medical College, practiced from 1850 to 1868, and then
he went to Hartford, Conn. Dr. Lorenzo Waite, also a Berkshire graduate,
located in Pittsfield in 1857.
In Attleborough Dr. W. W. Hebber was the first settled homoeopathic
physician. He came in 1848 and remained until 1850. Dr. Ira Barrows at
Norton had, however, previously practiced in the town. In 1852 Dr. Edward
Sanford, a graduate of Harvard in that year, settled in Attleborough. In
1854 Dr. James W. Foster located at North Attleborough.
The first homoeopathic physician in Methuen was Dr. Stephen Madison
Gale, who was practicing allopathy there at the time he adopted the new
236 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
system. In 1850 he went to Newburyport. Dr. Arthur J. French practiceil
for a time at A'lethuen. Dr. WilHam H. Lougee also practiced there previous
to i860.
Dr. J. B. Dinsmore introduced homoeopathy in Haverhill and later went
to Brooklyn, N. Y., and thence to San Francisco. He was succeeded by
Dr. Benjamin Edwards Sawyer, who was born at Cape Elizabeth, Me., Aug-
ust II, 181 1. He graduated at Bowdoin Medical School in 1837, and lo-
cated at Boscawen, N. H., where he began to practice allopathy. In 1845
he became convinced of the truth of homoeopathy and adopted it in practice.
At this time he went to. Concord, then the center of an anti-slavery circle.
In 1854 he went to Haverhill, locating there permanently. He died in Octo-
ber, 1879.
In 1853 ^^- ^^^ Eaton Chase, a graduate of Wesleyan University in
1850, of the Berkshire Medical School in 1852, of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania and also the Jefferson Medical College in 1853, lo-
cated at Haverhill. He was born at Newton, N. H., June i, 1831.
Although' the residents of Lawrence had employed homoeopathic treat-
ment previously, it was not until 1849 ^^^t its first practitioner, Dr. Jerome
Harris, settled there. In a letter dated 1870, Dr. Harris himself said: "I
graduated at Bowdoin College, 1830, practiced allopathy till 1845, then
adopted homoeopathy and have practiced it ever since at Lawrence, Mass.,
Dover, N. H., Norwich, Conn., and am now practicing it here at Woon-
socket, R. I."
Dr. Harris left Lawrence, in 1854 to go to Dover as successor to Dr. E.
U. Jones. Dr. A. W. Pike, graduate of Harvard Medical School, came from
Dover, N. H., in 1853, and died in 1859. ^^ 1855 Dr. Charles Henry Farns-
worth, a graduate of New York University in 1847, commenced to practice
homoeopathy. . He remained until 1858 and then went to East Cambridge.
Dr. Arthur J. French, graduate of Vermont Medical College in 1848, went
from Methuen to Lawrence in 1857. I^i 1861 Dr. William Hatch Lougee
settled in Lawrence. He was born at Hanover, N. H.,' February 3, 1832,
studied medicine with Dr. Alpheus Morrill, of Concord, N. H., attended
Dartmouth Medical School in 1855, and graduated from the Homoeopathic
Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1857. He commenced practice in Methuen
in 1857, remaining there five years and going thence to Lawrence. From
1878 to 1880 he was in Europe, engaged in study and travel. He died at
Lawrence, November 18, 1897. Dr. D. Humphrey located there in 1861.
Dr. J. R. Gifford began the practice of homoeopathy in Lee in 185 1, con-
tinuing until his death in March, 1866. Dr. C. W. Stratton settled in Lee
in 1867. In Stockbridge Dr. W. L. R. Perrine commenced practice in 1850,
stayed two years and then went to Hudson, N. Y.
Dr. H. C. Champlin, a graduate of Albany iNIedical College, began the
practice of homoeopathy in Otis, Berkshire county, in 1851. In Dedham, al-
though Dr. Gregg had been called into that town before any homoeopathic
physician was settled there, it was in 1853 that Dr. Joseph D. Paine, the first
one, located there for practice. He remained ten years and then went to
Roxbury.
Dr. J. E. Linnell located at East Douglass in 1854. He went the next
year to Worcester, and was followed in East Douglass by Dr. H. H. Darling.
About 1855 T^''- Bennett, of Uxbridge, ado])te(l homoeopathy.
The first hcmcTeopathic ])hysician to settle in Micldleliorough was Dr. E.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOI'ATHY
23
C. Knight, \vhi) began practice there about 1853. and after iour years went
to Illinois. Dr. J. C. Baker succeeded Dr. Knight and practiced in Uxbridge
until his death in 1865. In Fitchburg homceo])athy had been introduced pre-
vious to 1855, but it was not until that year that the first homoeopathist, Dr.
James Chester Freeland. located there. He was the son of Dr. J. C. Free-
land, born in Becket, Mass., June 21, 1831. He studied with his father, at-
tended lectures at Pittsficld, and graduated at Western Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Cleveland in 1862. In 1855 ^''^ went with his father's family
to Fitchburg, where, with the exception of a year ' with Dr. Chamberlain
in Keene, N. H.. he practiced until his death, April 23, 1871;
Dr. Daniel Brainard W'hittier was born in Gofifstown, N. H., October
21, 1834. He studied medicine with his brother-in-law, Dr. W. B. Cham-
berlain of Keene, attended lectures at Harvard Medical College in 1859-60,
and graduated at New York Homoeopathic Medical College in March, 1863.
In 1 86 1 he went to Fitchburg to assist Dr. Freeland. After graduation he
returned and practiced there until his death, April 16, 1895.
Dr. Oliver Leech Bradford settled in Fitchburg in 1877, having come
there from Andover. He was a native of Francestown, N. H., born No-
vember 5, 1832. Dr. C. A. Brooks graduated from the Homoeopathic Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania in 1857 s"<^ went to Clinton. Dr. H. A. Van
Deusen commenced practicing homoeopathy in Great Barrington in 1858.
Dr. William Babbitt, a graduate of the University of New York in 1859,
began the practice of homoeopathy in Braintree in i860, but went to the
war and was promoted surgeon of 103d U. S. Inf. After his return he set-
tled in Randolph. Dr. John Howard Sherman located in Nantucket in 1857.
He was a graduate of the Castleton Medical College, Vermont, in 1857. tie
remained in Nantucket four years, then went to San Francisco, remaining
four years, and practiced at Middleboro, Mass., for four and a half years.
In May, 1870, he settled in Lynn.
Homoeopathic physicians in Massachusetts previous to i860. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character '■' indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
BOSTOX.
1856
Barker, Lemuel M.
1857
1857
Birnstill. D. F. x
1856
1844
Birnstill, Joseph
1829
1858
Bnshnel], William x
I8s2
1839
Capen, Robert *
1842
1853
Cross, William Plumer *
i860
1840
Clark, Luther *
1847
1858
Cullis, Charles
1856
1840
Cutler, William W.
1857
1857
Dennett, George William
1846
1838
Flagg, Josiah Foster
1853
I84I
Fuller, Milton *
1840
18^2
Geist, Christian F. *
1840
1838
Gregg, Samuel *
1848
1857
Gove, H. X
1840
1844
Hale, Eben
1858
Hall, L. X
Hernisz, Stanislaus x
Hoffendahl, Charles Frederick
Hoffendahl, Herman L. H.
Ingalls, William, Sr. *
Krebs, Francis Hugo
Martin, Joseph Lloj'd
Macfarland, Lafavette
Newell, R. W. x'
Osgood, David *
Palmer, Frederick Niles
Pease, Giles
Russell, George *
Sanders, Orrin S. *
Sandicky, D. F.
Sherman, John Howard
238
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
1853 Talbot, Israel Tisdale
1843 Tarbell. John Adams *
1845 Thayer, David *
1855 Weeks, Benjamin x
1835 Wesselhoeft, William *
1857 Wesselhoeft, William Palmer
1840 Wesselhoeft, Robert
1856 Wesselhoeft, Conrad
1857 West, Benjamin H. x
1855 Woodbury, John Harvey
MASSACHUSETTS.
1840 Abbott, Jehiel * Westfield 1839
1840 Alden, Samuel * Bridgewater 1857
1850 Adams, Charles F. Waltham 1854
1857 Allen, E. C. x South Hadley 1852
1853 Angell. Henry C. Lynn. 1855
1859 Babbitt, Warren M. Randolph 1848
1846 Baker, George * Chelsea 1857
1856 Baker, Joseph C. Middleboro 1841
1848 Bailey, Charles * Pittsfield i860
1857 Bailey, L. x Pittsfield 1849
1845 Barrows, George Taunton 1849
1842 Barrows, Ira * Norton 1840
i860 Berry, Milton * Andover 1843
1847 Bell, Henry W. * x Nantucket 1832
1858 Bellows, Albert J. Roxbury 1851
1844 Birustill, Joseph Newton Center 1846
1845 Bianchini, Dr. Newburyport 1838
1852 Blaisdell, John M. Lynn 1848
1857 Blake, J. x Wrentham 1857
1857 Blanding, A. O. x Rehoboth 1850
1859 Bowen, Eleazer * hynn 1856
1857 Briggs, D. H. x Abington 1849
1857 Brooks, Charles A. Clinton 1853
1852 Brown, Josiah * Lynn ■ 1856
1857 Brown, S. O. x Ware 1866
1840 Bugbee, Aurin (Rev.) Charlton 1848
1854 Burpee, John A. Maiden 1853
1854 Cate, H. J. Northampton 1845
1845 Cate, Shadrach M. Lynn 1855
1839 Capen, Robert * Plymouth 1857
1846 Chase, Hiram L. Cambridge 1850
1853 Chase, Ira E. Haverhill 1842
1846 Chapman, H. D. Egremont 1839
.... Chisholm, W. R. Greenfield 1849
1849 Clark, Joseph K. Worcester 1857
1854 Clarke, John Lewis Fall River 1848
1852 Clarke, Henry B. New Bedford 1856
1840 Clarke, Frances H. * Andover 1854
1846 Colby, Isaac * Salem 1857
1850 Collins, Henry A. Springfield 1852
1850 Cole, Harvey Pittsfield
1853 Cross, William P. * Nantucket 1S51
1856 Cushing, Alvin M. Lynn 1853
1844 Cummings, James M. * Groton 1857
1859 Cummings, E. P. x Newburyport 1845
1846 De Gersdorfif, Ernst B. * Andover
1857 Darling. H. H. x Charlton 1858
1844 Davis, Rev. Dr. Westfield 1857
1843 Dean, Amos Easton 1847
1853 Dinsmore. J. Pitman Haverhill 1850
1850 Eastman, E. P. * Lynn ....
1855 Farnswnrlh, Charles H. * Lawrence 1852
1857 Fiske, J. X Fall River 1857
1845 Fiske, Isaac Fall River 1857
Floto, John Henry Salem
Ford, C. X Hyannis
Foster, J. W. North Attleborough
Freeland, Chester J. Fitchburg
Freeland, J. C. Fitchburg
French, A. J. Methuen
Fritchie, C. F. x Dorchester
Fuller, Milton * Medford
Gale, Josiah B. * Salisbury
Gale, Stephen M. * Newburyport
Gale, Amory *' East Medway
Gallup, William * Concord
Gardiner, William A. Salem
Geist, Christian F. Lowell
Gifford, J. B. Lee
Graves, Samuel W. Springfield
Gregg, Samuel * Medford
■ Hannam, D. B. * Beverly
Harman, D. B. x Danvers
Harris, Charles W. * Taunton
Harris, Handy x Taunton
Harris, Jerome * Lawrence
Harris, John T. Taunton
Hatch, Horace x Brookline
Hayward, Joseph W. * Taunton
Hebberd, W. W. Attleborough
Hedenberg, James Medford
Holt. Daniel * Lowell
Horton, Freeman * Lynn
Houatt, J. X Andover
Howarth, J
Ingalls, William * Worcester
Jackson, Mercy B. Plymouth
Jackson, William F. Roxbury
Jenks, C. F. E. x Wareham
Johnson, Daniel A. * Lynn
Johnson. O. O. x Sudbury
Jones, Elisha Utley Taunton
King, A. X Palmer
Knight, Elam Clark * Middle-
borough
Lindsay, Albert Roxbury
Linnell, Jonathan E. * Worcester
Lougee, William Hatch Lawrence
Matthes, Gustavus F. * New Bed-
ford
Morrill, Ezekiel x
Morse, E. E. x Medway Village
Neilson, James C. Charlestown
Nichols. Lemuel Bliss Worcester
Nute,' T. R. Roxbury
Paine, Joseph P. Dedham
Parker, Daniel x Billcrica
Parker, Hiram x Lowell
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
280
1840 Pease, Giles Cambridge 1842
1857 Penniman, J. A. Brookfield 1840
1850 Perrine, W. L. R. Stockbridge 1853
1857 Perry, W. F. x Mansfield 1856
1857 Pierce, Dr. x Chicopee 1847
1844 Pike, A. J. Lowell 1857
1857 Porter, I. x Charlton 1847
1857 Roberts, J. x Northampton 1854
1853 Roberts, Osmore O. Northampton 1855
1837 Roche, Manning New Bedford 1837
1847 Rounds, Benjamin M. * Norton 1857
1857 Rosenthal, Gustavus M. x Worces- 1853
ter 1855
1840 Russell, George * Waltham 1857
1855 Saunders, Charles F. Waltham 1840
1852 Sanford, Edward East Attleborough 1839
1857 Sanford, Enoch W. Brookline 1856
1845 Sawyer, Benjamin E. * Haverhill 1840
1848 Scales, Thomas S. Woburn 1857
1859 Scales, Edward P. Newton 1850
1844 Schlegel 1839
1845 Shackford, Rufus Lowell 1856
1857 Shepardson, N. x Adams 1857
1854 Sisson, Edward R. New Bedford 1858
1857 Spencer, Charles L. x New Bedford 1852
1839 Spooner, John P. * Dorchester 181^7
1857 Steen, A. L. x Foxborough 1857
1855 Stone, Alfred B. Medford
Swazey, George W. * Newburyport
Swan, Daniel * Medford
Taylor, Charles W. Westfield
Tomlinson, Rev. Plymouth
Train, Horace D. Roxbury
Van Deusen, H. A. x Egremont
Van Vleck, Dr. Pittsfield
Waite, Lorenzo Pittsfield
Wales, Thomas B. x Waltham
Walker, Charles * Northampton
Walker, Charles, Jr. x Lowell
Walker, Charles H. Chelsea
Walter, Joseph S. Gloucester
Walter, J. B. x Salem
Washburn, Nahum * Bridgewater
Weld, C. M. * Jamaica Plain
West. Benjamin H. x Neponsit
Wesselhoeft, Robert Cambridge
Whitney, J. x Princeton
Wilder, Daniel New Bedford
Wild, Charles * Brookline
Wild, Edward A. x Brookline
Wilson, G. H. x Conway
Willis, L. Murray x Charlestown
Wood, John Gage Salem
Woodbury, Elwell x Medford
Woodvine, Denton G. Westfield
240 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
CHAPTER XIV
HOMOEOPATHY IN NEW JERSEY.
By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Occupation of New Jersey by Homoeopaths from New York on the North and Philadel-
phia on the West — The First Practitioners Converts from the Allopathic Ranks —
Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward the Pioneer — Early Society Organization — Pioneers rf
Homoeopathy in the Several Counties of New Jersey — Reminiscences of Prominent
Early Practitioners.
In the early outspreading of homoeopathy from the centers in which the
new system first foimd an abiding place in America, it is not surprising that
New Jersey caught the spirit of the doctrine before many of the more popu-
lous states both of the east and the west. On the north and east lay New
York with its great metropolis separated from New Jersey only by the Hud-
son river; on the west the great commonwealth of Pennsylvania, with the
metropolitan city of' Philadelphia distant from her borders only by the width
of the Delaware ; and these great cities at the time of which we write were
the chief centers of homoeopathy in America and perhaps of the world.
Tradition has it that the seed of homoeopathy was sown in fertile New Jer-
sey soil in the year 1838, and while Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward is generally con-
ceded to have been the pioneer of the new school within the bounds of the
state, lie is not traced to the field of practice there earlier than 1839, but Her-
ing is credited with having published " The Family Adviser " in Camden,
opposite Philadelphia, in 1838; and if Hering did that work in that city at
the time indicated, the mference is fair that he also preached and practiced
among the Camden people the doctrines in which he was so intensely inter-
ested.
However this may have been, there is no question that homoeopathy
found lodgement in New Jersey in 1839 or 1840, when Ward became its exem-
plar in the interior town of Bloomficld, having acquired his understanding of
the new healing art through the agency of those old master spirits of homoe-
opath)^— Ball, Gray and Hull, of New York city. The germ soon grew into
active organism, and within the next half score of years the work of these
teachers, with the assistance of another equally interested coterie in Phila-
delphia, found results in the achievements of more than a dozen zealous prac-
titioners in the state. In 1846 the strength of the profession was such that
its representatives organized a branch of the American Institute of Ilomoe-
opathy, and in 1854 the New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society was
brought into existence. These were followed by district, county and munici-
pal societies and clubs until the state was well provided with organizations
of the kind, each of which has served a useful purpose in advancing the wel-
fare of the school whose disciples the members have been. Statistics show
that in 1857 there were forty-six homoeopathic physicians in the state; in.
1870, 196; 1880, 200; 1899. 347; and in 1904, 333.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 241
THE NEW JERSEY STATE HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The first homoeopathic society in New Jersey was the New Jersey Branch
of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, which was organized at Mount
Holly, July 20, 1846. On that occasion Dr. J. Richardson Andrews was
chairman ; M. J. Rhees, secretary ; Drs. John A. Paine and J. C. Boardman,
censors. The next meeting was held November 26, 1846, when only Drs.
Boardman, Paine and Rhees were present. The constitution and by-laws were
published and promulgated in 1846, and the society was in existence in 1850,
but was decadent and not recognized as a legally organized body under the
laws then in force. Under the then existing statutes any person practicing
medicine in the state who had not the diploma of an allopathic college, or who
had not been licensed by an authorized medical society was deemed to be
practicing unlawfully and liable to a fine of $25 for each prescription, one-
half of said fine to go to the prosecutor; but in 1854 this obnoxious and un-
just law was repealed, and thereafter homoeopathy had legal rights in the
state.
At a meeting held in Trenton, February 13, 1855, a state homoeopathic
medical society was organized, with officers as follows : Dr. Thomas Lafon
of Newark, president; Drs. William A. Durrie of Jersey City, J. R. Andrews
of Camden and J. C. Boardman of Trenton, vice-presidents ; Dr. J. B. Pether-
bridge of Trenton, recording secretary ; Dr. J. J. Youlin of Jersey City, pro-
visional secretary ; Dr. J. B. Scott of New Brunswick, corresponding secre-
tary ; Dr. P. E. Vastine of Trenton, treasurer ; Drs. J. D. Annin, J. D. Moore,
R. M. Wilkinson, J. S. Bassett and R. Titsworth, censors. The society con-
tinued to hold meetings until 1858, after which there is no record of any
such, though probably the members held informal gatherings. On February
4, 1868, a reorganization meeting was held in Jersey City, and on April 15
following the old society was revived, with Dr. Youlin president and Dr.
Tompkins secretary. This society was incorporated February 9, 1870, under
the name of New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society, by which it
has since been known. It holds semi-annual meetings in May and October
in different places in the state; membership, 230. The society celebrated its
semi-centennial anniversary at Deal Beach, June 3-4, 1903.
The Western District New Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society was
organized in Camden, May 19, 1869, at which time also a constitution was
adopted and officers elected, as follows: Dr. D. R. Gardiner of Woodbury,
president ; Dr. R. M. Wilkinson of Trenton, vice-president ; Dr. Wallace
McGeorge of Hightstown, secretary; Dr. J. G. Streets of Bridgton, treasurer;
Drs. W. H. Maline, H. F. Hunt and Isaac Cooper, censors. In November,
1869. the name of the society was changed to West Jersey Homoeopathic
Medical Society, and under that name was incorporated in May, 1872. It
has since maintained an active and healthful existence and meets regularly
in Camden. Its membership numbers about seventy-five physicians.
Among the other, homoeopathic societies with which the state is well pro-
vided, for our school of medicine always has been strong in New Jersey, there
may be mentioned the Homoeopathic Medical Society of Camden, organized
in 1878; the Communipaw Medical Society, organized in 1886; the Eastern
District Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized February 6, 1868; the
Essex County Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized in 1885 ; the Hahne-
mann Medical Club of Plainfield, organized in 1885 and dissolved in 1889;
242 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
the Hudson County Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized -March 8, 1871 ;
Hudson Homoeopathic Medico-Chirurgical Society, December 8, 1886; Medi-
cal Club of Northern New Jersey, 1882 ; Newark Homoeopathic Medical Un-
ion, 1871-1885; Newark, Union and Hudson Counties Homoeopathic Medical
Society; New Jersey Medical Club, March 29, 1869; Trenton Club of Homoe-
opathic Physicians, 1888.
The West Jersey Homoeopathic Hospital, which had. its beginning in
1892, was the outgrowth of the Camden Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispen-
sary Association, organized and incorporated February 5, 1885, and opened
for patients March 2 following. On March 22, 1888, the institution was re-
moved from its original quarters to a new location on West and Stevens
streets. This building was purchased for $8,000, and was provided with pub-
lic and private wards, operating room. etc. For a time considerable interest
was taken by the profession in the welfare of the hospital, but later on there
seemed to be a decline, and in December, 1890, the doors were closed, the
dispensary, however, remaining in operation and receiving muncipal aid. In
April, 1 891, the building was sold, passing into the ownership of the West
Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, by whom the hospital department was
re-opened in 1892. It is a good institution, contains forty beds, and is sup-
ported largely by voluntary contributions.
The William McKinley Memorial Hospital of Trenton, one of the most
worthy charities of that city, formerly imder strict homoeopathic direction
but now open to physicians of both schools, is the outgrowth of the still
older Trenton Homoeopathic Hospital, the latter dating its history from its
dedication, June 6, 1889, and its formal opening, November i following. The
older institution and its training school for nurses were maintained until
1902, and then re-incorporated under the name of The William McKinley
Memorial Hospital. The hospital has seventy-five beds ; value of property,
$75,000.
St. Mary's Homoeopathic Hospital in Passaic was incorporated in 1895
and opened for patients during the same year, and then was an allopathic
institution, su])ported by voluntary contributions. Its medical supervision
passed under homoeopathic control in 1899.
The Passaic Homoeopathic Hospital was opened October 27, 1897. The
first staff of physicians and surgeons was chosen from the ranks of the allo-
pathic profession, but in 1898 this regulation was modified.
The Homoeopathic Hospital of Essex county, in Roseville, was incor-
porated in 1903 by the Homoeopathic Hospital Association. It was opened
for patients, March 28, 1903.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Isaac Moreau Ward was the first resident practitioner of homoe-
opathy in the state. He became interested in the new system in 1839 or 1840.
He was born in Bloomfield, N. J., October 23, 1806, graduated from Yale
College in 1825, studied medicine with Dr. Hosack and graduated from Rut-
ger's College in 1829. He located in Newark and soon established a large
practice. In 1832 when the cholera appeared in New York he was chosen
bv the state and county societies to investigate the character of the plague and
note the comparative effects of different remedial agents. He saw homoe-
opathv and allopathy tried side by side in the Park Hospital, and the superior
advantages of homoeopathy there demonstrated. Then he met Dr. Alonzo
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 2VA
S. Ball of New York at a religious meeting in Newark, and invited him
to dinner, and the conversation turning on homoeopathy, he learned that Ball
had adopted its practice and obtained from him a few remedies with, which
to experiment in certain cases. Without mentioning to his patients that he
had made any change in his school of medicine, his success was so great with
the homoeopathic remedies that he adopted them and began the practice of
homceopathy. In 1841 he was induced to go to Albany, N. Y., by Drs. Gray,
Hull and Ball. He practiced there until 1849, when on account of his health
he retired to a home near Newark, giving his time to horticulture. After
several years he again began practice. From 1853 to i860 he held chairs
in the Homoeopathic IMedical College of Pennsylvania. In i860 he became
(icni-ge W. Richards, M. D.
one of the founders of the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, and
for a time was its dean and professor of obstetrics. He then retired to his
country home at Lyons farm, where he practiced only among friends and
neighbors until his death, which occurred March 24, 1895.
Another of the early practitioners of Newark was Dr. Jonathan Dicken-
son Annin. He was born at Liberty Corner, N. J., November 26, 1806. He
attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York,
but the date of his graduation is not known. He commenced practice at Irv-
ington, N. J., and afterward removed to Newark. In 1840 he married Eleanor
Mead. Some time after 1840 he began to question the superiority of the
allopathic practice, and after experimenting began to regularly practice homoe-
opathy. He became a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in
244 HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY
1846. The last few years of his life were marked by extreme weakness and
debility. He died at the Sheldon house, Ocean Grove, September 26, 1883.
Dr. Thomas Lafon was practicing homoeopathy in Newark in 1847. He
was born in Chesterfield county, Va., in 1802. In 1805 he entered the medi-
cal department of Transylvania University, graduating therefrom. Two
years later he became interested in the American Board of Foreign Missions,
and volunteered to go as medical missionary to the Sandwich islands. For
seven years he labored there both as doctor and spiritual teacher. At the
end of that time the ill health of his wife, and the condition of his eyes, com-
pelled his return to the United States. After a few months of rest he at-
tended a course of lectures in the Philadelphia Medical College. In 1846 he
opened an office in Paterson, N. J., and while there began to investigate the
claims of homoeopathy. He soon became satisfied * of its truth and openly
avowed and adopted.it. Dr. Lafon introduced homoeopathy into Passaic
county. In 1847 ^""^ removed to Newark where, despite most bitter opposi-
tion by the allopathic society, he built up a large practice. Suddenly, while
at the bedside of a patient, he was stricken with apoplexy and died on March
20, 1876. In 1857 Drs. J. D. Annin, T. Lafon, I. M. Ward, C. H. Liebold
and J. B. Scott were practicing in Newark. In 1875 there were 29 homoe-
opathy practitioners there; in 1880, 25; in 1899, 33.
Dr. George W. Richards opened an office in Orange about i860. Dr.
E. Caspari was in practice there as early as 1857. Dr. Richards graduated
from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York in 1853, spent
some time abroad, and on his return located in New York city. After a few
years he went to Newark, where he became a partner with Dr. Lafon and
opened an office in Orange, establishing the first homoeopathic dispensary in
the state. A year later the partnership v.'as dissolved and he went to Orange
to live. He died May 2, 1893.
Homoeopathy was introduced into Burlington county in 1840 by Dr. R.
S. Middleton, who located at Burlington city. He remained there until 1855
when he went to Philadelphia. He joined the American Institute of Homce-
pathy in 1847. ^^- Humphrey went from Philadelphia to Burlington after
he had retired from practice and he exercised an influence favorable to homoe-
opathy. He afterward went to Beverly, where he died. In 1857 Drs. John
D. Moore and Edward M. Smith were in practice in Burlington. Dr. Moore
was born in Philadelphia, March 7, 1802. He studied medicine with Dr.
James McClintock, attended a course of lectures at *the Jefferson Medical
College, and two courses at the Pennsylvania College, where he graduated
in 1847. ^" 1849 l''c became interested in homoeopathy. He practiced for
several years in Newtown, Pa., but about 1853 located in Burlington, where
he died September 20, 1867. One who knew him said he was a man who
would weigh upwards of two hundred. The boys called him "Powwow
Moore " on account of his devotion to homoeopathy. When he was taken
with his last illness Dr. Gant, an allopathic physician, called and asked
his wife if he might see him. Dr. Moore sent word that the doctor could visit
him as a friend but not as a physician. Dr. Gant said he had come as a
physician and urged to be allowed to prescribe for him, saying that he would
die if he continued to take homoeopathic medicine. Dr. Moore would not
see him and Dr. Gant afterward said that he died because he would not give
up homoeopathy.
Dr. Alexander Kirkpatrick afterward practiced in Burlington. In 1875
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 245
Drs. Charles R. Cloud and Alexander Kirkpatrick wer6 in that city, and from
1880 to 1899 Drs. J. P. Shreve and Eugene F. Rink practiced there.
Dr. Morgan John Rhees introduced homoeopathy into Mount Holly in
1846. He was born in Philadelphia, July 15, 1824.. His parents had become
converted to homoeopathy about 1834 under the treatment of Dr. George H.
Bute. Young Rhees, in deference to his mother's wishes, decided to become
a physician, and during the winter of 1842-43 studied the German language.
In April, 1843, he went to Nazareth, the home of Bute, and entered his of-
fice as a student of homoeopathy. He read the works of Hahnemann in the
German during the summer, in the fall he entered Jefferson Medical College
of Philadelphia, where he graduated in 1846. In April he began the prac-
tice of homoeopathy in Mount Holly. In June of the same year he went to
the meeting of the American Institute of Homoeopathy in Philadelphia, be-
coming a member. On his return home he issued invitations to the homoeopathic
physicians in New Jersey, and as a result the New Jersey branch of the insti-
tute was formed. Drs. Middleton of Burlington, Andrews of Camden and
Boardman of Trenton met in Dr. Rhees' office and adopted a constitution
and by-laws and elected officers. Dr. Rhees was chosen secretary, and also
delegate to the 1847 meeting of the institute. In 1849, although he had built
up a large practice in Mount Holly, he was seized with the gold fever and
went to California, via Cape Horn. After a varied experience of six years
he returned to Mount Holly, and in October, 1855, resumed professional
work. In April, 1868, he sold his practice and retired to a farm where in
sixteen months he lost his property and w^as again compelled to return to his
profession. In November, 1869, he went to Hollidaysburg, Pa. During his
residence in California, he practiced medicine at times and was physician to
a homoeopathic hospital. In 1853 he married Charlotte L. Head, formerly
of Boston, Mass. He also became a member of the central bureau of the
institute. In 1873 ^e went to Newtonville, Mass., and five years later re-
moved to Wheeling, West Va., where he died, March 26, 1899.
Another pioneer w^as Dr. Walter Ward, who settled in Mount Holly in
1849. He was born in Keene, N. H., January 7, 1816. He was educated at
Ipswich Academy, and began the study of medicine with Dr. William Gal-
lup of that place. He also spent a year in the office of Drs. Smith and Batch-
eller of Massachusetts. He attended medical lectures at Woodstock, Vt., and
then at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, where he graduated in
1840. Having heard much of the new system of homoeopathy and having
witnessed some remarkable cures, he decided to investigate it for himself.
He therefore placed himself under the guidance of Dr. Jeanes of Philadelphia,
and was soon led to adopt the new system. He joined the institute in 1846.
While Dr. Ward was located in Philadelphia he became professor of physiol-
ogy at the first session of the newly established Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania, and signed the diplomas of the first class. He mar-
ried Sarah Groves of Philadelphia. He remained in Mount Holly until his
death. March 29, 1888.
Drs. Rhees and Ward were the only homoeopathic practitioners in Mount
Holly until i860. Drs. E. K. Bancroft and Walter Ward were there from
1875 to 1880. Dr. Bancroft was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1865. In 1886 Drs. Samuel Caley and Willett
W. Whitehead, and in 1899 Drs. John W. Branin, Samuel Carey, Oscar L.
246
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Grumbrecht, W. W. \\'hitehead and George U. Van Derveer were in practice
in Mt. Holly.
Dr. Ross M. Wilkinson located at Bordentown about 1856. He became
a member of the institute in 1853. Dr. David E. Gardiner located at Borden-
town about 1859. He was the grandson of Dr. William Gardiner and the
nephew of Dr. Richard Gardiner, with the latter of whom he studied medi-
cine. He graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania in 1857, ^^'^^^ settled in Manayunk, removing in 1858 to Bordentown,
where he practiced twenty-one years. He then returned to Philadelphia,
where he remained until his death, July 10, 1890. Dr. Rufus Sargent com-
menced the practice of homoeopathy in Bordentown in 1852, remained there
Daniel R. Gardiner, M. D.
until 1857 and then went to Philadelphia. Dr. Levi D. Tebo graduated from
the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1873, and settled at Bor-
dentown. In 1886 he was the only homoeopathist there. Dr. Edward E.
French settled there in 1888, having graduated in 1887 from Hahnemann
Medical College of Philadelphia.
Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner located at Moorcstown about 1855. He was
born in Pottsville, Pa., October 21, 1828, and completed an academic course
in Hamilton College, New York state ; commenced the study of medicine in
1846; attended two courses at Jefferson Medical College, and graduated at
Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1849. He practiced for
some time in Philadelphia, removing thence to Moorestown in 1855, where
he was the pioneer of homoeopathy. After a few years he went to Smyrna,
Del., where again he introduced homoeopathy. From there he went to Wood-
HISTORY OF HOMQ'IOi'ATiiY • 247
bury in 1S62. In 1871, on account of failing health, he sold his practice to
Dr. Wallace McGeorge, and in November went to Pottsville, Pa. In 1875
he returned to Woodbury and associated with Dr. McGeorge. Dr. Gardiner
died at Woodbury, June 30, 1889.
Dr. George Bolton L. Clay took Dr. Gardiner's place at Moorestown in
1858. He was a graduate in 1853 of the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania, but previously practiced in Manayunk, Pa. He remained in
Moorestown until his death in 1898. Dr. Pusey Wilson, a native of Dela-
ware and a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania
in 1862, located in Moorestown previous to 1866, and practiced there until
his death, ]\Iay 20, 1900. Dr. Alfred Matson also practiced at Moorestown.
Bowman H. Shivers, M. D.
Dr. Bowman Henry Shivers settled in Marlton in 1858. He was born
at Haddonfield, July 6, 1836. He studied allopathic medicine for two years
when, becoming convinced of the truth of homoeopathy, he commenced its
study with Dr. Julius Holterholf, in Marlton. After attending four courses
at the Pennsylvania Medical University, he graduated in April, 1858. He
then went to Marlton, taking the practice of Dr. Holterholf, who removed
to Morristown. In 1862 ill health caused him to remove to Philadelphia, but
in a few months be resumed practice in Marlton, where he remained until
August, 1864, when he went to Haddonfield. Dr. E. V. Sharp also prac-
ticed at ]\Iarlton.
In 1870 Dr. Thomas Peacock settled in Medford, but in a year or two
went to Philadelphia where he has since practiced. He is a graduate of the
Homoeopathic College of Pennsylvania, class of 1868. Dr. Wilson succeeded
248 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
him in Medford, and Dr. George U. Van Derveer located there about 1874,
after graduating from Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia in 1873.
Dr. Coy practiced in Pemberton, and Drs. J. G. L. Whitehead and Joseph
A. Moke at Crosswicks. Dr. James V. Roberts and Dr. Joseph J. Curry are
at Beverly ; Dr. N. T. Chaffee at Chesterfield ; Dr. Geo. W. H. and Dr. Laura
A. Calver at Columbus, and Dr. Harry K. Weller at Delancq Dr. White-
head wasa Philadelphian. He died at Crosswicks, June 30, 1901.
In 1875 there were but 14 homoeopathists in Burlington county; in 1899,
26.
In Passaic county homoeopathy gained a foothold before 1840 through
the visits of physicians from New York. After 1840 Dr. Stephen R. Kirby
of New York established a regular practice in this county, giving to it a cer-
tain part of his time. The first resident physician was Dr. Thomas Lafon,
who was for a time in Paterson. In 1845 Dr. Joseph B. Petherbridge lo-
cated at Paterson. His name appears in the list of members for 1848 as si ill
, at Paterson. In 1850 his letters to the institute from the New Jersey branch
are dated from Trenton, in which city he took up his residence in 1851.
In 1848 Dr. R. G. Belt, froni Woonsocket, R. I., located in Paterson and
remained there until 1852, when he went to Milford, Mass. In 1854 his
address was Woonsocket. He was succeeded in Paterson by Dr. John S.
Bassett, who remained until 1861, when he went to New York. Since 1861
Drs. E. Nott, McPherson, Porter S. Kinne, Theodore Y. Kinne and David
Neer have practiced there. In 1857 there was but one homoeopathic physi-
cian in Paterson ; in 1899 there were eleven.
In 1875 Dr. Jacob R. Gedney was at Little Falls, and Drs. John Not-
tingham and Norton C. Ricardo at Passaic. In 1899 there were at Passaic
Drs. Charles A. Church, Edwin De Baun, Alfred C. Pedrick and Norton
C. Ricardo.
Camden county was visited by the homoeopathic physicians of Philadel-
phia as early as 1838. The first resident physician, however, was Dr. John
R. Andrews, who began practice there in 1841. He was an allopathic grad-
uate, and was well supported by his friends, but after two years he went to
Wilmington, Delaware. He remained there a short time and was induced
by his patrons in Camden to return. His practice grew rapidly and he con-
tmued there until his death, February 19, 1864, at the age of forty-six years.
He joined the institute in 1846.
Dr. Henry Francis Hunt succeeded Dr. Andrews. He was born in
Cranston, R. I., March 28, 1838. He commenced the study of medicine with
Dr. Howell, an allopathic physician at Aurora, Ills., where he (Hunt) was
engaged in teaching. Fie remained there two years, then returned east and
took two courses of lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New
York. While he was with Dr. Howell he had seen in a severe epidemic of
diphtheria the successful results of homoeopathic treatment, and he resolved
to investigate its methods. He entered the office of Dr. Okie in Providence,
and attended two courses of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical College
of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1864. Dr. ITunt at once took the
place in Camden made vacant by the death of Dr. Andrews. He was an
influential practitioner there until liis death, which occurred while he was
visiting Providence, October 3, 1895. He joined the institute in 1867.
In 1857 Drs. J. R. Andrews, S. Carels and G. S. F. Pfeiffer were prac-
ticing homoeopathy in Camden. In 1875 Drs. Purnell W. Andrews, James
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 249
H. Austin, Thomas R. BlackwcMDd, J. K. Bryant, Samuel Cards, C. J. Cooper,
Wm. H. Crow, Henry F. Hunt, Melbourne F. Middleton, Geo. S. F. Pfeitter,
Silas H. Quint and H. K. Stewart were in practice there.
Dr. Samuel Carels was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College of
Philadelphia in 1838, and of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsyl-
vania in 1855. The name Carles is given in Smith's " Homoeopathic Direct-
ory " (1857) and in Godfrey's "History of the Medical Profession in Cam-
den County," but in the catalogue of graduates of Jefiferson Medical College
and also in that of the Homceopathic Medical College, the name is Carels.
Dr. George S. F. Pfeiffer was a native of Wurms, Germany, born in
1806, and came to America in 1833. While a student at Strasburg he en-
tered the Holland navy as medical cadet. In 1825 while cruising off the
coast of Algiers, he with a number of shipmates made an inland trip and was
captured by Bedouins, and retained a prisoner until 1830, when the French
captured Algiers. He then entered the French army, remaining six months,
when he was permitted to return to Germany to complete his medical studies.
In 1833 he came to America, and in 1854 located in Camden. In 1856 he
graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania and soon
afterward accepted the chair of theory and practice in Penn Medical Uni-
versity of Philadelphia, which he retained until 1864, when he became as-
sistant surgeon of the i86th regiment, Pennsylvania volunteers. He was
mustered out of service in 1865 and returned to Camden. He was con-
versant with eight languages. He died in November, 1883.
Dr. Thomas R. Blackwood was born in Moorestown, July 30, 1835.
He graduated from Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1870,
practiced for one summer in Atlantic City, and then located in Camden, con-
tinuing there until his death, July 30, 1895.
Dr. John Hayden Austin was born in Trenton, July 24, 1842, gradu-
ated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1864, and served as assistant
surgeon in U. S. navy under Farragut. While in Philadelphia in the sum-
mer of 1865, ^^^ became an interested witness of the success of the homoe-
opathic treatment of typhoid fever. Entering practice soon after in New
Jersey, he sought every means to practically test the truth of the system
until he was compelled to adopt it as the true method of practice. In 1868
he located in Camden.
Dr. B. W. Blackwood, of Haddonfield, an allopathic physician, em-
braced homoeopathy in 1855 and practiced it until his death in 1866. Dr. B.
H. Shivers located in Haddonfield in 1864.
In Berlin Drs. S. Shivers and S. H. Johnston were in practice in i87'5,
and Dr. Richard Gardiner, Jr., at Gloucester. Drs. Wm. L. Delap and
Seaver C. Ross were at Gloucester in 1899, and Dr. Edgar B. Sharp was then
at Berlin. Dr. Joseph Shreve settled in Berlin in 1866 and afterward lo-
cated at Haddonfield. He also practiced at Burlington.
The pioneer of homoeopathy in Mercer county was Dr. Joseph Canfield
Boardman, who introduced it into Trenton in 1845. Dr. Boardman was born
in Wethersfield, Conn., May 4, 1813. He graduated at Westfield Academy,
Westfield, Mass., and afterward devoted several years to teaching in Penn-
sylvania. He studied medicine with Dr. Neff at Lancaster, attended lec-
tures at the Pennsylvania Medical College, and later at the University of
Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1844. The next year he located in
Trenton. He was one of the organizers of the American Institute of Homoe-
250
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATH^
opathy in 1844, ^^^ was active at the second meeting in New York, in 1845.
It is said that he was in practice in New York when the institute was
founded, which was previous to his advent in Trenton. He remained in
that city with the exception of short intervals of practice in Brooklyn, Balti-
more and New York, until his death, July 26, 1896.
Dr. Charles Gottleib Raue, after graduating from the Philadelphia Col-
lege of Medicine in 1852, commenced practice in Trenton, 'where he remained
until 1858. Dr. Boardman was ill at the time and unable to practice and
Dr. Raue attended to his business and also that of another doctor. In 1857
Drs. Boardman, Raue and Vastine were located there. Peter E. Vastine, of
Baltimore, went to Trenton in 1851, joining the institute the same year.
Jos. C. Boardman, M. D.
He was a graduate of Jefferson Medical College in 1838, and originally was
an allopathic practitioner. In 1875 there were located at Trenton Drs. Allen,
Boardman, Cooper, Grover, Compton, Wilkinson and Worthington. Dr.
Samuel E. Allen was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of
Pennsylvania in 1869, and joined the institute in 1871. He located at Tren-
ton after graduation. Cornelius B. Compton graduated from the same col-
lege in 1854; Isaac Cooper graduated from the same college in 1868 and
went to Mullica Hill, going in 1870 to Frenchtown, Hunterdon county, and
a little later to Trenton, where he still remains. Ross M. Wilkinson gradu-
ated from the old Philadelphia college in 1853, and located in Bordentown.
The date of his advent in Trenton is not known. Anthony H. Worthington
graduated from the same institution in i860. George Thompson was in
Trenton in 1880. He graduated from Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia in 1877. I" 1857 there were three homcicopathic practitioners in
Trenton; in 1875, seven; in 1880, seven; in 1899, sixteen.
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 251
In 1875 Drs. Joseph J. Currie and Joseph P. Johnson were located at
Hightstown. Dr. Currie was born at Carpenter's Landing, Gloucester
county, September 10, 1836; studied with Dr. Gardner at Woodbury; gradu-
ated at Philadelphia in 1866; settled at Glassboro, Gloucester county, and
remained there six months. He then went to Flemington, Hunterdon county,
where he practiced five years. He next located at Hightstown. In 1880 he
was practicing in Columbus, Burlington county, and later located in Beverly,
where he is still in practice. Dr. Joseph Price Johnson was born in Chester
county, Pa., January 25, 1840; took his degree in medicine in Philadelphia
in 1867 ; began practice in Lancaster county ; removed to Philadelphia, and
thence in 1870 to Hightstown.
In 1875 Dr. D. W. Sexton was located at Princeton, Dr. J. A. Miller at
Hopewell, and Dr. Joseph J. Whittington at Windsor.
Dr. Owen Beverly Cause practiced at Trenton from the time of his
graduation in 1857 until 1862, when he located in Philadelphia. Drs.' Jo-
sephus Gunning, J. B. Petherbridge, Record, and E. H. Trego also practiced
in Trenton. Dr. E. Bentley Hall was for a time located at Hightstown.
Hudson county, extending from Bergen Point to the palisades, and
directly opposite New York city, w^as occupied by a homceopathic physician
in 1847, ^v■hen Dr. William A. Durrie located at Jersey City. He was born
in New Haven, Conn., in 1822 ; was educated at Yale, graduating from the
academic department in 1843, ^"d from the medical school in 1846. He
commenced the practice of allopathy in New Haven, but his attention having
been called to homoeopathy he went to New York and placed himself under
the guidance of Gray and Hull. He qualified as a homoeopathic practitioner
and settled in Jersey City in 1847.
Early in 1848 Dr. John Juvenal Youlin located in Jersey City. He was
born in Rupert, Bennington county, Vt., December 31, 1821. He was edu-
cated at Auburn, X. Y., studied medicine under Dr. Augustus Willard, at-
tended lectures at Geneva College, and became a student of Dr. Alanson
Briggs, professor of surgery in the Geneva school. He entered the medical
department of the Cniversity of New York in 1846, but certain investigations
into homoeopathy prevented him from graduating. At that time he was a
bitter opponent of homoeopathy. In his preceptor's library were various
homoeopathic books' and in them he sought statements with which to ridicule
their authors. He procured some of the medicines described and carefully
studying the symptoms administered them in cases of prisoners under his
charge. (Dr. Briggs was physician to the Auburn state prison.) The good
results surprised him. Then he was seized with typhoid fever and in this
emergency was persuaded to allow a homoeopathic physician to be called and
his health was restored. This recovery, following close upon the experi-
ments he had previously made, led him gradually to a belief in the truth of
the doctrines of Hahnemann. He went to Jersey City in 1848 and began
practice. He graduated from the Western College of Homoeopathic Medi-
cine m 1854. He made his home in Jersey City until his death, October 30,
1881. Dr. Youlin was a member of many societies, and joined the institute
in 1858. He started a homoeopathic dispensary for the poor in Jersey City.
Drs. Youlin and Durrie were alone in Jersey City until 1857. Dr. J. R.
Petherbridge practiced there until the beginning of the war, when he entered
the army. He died shortly after its close.
In 1875 the following physicians were located in Jersey City : Drs. Wm.
252 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
H. Abercrdmbie, Eleazer Bowen, Horace Bowen, George B. Cornell, William
A. Durrie, James Harkness, Alexander H. Laidlaw, C. Holmes McNeil, Dan-
iel McNeil. William H. Newell, Frank Nichols, E. W. Pyle, G. D. Salstonstall,
L. Scott, Charles S. Shelton, George N. Tibbies and John Juvenal Youlin.
Dr. Daniel McNeil was a surgeon in the army during the rebellion, but
had previously practiced in Jersey City. His son. Dr. C. - Holmes McNeil,
took the place made vacant by his father's death. He died December i8, 1898.
Dr. Eleazer Bowen located in Jersey City in 1864. He was born .at
Rehoboth, Mass., in October, 1829. He studied medicine with Dr. Usher
Parsons in Providence, and graduated at the Pittsfield Medical College in
1853. After practicing six years in Barnstable, Mass., he was led to investi-
gate homoeopathy. He went to New York to study under its practitioners,
returned to Massachusetts in 1859 ^"^ settled in Lynn, where he remained
until 1864 when he went to Jersey City.
Dr. George Boardman Cornell, a graduate of the New York University
in 1864, practiced allopathy until 1869, when he investigated and adopted
homoeopathy.
Dr. William Henry Newell was born in New York, February 19, 1837,
and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1859. He passed the
next few vears in travel and arrived in Baltimore the day after "the riot"
in 1861. He served through the war as a confederate surgeon and after his
discharge located in Jersey City. After an examination of the claims of
homoeopathy he began practice under its principles.
Dr. Oscar F. Lund, previously an allopathic practitioner, began the prac-
tice of homoeopathy in Jersey City about 1870. He died in 1875.
In 1857 there were two homoeopathists in Jersey City; in 1875, 17; in
1880. 20; in 1899, 31; and in 1904, 25.
In Monmouth county Dr. W. S. Kimball was the first homoeopathic
physician. He located at Eatontown in 1854, and for many years was the
only homoeopathic physician at the Long Branch hotels. In i860 Dr. Ellis
B. Hall practiced at Freehold. Dr. C. C. Currie also practiced there.
In 1864 Dr. W. A. Bevin located at Freeport. Dr. G. F, Marsden set-
tled at Red Bank in 1870. In 1875 Dr. H. H. Pemberton was at Long Branch,
Dr. L. Bushnell at Keyport and^Dr. W. H. Burnett at Freehold.' In 1880
Drs. Ernest P. and G. Macomber were at Kevport and G. F. Marsden and
Alfred J. Trafiford at Red Bank.
In Gloucester county Dr. Ellis Bentley Hall, a graduate in 1849 of the
first session of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, and who
had been practicing since that time at Bridgeton, located at Woodbury in
1855. He was the first qualified homoeopathic physician in the county, and
left Woodbury in 1857. Later on he practiced in Hightstown, Camden, Free-
hold and Beverly, and died in Beverly in 187c;.
Dr. E. J. Record succeeded Dr. Hall at Woodbury, he remained there a
short time, and afterward went into mercantile pursuits. Dr. Thomas Shearer,
a graduate of 18^8 of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsvlvania,
settled in Woodbm-v, and removed thence to Baltimore. Dr. William A.
Gardiner was located there a short time about t86i. He removed to Phil-
adelphia and died there April 20. 1863.
Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner, brother of William A. Gardiner, located in
Woodburv in 1862 and in 1871 removed to Pottsville. Pa. In T875 he re-
turned to Wnn<1bur\- and remained there tmtil his death, June 30. 1889.
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 253
Dr. Wallace McGeorge, who bought out Dr. Gardiner, was born in
Bath, England, January 31, 1843. He came to America in 1850, and was
educated in the public schools of New York. He then learned the printing
business, and during the early years of the war was an earnest union man.
In 1864 he applied for appointment as hospital steward, and was advised by
the board of examination to attend medical lectures and then apply for a
medical cadetship in the regular army. After the war he obtained a position
in charge of a printing establishment in Philadelphia, still continuing his
medical studies. In 1866 he became a student of Dr. J. H. P. Frost. The
same year he urged Dr. Malcolm Macfarlan to resign from the regular army
and come to Philadelphia. He did so and was elected professor of surgery
in the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. Mr. McGeorge then
became his student. He graduated from the college in 1868. He first located
at Hightstown, N. J., remaining there two years and then went to Crescent,
Saratoga county, N. Y., being the first homoeopathic physician there. In
January, 1871, he became partner with Dr. Daniel R. Gardiner in Woodbury,
where he remained until 1893, when he removed to Camden, his present
residence.
Dr. Charles Newton, a graduate in 1867 of the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, located in Woodbury in 1869 and in 1870 went to
Sharpstown, Salem county. In November, 1872, Rev. William M. White-
head, who had just graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia, settled in Woodbury. He was pastor of the Baptist church, and
united the duties of that office with those of a physician. He died in Jan-
uary, 1874.
Dr. Alexander Kirkpatrick a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical Col-
lege of Pennsylvania in 1861, practiced first in Swedesboro and afterward
settled in Burlington. Dr. John F. Musgrave took Dr. Kirkpatrick's place
in Swedesboro.
Dr. Isaac Cooper located in Mullica Hill in 1868, remaining until 1870.
Dr. Jacob Izard graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Phila-
delphia in 1870, and settled in Glassboro, where he still remains. In 1886
Dr. Howard Izard also located there. In 1875, Dr. Albert T. Beckett located
at Mullica Hill. Dr. Samuel E. Newton located at Paulsboro in 1873, be-
ing the first homoeopathic physician in that place.
Dr. Samuel Arthur Jones introduced homoeopathy into Bergen county
in i860. He located in Englewood in that year and remained there until
1875, when he took the chair of homoeopathic materia medica in the Univer-
sity of Michigan. Dr. H. M. Banks succeeded Dr. Jones at Englewood. In
1880 Drs. D. M. Baldwin and H. M. Banks were in practice there, and Dr.
George B. Best afterward located there. In 1875 Dr. H. H. HolHster was
located at Rutherford Park. Dr. Addison P. Macomber located at Hacken-
sack in 1867. He was a graduate of the University of New York in 1853,
but had become converted to homoeopathy. He joined the institute in 1867,
at which time he was located at Maiden, Mass. He went from there to
Hackensack. Dr. George M. Ockford was born in England, March 29,
1845, si^d was brought when a child to northern New York. He learned
the printing trade and became a journalist. He began the study of medicine
under Dr. A. P. Macomber, at Maiden, Mass., and graduated from the
Cleveland Hospital College in 1872. He then went to Hackensack, where
his preceptor was in practice. He has practiced at Hackensack, Burling-
254
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
ton, Vt., Vincennes, Ind., and Lexington, Ky. In 1891 he located in Ridge-
wood, N. J.
Dr. William R. Sheppard graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1861, and located at Cape May, Cape May county,
being the first homoeopathic physician there. Drs. W. F: Hedstrom and W.
R. Sheppard were practicing at Cape May from 1875 to 1880, Dr. E. H.
Phillips was practicing there in 1899.
Homoeopathy was introduced in Cumberland county by Dr. E. Bentley
Hall about 1849. Smith's directory for 1857 gives one homoeopathic physi-
cian in Cumberland countv, Dr. Moore, at Bridgeton. In 1875 Drs. A. W.
Bartlett, L. W. Brown, E. B. Griswold, W. T."^ Sherman, E. R. Tuller and
Samuel A. Jones, M. D.
M. B. Tuller were located at Vineland ; L. J. Bumstead, T. Walter Gardiner,
Thomas Sturdevant, J. W. Thompson, at Millville ; Charles T. Hill, at Divid-
ing Creek; M. E. Hunter, at Commercial; Joseph Moore, at Bridgeton.
Dr. L. W. Brown was born in Lorain county, Ohio, February 2, 1844,
and graduated at the New York Homoeopathic College in 1865. He then
returned to Cleveland, but about 1869 he located at Vineland.
In a personal letter written in 1870 Dr. Sturdevant says: "My full name
is Thomas Sturdevant, graduated from Penn Medical University, i860, at-
tended lectures at Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. I have
practiced homoeopathy exclusively five years. I practiced allopathy five years
in Old Southwark, Philadelphia, first ward, for four years ; was the out-of-
door physician for that district for three years. I removed from there to
Greenwich, Cumberland county, N. J., stayed there twenty-two months, but
HISTORY OF HOMOEOPATHY 255
climate did not agree, and removed from there to Millville and have been
here nearly four years. I have had an uphill road of it. Some three homoe-
opathic physicians had been here previous to my coming but the old ' regu-
lars ' succeeded in running them oiY in a year or so."
Dr. Charles W. jMulford introduced homoeopathy into Hunterdon county
in 1854. In 1875 Dr. J. B. J. Bard was at Flemington; John Newton Lowe
at Milford, and John E. Stiles at Lambertville.
Dr. Henry D. Robinson was the pioneer homoeopath in Middlesex county;
having located in New Brunswick about 1849. He was of French parentage,
but was born in England, educated in Paris, and came to this country in 1829.
For a number of years he lived in New York, but in 1849 went to New
Theodore Y. Kinne, M. D.
Brunswick, where he remained until his death, November 22, 1876, aged
seventy-eight years.
In the 1857 directory, Drs. C. Blumenthal and H, D. Robinson are men-
tioned as living in New Brunswick, and T. Vernon at Perth Amboy. In
1875 there were at New Brunswick. Drs. John G. Greenbank, Samuel Long,
J. L. Mulford, H. D. Robinson and Giro S. Verdi.
Dr. Stephen Fairchild introduced homoeopathy into Morris county in
1841. In 1857 Dr. W. De H. Ouinby was at Alorristown ; Drs. R. B. W.
Fairchild and S. W. Fairchild at Parsipanny ; Drs. J. and W. I. Jackson at
Rockaway. In 1875 Mrs. Woodrufif practiced at Boonton, and Drs. Macom-
ber and Ubellacker at Morristown.
In Salem county Dr. L. G. Yim\ was the homoeopathic pioneer. In
256 HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
1857 Dr. J. B. Stretch was in Salem, and Drs. P. Coates and C. Preston in
Woodstown. Dr. Preston had also practiced in Sculltown. Dr. Stretch was
a native of Salem county, born Augtist 27, 1825, graduated at the Homoe-
opathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1853, and .located at Salem,
where he lived until his death on March 7, 1865. Dr. Preston remained but
a short time in Woodstown, removing thence to Pennsylvania. In 1875 ^^'
Aquilia B. Lippincott was at Salem ; Dr Charles Newton at Sharpstown ; P.
G. Souder at Woodstown, and A. W. Zane at Pennsgrove. Miles W. Wal-
lens located at Woodstown in 1863, and in April, 1870, went to Somerville.
Dr. Quinby introduced the system into Somerset county in 1846. In
1857 Dr. T. W. Edwards was in Raritan. In 1875 Drs. Henry Crater and
P. H. Mason were in Somerville.
Dr, Joseph Hasbrouck was the pioneer homoeopath in Sussex county,
about 1870.
In Union county Dr. Titsworth was the first homoeopathic physician to
open an office. Dr. Randolph Titsworth located at Plainfield in 1853. He
was a graduate of the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in
1853. He died March 18, 1890. In 1857 Drs. J. Green and J. A. Roesch were
at Elizabeth; S. Cook at Rahway. In 1875 there were 18 homoeopathic phy-
sicians in Union county. In 1875 Dr. W. P. Sharkey was in practice at Phil-
lipsburg.
About 1874 Dr. Obed S. Crosby began practice in Atlantic City. In
1880 Drs. O. S. Crosby, R. A. Martin and J. H. Warrington were in prac-
tice there. In 1886 Drs. Alfred W. Bailey, George W. Crosby, Obed H.
Crosby, Henry K. Stuart and Maurice D. Youngman were located there. In
1899 the physicians there Avere Drs. Alfred W. Bailey, Lorenzo D. Bailey,
Theodore J. Bieling, Walter A. Corson, George W. Crosby, Howard J.
Evans, John R. Fleming, Mary Miller, Milton L. Munson, Walter C. Sooy
and Maurice D. Youngman. In 1904 there were fifteen physicians of the
homoeopathic school in Atlantic City.
Homoeopathic physicians in New Jersey previous to i860. The date
preceding the name indicates the year the physician began the practice of
homoeopathy. The character * indicates that the practitioner originally was
of some other school ; the character x indicates that the physician practiced
medicine before the date given.
1845 Annin, Jonathan D. * Newark 1857 Coates, P. x Woodstown
1845 Andrews, John R. * Camden 1853 Clay, George B. L. Moorestown
1851 Armour, Thomas Allowaystown 1869 Cornell, George B. * Jersey City
1865 Austin, John H. * Camden 1847 Durrie, William A. x Jersey City
1857 Bassett, John S. * x Paterson 1857 Edwards, T. W. x Raritan^
1845 Boardman, Joseph C. Trenton 1842 Fairchild, Stephen * Parsippany
1857 Blumenthal, Charles x New Bruns- 1857 Fairchild, R. B. W. Parsippany
wick 18.32 Geist, C. F. Egg Harbor City
1853 Blackwood, Benjamin W. * Haddon- 1857 Green, Jonas x Elizabeth City
field 1853 Greenbank, John G. New Brunswick
1856 Bryant, J. Kemper Camden 1843 Gardiner, Wm. A. Woodbury
1846 Belt, R. G. X * Paterson 1849 Gardiner, Daniel R. Moorestown
1854 Compton, Cornelius C. 1857 Gardiner, David E. Bordentown
1857 Crittenden, J. x Morristown 1857 Cause, Owen Beverly Trenton
1857 Crittenden, W. H. x Grover. Lewis P. Trenton
1855 Carels, Samuel * Camden 1857 Hand, W. R. x Kingwood
1835 Caspari, Edward Orange 1849 Hall, Ellis Bentley Woodbury
1857 Cook, S. X Rahway 1835 Humphrey, Gideon * Burlington
HISTORY OF HOMCEOP'ATHY
257
1857 Jackson, J. x Rockaway 1843
1857 Jackson, W I. x Rockaway 1846
i860 Jones, Samuel Arthur Englewood 1857
1853 Miller, Alexander C. Gloucester 1850
1859 McPherson, William H. 1849
1853 Musgrave, John F. Swedesboro
1854 Kimball, W. S. Eatontown 1846
i860 Kirkpatrick, Alexander Swedesboro 1858
1846 Lafon, Thomas * Newark 1852
185s Liebold, Carl T. * Newark 1846
1850 Leaming, Jonathan * Cape May 1857
Court House 1858
1840 Middleton. R. S. Burlington 1858
1849 Moore, John D. * Burlington 1857
1857 Moore, Joseph x Bridgeton 1857
1851 Mulford, Joseph L. Middletown 1853
1854 Mulford, Charles W. Hunterdon Co. 1857
1865 McNeil, Daniel * West Hoboken 1850
1859 Newell, William H. Jersey City 1848
1857 Orton, Dr. x Madison 1841
1845 Petherbridge, J. B. Paterson 1838
1856 Pfeiffer. George S. F. * Camden 1857
1856 Pease, I. H. x Irvington ♦ 1853
1853 Preston, Coates Woodstown 1854
1855 Pretch, C. Trenton
Paine, John A. * Newark
Quinby, W. de H. x Morristown
Roesch, J. A. x Elizabeth City
Raue, Charles G. Trenton
Robinson, Henry D. * New Bruns-
wick
Rhees, Morgan J. Mount Holly
Richards, George W. * Newark
Sargent. Rufus Bordentown
Smith, Edward M. x Burlington
Sheppard, S. W. x Bloomfield
Shearer, Thomas Woodbury
Shivers, Bowman H. Marlton
Scott, J. B. x Newark
Stretch, J. B. x Salem
Titsworth, Randolph Plainfield
Vernon, T. x Perth Amboy
Vastine, P. E. x Trenton
Vinal, L. G. x Salem
Ward, Walter * Mount Holly
Ward, Isaac Moreau * Newark
Warner, S. C. x Cooperstown
Wilkinson, Ross M. Bordentown
Youlin, John J. * Jersey City
258 HISTORY OF HOMQ^.OPATHY
CHAPTER XV
HOMOEOPATHY IN VERMONT.
"By Thomas Lindsley Bradford, M. D.
Sowing the Seed of Homoeopathy in the Old Green Mountain State— Baird, the Inde-
pendent, Self-educated, and Successful Practitioner, the Pioneer — Brief Allusion
to State, District and County Societies — How and by Whom Homoeopathy was
Introduced in the Counties of Verm.ont.
Homoeopathy in Vermont was planted in much the same manner as state-
hood itself in that jurisdiction, and was an independent action on the part
of its pioneer, David H. Baird, who is remembered as a man of good sound
comm.on sense, with an excellent understanding of medicines and their use
in general, but who was not a graduate of any school of medicine. Whether
Dr. Baird employed other methods in the healing art before beginning prac-
tice according to the law of similars does not appear, but it is known that
he administered the little homoeopathic doses in Coventry and Troy in Or-
leans county as early as about the year 1840, and thus became the pioneer
of the profession in the historic Green Mountain state.
But Dr. Baird was not long the sole exemplar of homoeopathy in Ver-
mont, and within the next twenty years following his advent into the ranks
of the profession there were about thirty-five practitioners in that field ; and
even before that period was passed, and as early as 1854, the homoeopathic
physicians of the state gathered together their numbers and organized the
Green Mountain Homoeopathic Medical Association, which has continued
its existence to the present day and since 1858 has been known as the Ver-
mont State Homoeopathic Medical Society.
In 1 85 1 the Caledonia County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organ-
ized, and three years afterward united with the parent body. The subse-
quent kindred organizations have been the Connecticut and Passumpsic Val-
ley Homoeopathic Medical Society, about 1866, and the Champlain Valley
Homoeopathic Medical Society, organized in 1874.
Homoeopathic medical statistics show that the number of physicians of
that school in the state in 1857 was 31; 1875, 63; 1880, 83; 1899, 67; and
in 1904, 54. This noticeable decrease in numbers during recent years in no
sense indicates an unhealthful condition of affairs in the profession, and is
due to exactly the same causes which have contributed to the loss of popula-
tion in the state in general. In Vermont today homoeopathy is as firmly
rooted in the soil as at any previous time in its history, and among the exem-
plars there are found some of the best practitioners who have ever honored
any profession with their achievements.
VERMONT HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Vermont has not figured conspicuously as the home of numerous homoe-
opathic societies, but such as have been given life have been noted for vigor
and longevity, qualities which are characteristic of all elements of life in
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 259
the healthful regions of the Green Mountain state. In 1854 eight homoe-
opathic physicians comprising nearly all of that school then in the state, met
in Montpelier on the 22d- of February and organized the Green Mountain
Homoeopathic Association. Its first officers were Dr. Beniah Sanborn of St.
Johnsbury, president; Dr. Cephas Taylor of Hardwick, vice-president; Dr.
C. B. Darling of Lyndon, secretary; Dr. Joshua Stone of St. Johnsbury,
treasurer. The society held annual meetings in St. Johnsbury. At a meet-
ing held October 21, 1858, the name was changed to Vermont Homoeopathic
Medical Society, and was so incorporated in the same year. The first officers
of the new society were Dr. Thomas Bigelow of Burlington, president; Dr.
C. B. Currier of South Troy, corresponding secretary; Dr. G. E. Sparhawk
of Rochester, recording secretary; IDr. T. C. Taplin of Montpelier, treas-
urer; Dr. C. W. Scott of Irasburg, auditor. This society still maintains an
active existence and holds semi-annual meetings in Montpelier. Its trans-
actions were published in 1891.
The Caledonia County Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in
1 85 1, chiefly through the efforts of Dr. Beniah Sanborn. The Connecticut
and Passumpsic Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized in 1866.
The Champlain Valley Homoeopathic Medical Society was organized at Mid-
dlebury, May 5, 1874.
REMINISCENCES.
Dr. Baird's pioneer efforts in Orleans county have been referred to in an"
earlier paragraph. His successor in that locality was Dr. Levi C. Moore, who
practiced in North Troy many years, and was there as late as 1882. Dr. Willard
W. Jenness began practice in Derby about 1850, and removed thence to
Chicopee in Massachusetts.
In 1852 Dr. Hiram C. Orcutt, a Dartmouth graduate, began practice in
Troy, remaining there until 1865, when he settled in Derby. Dr. George
Starr Kelsea, from Lisbon, New Hampshire, and a graduate in 1867 o^ ^^^
Cleveland Homoeopathic Medical College, located in Derby, but two years
later settled in Newport, where he died September 26, 1884. In 1854 Dr.
Chester A\'alter Scott, a graduate in 1854 of the old Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania, began practice in Irasburg. and in 1865 removed
to Caledonia county. At one time he practiced in Hardwick. Drs. C. B.
Darling and I. R. Taylor also practiced in Irasburg at an early day.
Dr. Charles B. Parkhurst, a graduate in 1866 of the New York Homoe-
opathic Medical College, located in Irasburg and remained there until about
1870, when he removed to Owego, New York, and from thence two years
later to Chicago, and won fame in that great city ; but failing health com-
pelled him to go farther west, and in 1874 he removed to Colorado Springs,
where he died January 16, 1877.
In 1875 Drs. Frederick M. Perry and Anson M. Ruggles were in prac-
tice in Barton ; F. L. Snell at Barton Landing ; Oscar A. Bemis at Crafts-
bury; Ezra W. Clark at Derby; John W. McDuffie and John H. Peck at
Derby Centre ; Edward D. L. Parker at Derby Line : George Rowell at Iras-
burg; George S. Kelsea at Newport, and Levi C. Moore at North Troy.
Washington county in Vermont was the second to receive a homoeopathic
practitioner, and Dr. T. C'. Taplin was its pioneer. He had previously prac-
ticed dentistry, but having became acquainted with Dr. Baird, he soon was
interested in homoeopathy and took up its study and subsequent practice, in
260
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY
Danville, Caledonia county : but he soon removed to Montpelier. where he
died in 1864.
The next homoeopath in Orleans county was Dr. Gershom Xelson Brig-
ham, who began practice in Waitsfield in 1850. He was born in \"ermont in
1830, studied medicine with Dr. Joslyn in Waitsfield, afterward with Drs.
Thayer and Palmer, and completed his medical education in the Vermont
Medical College in Castleton, where he graduated in 1845. He settled in
Warren, and while practicing there was led to investigate homoeopathy. He
matriculated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1849.
He learned of the experiments of Teste in St. Marguerite's Hospital, Paris,
and of the success of Dr. Gray and the other homoeopathic physicians in New
G. N. Brigham, Al. D.
York, and in 1850 he too began the practice of homoeopathy, at Waitsfield.
He was one of six who founded the Vermont State Homoeopathic Medical
Society. In 1855 he removed to Montpelier and was for a time associated
with Dr. Taplin. In 1875 he removed to Grand Rapids, Mich., but he died
at Roger's Park, Chicago, June 21, 1886. Drs. H. C. Brigham and Willard
I. Brigham are sons of this pioneer of homceopathy in Vermont.
In 1875 there were the following homoeopathic physicians in Washing-
ton county: Chas. H. Chamberlain, Barre ; John O. A. Packer, Marshfield;
Gershom N. Brigham, H. C. Brigham, Montpelier ; James Haylitt, More-
town ; James M. Van Deusen. Waitsfield ; Merrill W. Hill, Waterbury. In
1870 Dr. J. Dorr was practicing in Cabot; George Colton at Barre; A. George
HISTORY OF HOMCEOPATHY 261
at Calais; E. J. Foster at Montpelier; S. H. Colburn and ^I. F. Styles at
Northfield; Dr. L. C. Moore and George B. Rowell at Troy. In i860 Dr.
L. H. Thomas, a graduate of Castleton Medical College, began to practice
at Waterbury. In 1868 Dr. George Colton graduated from the New York
Homoeopathic Medical College and located at Waterbury.
Dr. Charles H. Chamberlain graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical
College of Pennsylvania in 1863 ^nd settled at Barre. He built up a large
practice, and remained there until his death, February 2, 1881. Dr. H. E.
Parker took his place.
Dr. James M. Van Deusen graduated from Castleton Medical College in
1849, s"^ went from there to Warren. He became dissatisfied with the old
school and adopted homceopathy and began its practice at Warren. In July,
1867, he removed to Waitsfield.
In 1880 there were at Lower Cabot, Dr. John Lance ; Dr. W. B. Mayo
at Northfield, a graduate New York Homoeopathic INIedical College, 1877;
Dr. I. H. Fiske, Roxbury : Dr. R. W. Lance, South Woodbury ; Alerrill W.
Hill and C. S. Hoag, Waterbury.
In 1899 Dr. Elroy B. Whittaker was at Barre; Willis S. Gillett, Calais;
Frank J. Gale, East Calais ; H. S. Boardman and Ira H. Fiske, Montpelier ;
James Haylett, Moretown ; W. B. Mayo, Northfield ; George Guy Hall, South
Woodbury; J. M. Van Deusen, Waitsfield; W. F. Minard, Waterbury.
In Windsor county homoeopathy was introduced in 1844 by Dr. A. J.
Pike and Dr. Amos Dean, who came from Lowell, Mass., and located at
Woodstock, where they spent a year practicing in partnership. In 1845 Dr.
Pike, having an increasing practice in the adjoining town of Barnard, de-
cided to go there. He remained two years and had very good patronage. He
removed from there to Lawrence, Mass., where he passed the rest of his life.
The opposition to homoeopathy at that time at Woodstock was very
great. That town was the seat of the Vermont Medical College and more
than half die population was related to allopathic physicians by marriage
or otherwise. One who was then a student there wrote as follows : " In
1852 a clinical case of indolent ulcer came before the class. The profes-
sor pronounced it incurable and so dismissed it. A dentist, then a resident
of the 
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